chore: migrate to ruff code formatter (#2230)

* chore: migrate to `ruff` code formatter

* chore: update falcon/inspect.py per @CaselIT's suggestion

Co-authored-by: Federico Caselli <cfederico87@gmail.com>

* chore: fix spelling

* chore(ruff): use parentheses to prevent too sparse layout

---------

Co-authored-by: Federico Caselli <cfederico87@gmail.com>

.github/workflows/tests.yaml

@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ jobs:
           - "ubuntu-latest"
         toxenv:
           - "pep8"
-          - "blue"
-          - "pep8-examples"
           - "pep8-docstrings"
+          - "pep8-examples"
+          - "ruff"
           - "mypy"
           - "mypy_tests"
           - "py312"

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ Please note that all contributors and maintainers of this project are subject to
 
 Before submitting a pull request, please ensure you have added or updated tests as appropriate,
 and that all existing tests still pass with your changes.
-Please also ensure that your coding style follows PEP 8 and the ``blue`` formatting style.
+Please also ensure that your coding style follows PEP 8 and the ``ruff`` formatting style.
 
-In order to reformat your code with ``blue``, simply issue:
+In order to reformat your code with ``ruff``, simply issue:
 
 ```bash
-$ pip install -U blue
-$ blue .
+$ pip install -U ruff
+$ ruff format
 ```
 
 You can check all this by running ``tox`` from within the Falcon project directory. Your environment must be based on CPython 3.8, 3.10, 3.11 or 3.12:

README.rst

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     >
     </a>
 
-|Build Status| |Docs| |codecov.io| |Blue|
+|Build Status| |Docs| |codecov.io|
 
 The Falcon Web Framework
 ========================
@@ -1049,6 +1049,3 @@ limitations under the License.
    :target: https://github.com/falconry/falcon/actions?query=workflow%3A%22Run+tests%22
 .. |codecov.io| image:: https://codecov.io/gh/falconry/falcon/branch/master/graphs/badge.svg
    :target: http://codecov.io/gh/falconry/falcon
-.. |Blue| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-blue-blue.svg
-    :target: https://blue.readthedocs.io/
-    :alt: code style: blue

examples/look/look/images.py

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ def on_post(self, req, resp):
 
 
 class ImageStore:
-
     _CHUNK_SIZE_BYTES = 4096
 
     # Note the use of dependency injection for standard library

examples/things_advanced.py

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ def handle(ex, req, resp, params):
 
 
 class SinkAdapter:
-
     engines = {
         'ddg': 'https://duckduckgo.com',
         'y': 'https://search.yahoo.com/search',

examples/things_advanced_asgi.py

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ async def handle(ex, req, resp, params):
 
 
 class SinkAdapter:
-
     engines = {
         'ddg': 'https://duckduckgo.com',
         'y': 'https://search.yahoo.com/search',

falcon/asgi/request.py

@@ -384,7 +384,6 @@ class Request(request.Request):
     _wsgi_errors = None
 
     def __init__(self, scope, receive, first_event=None, options=None):
-
         # =====================================================================
         # Prepare headers
         # =====================================================================

falcon/bench/nuts/nuts/app.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ def create():
 
 
 def setup_app(config):
-
     return make_app(
         config.app.root,
         static_root=config.app.static_root,

falcon/cmd/inspect_app.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 """
 Script that prints out the routes of an App instance.
 """
+
 import argparse
 import importlib
 import os
@@ -59,7 +60,6 @@ def make_parser():
 
 
 def load_app(parser, args):
-
     try:
         module, instance = args.app_module.split(':', 1)
     except ValueError:

falcon/inspect.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 """Inspect utilities for falcon applications."""
+
 from functools import partial
 import inspect
 from typing import Callable  # NOQA: F401
@@ -89,8 +90,9 @@ def inspect_my_router(router):
     def wraps(fn):
         if router_class in _supported_routers:
             raise ValueError(
-                'Another function is already registered'
-                ' for the router {}'.format(router_class)
+                'Another function is already registered for the router {}'.format(
+                    router_class
+                )
             )
         _supported_routers[router_class] = fn
         return fn

falcon/media/multipart.py

@@ -272,7 +272,6 @@ def content_type(self):
     @property
     def filename(self):
         if self._filename is None:
-
             if self._content_disposition is None:
                 value = self._headers.get(b'content-disposition', b'')
                 self._content_disposition = parse_header(value.decode())
@@ -308,7 +307,6 @@ def secure_filename(self):
     @property
     def name(self):
         if self._name is None:
-
             if self._content_disposition is None:
                 value = self._headers.get(b'content-disposition', b'')
                 self._content_disposition = parse_header(value.decode())

falcon/middleware.py

@@ -108,7 +108,6 @@ def process_response(self, req: Request, resp: Response, resource, req_succeeded
             and req.method == 'OPTIONS'
             and req.get_header('Access-Control-Request-Method')
         ):
-
             # NOTE(kgriffs): This is a CORS preflight request. Patch the
             #   response accordingly.
 

