Drop support for Go 1.17

[MrAlias]

Follow up to open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go#3179

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #2785 (b9b83cd) into main (91e5196) will increase coverage by 5.1%.
The diff coverage is n/a.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            main   #2785     +/-   ##
=======================================
+ Coverage   69.4%   74.6%   +5.1%     
=======================================
  Files        145     150      +5     
  Lines       6707    6772     +65     
=======================================
+ Hits        4655    5052    +397     
+ Misses      1938    1589    -349     
- Partials     114     131     +17     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
samplers/jaegerremote/sampler_remote.go	85.4% <0.0%> (-2.0%)	⬇️
...cache/memcache/otelmemcache/internal/attributes.go	66.6% <0.0%> (ø)
.../github.com/gocql/gocql/otelgocql/internal/cass.go	95.1% <0.0%> (ø)
...z/gomemcache/memcache/otelmemcache/test/version.go	0.0% <0.0%> (ø)
...b.org/mongo-driver/mongo/otelmongo/test/version.go	0.0% <0.0%> (ø)
...n/github.com/gocql/gocql/otelgocql/test/version.go	0.0% <0.0%> (ø)
...itz/gomemcache/memcache/otelmemcache/gomemcache.go	47.8% <0.0%> (+36.9%)	⬆️
...ntation/github.com/gocql/gocql/otelgocql/config.go	57.1% <0.0%> (+57.1%)	⬆️
...ion/github.com/gocql/gocql/otelgocql/instrument.go	62.5% <0.0%> (+62.5%)	⬆️
...ation/github.com/gocql/gocql/otelgocql/observer.go	75.1% <0.0%> (+75.1%)	⬆️
... and 6 more