falcon/request_helpers.py

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 #   (see also: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3333/#unicode-issues)
 #
 _COOKIE_NAME_RESERVED_CHARS = re.compile(
-    '[\x00-\x1F\x7F-\xFF()<>@,;:\\\\"/[\\]?={} \x09]'
+    '[\x00-\x1f\x7f-\xff()<>@,;:\\\\"/[\\]?={} \x09]'
 )
 
 # NOTE(kgriffs): strictly speaking, the weakness indicator is

falcon/routing/compiled.py

@@ -651,8 +651,7 @@ def _compile(self):
 
         src_lines.append(
             # PERF(kgriffs): Explicit return of None is faster than implicit
-            _TAB_STR
-            + 'return None'
+            _TAB_STR + 'return None'
         )
 
         self._finder_src = '\n'.join(src_lines)

falcon/routing/static.py

@@ -173,7 +173,6 @@ def __call__(self, req, resp):
             or '//' in without_prefix
             or len(without_prefix) > self._MAX_NON_PREFIXED_LEN
         ):
-
             raise falcon.HTTPNotFound()
 
         normalized = os.path.normpath(without_prefix)

falcon/testing/client.py

@@ -452,7 +452,6 @@ def simulate_request(
     asgi_chunk_size=4096,
     asgi_disconnect_ttl=300,
 ) -> _ResultBase:
-
     """Simulate a request to a WSGI or ASGI application.
 
     Performs a request against a WSGI or ASGI application. In the case of
@@ -671,7 +670,6 @@ async def _simulate_request_asgi(
     _one_shot=True,
     _stream_result=False,
 ) -> _ResultBase:
-
     """Simulate a request to an ASGI application.
 
     Keyword Args:

falcon/testing/helpers.py

@@ -864,7 +864,6 @@ def create_scope(
     include_server=True,
     cookies=None,
 ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-
     """Create a mock ASGI scope ``dict`` for simulating HTTP requests.
 
     Keyword Args:
@@ -1002,7 +1001,6 @@ def create_scope_ws(
     subprotocols=None,
     spec_version='2.1',
 ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-
     """Create a mock ASGI scope ``dict`` for simulating WebSocket requests.
 
     Keyword Args:
@@ -1089,7 +1087,6 @@ def create_environ(
     root_path=None,
     cookies=None,
 ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-
     """Create a mock PEP-3333 environ ``dict`` for simulating WSGI requests.
 
     Keyword Args:

falcon/util/deprecation.py

@@ -66,7 +66,6 @@ def deprecated(
     """
 
     def decorator(func: Callable[..., Any]) -> Callable[[Callable[..., Any]], Any]:
-
         object_name = 'property' if is_property else 'function'
         post_name = '' if is_property else '(...)'
         message = 'Call to deprecated {} {}{}. {}'.format(

falcon/util/misc.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
     now = falcon.http_now()
 """
+
 import datetime
 import functools
 import http

falcon/util/reader.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 """Buffered stream reader."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import functools
@@ -189,7 +190,6 @@ def _finalize_read_until(
         next_chunk: Optional[bytes] = None,
         next_chunk_len: int = 0,
     ) -> bytes:
-
         if delimiter_pos < 0 and delimiter is not None:
             delimiter_pos = self._buffer.find(delimiter, self._buffer_pos)
 

falcon/util/structures.py

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
     things = falcon.CaseInsensitiveDict()
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections.abc import Mapping
@@ -146,14 +147,11 @@ class Context:
     #   merely to let mypy know this is a namespace object.
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
-        def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
-            ...
+        def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any: ...
 
-        def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: Any) -> None:
-            ...
+        def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: Any) -> None: ...
 
-        def __delattr__(self, name: str) -> None:
-            ...
+        def __delattr__(self, name: str) -> None: ...
 
     def __contains__(self, key: str) -> bool:
         return self.__dict__.__contains__(key)
@@ -217,7 +215,6 @@ def pop(self, key: str, default: Optional[Any] = None) -> Optional[Any]:
         return self.__dict__.pop(key, default)
 
     def popitem(self) -> Tuple[str, Any]:
-
         return self.__dict__.popitem()
 
     def setdefault(

falcon/util/sync.py

@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ def _should_wrap_non_coroutines() -> bool:
 
 
 def _wrap_non_coroutine_unsafe(
-    func: Optional[Callable[..., Any]]
+    func: Optional[Callable[..., Any]],
 ) -> Union[Callable[..., Awaitable[Any]], Callable[..., Any], None]:
     """Wrap a coroutine using ``wrap_sync_to_async_unsafe()`` for internal test cases.
 

falcon/util/uri.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
     name, port = uri.parse_host('example.org:8080')
 """
+
 from typing import Callable
 from typing import Dict
 from typing import List
@@ -57,7 +58,6 @@
 
 
 def _create_char_encoder(allowed_chars: str) -> Callable[[int], str]:
-
     lookup = {}
 
     for code_point in range(256):
@@ -74,7 +74,6 @@ def _create_char_encoder(allowed_chars: str) -> Callable[[int], str]:
 def _create_str_encoder(
     is_value: bool, check_is_escaped: bool = False
 ) -> Callable[[str], str]:
-
     allowed_chars = _UNRESERVED if is_value else _ALL_ALLOWED
     allowed_chars_plus_percent = allowed_chars + '%'
     encode_char = _create_char_encoder(allowed_chars)

pyproject.toml

@@ -82,10 +82,19 @@
     extend-exclude = "falcon/vendor"
 
 [tool.blue]
+    # NOTE(vytas): Before switching to Ruff, Falcon used the Blue formatter.
+    #   With the below settings, accidentally running blue should yield
+    #   only minor cosmetic changes in a handful of files.
     target-version = ["py37"]
     line-length = 88
     extend-exclude = "falcon/vendor"
 
+[tool.ruff]
+    target-version = "py37"
+    format.quote-style = "single"
+    line-length = 88
+    extend-exclude = ["falcon/vendor"]
+
 [tool.pytest.ini_options]
 filterwarnings = [
     "ignore:Unknown REQUEST_METHOD. '(CONNECT|DELETE|GET|HEAD|OPTIONS|PATCH|POST|PUT|TRACE|CHECKIN|CHECKOUT|COPY|LOCK|MKCOL|MOVE|PROPFIND|PROPPATCH|REPORT|UNCHECKIN|UNLOCK|UPDATE|VERSION-CONTROL)':wsgiref.validate.WSGIWarning",

setup.py

@@ -139,7 +139,6 @@ def load_description():
 
     # NOTE(kgriffs): PyPI does not support the raw directive
     for readme_line in io.open('README.rst', 'r', encoding='utf-8'):
-
         # NOTE(vytas): The patron list largely builds upon raw sections
         if readme_line.startswith('.. Patron list starts'):
             in_patron_list = True

tests/asgi/test_boundedstream_asgi.py

@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@
     [
         b'',
         b'\x00',
-        b'\x00\xFF',
+        b'\x00\xff',
         b'catsup',
-        b'\xDE\xAD\xBE\xEF' * 512,
+        b'\xde\xad\xbe\xef' * 512,
         testing.rand_string(1, 2048),
         os.urandom(100 * 2**20),
     ],
@@ -193,9 +193,9 @@ async def receive():
     [
         b'',
         b'\x00',
-        b'\x00\xFF',
+        b'\x00\xff',
         b'catsup',
-        b'\xDE\xAD\xBE\xEF' * 512,
+        b'\xde\xad\xbe\xef' * 512,
         testing.rand_string(1, 2048).encode(),
     ],
     ids=['empty', 'null', 'null-ff', 'normal', 'long', 'random'],

tests/asgi/test_example_asgi.py

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ async def handle(ex, req, resp, params):
 
 
 class SinkAdapter:
-
     engines = {
         'ddg': 'https://duckduckgo.com',
         'y': 'https://search.yahoo.com/search',

tests/asgi/test_request_context_asgi.py

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ def test_default_request_context(
         assert req.context.get('note') == req.context['note']
 
     def test_custom_request_context(self):
-
         # Define a Request-alike with a custom context type
         class MyCustomContextType:
             pass
@@ -32,7 +31,6 @@ class MyCustomRequest(Request):
         assert isinstance(req.context, MyCustomContextType)
 
     def test_custom_request_context_failure(self):
-
         # Define a Request-alike with a non-callable custom context type
         class MyCustomRequest(Request):
             context_type = False