fix: renderer crash on setImmediate

[codebytere]

Description of Change

Closes #26055.

Fixes an issue whereby a corrupted async_hooks stack would crash the renderer when throwing some errors in the renderer process. This happened because Node.js resets the async hook stack when exceptions are thrown inside their uncaught exception handler, and in the renderer process we were using Blink's which did not do this. This is fixed by adding our own uncaught message listener to the renderer isolate - this resets the async hook stack to mitigate the crash and better align with Node.js' behavior. Isolate message listeners are additive (you can add multiple) so this does not interfere with Blink's own handling.

cc @ckerr @MarshallOfSound

Checklist

• PR description included and stakeholders cc'd
• npm test passes
• tests are changed or added
• PR release notes describe the change in a way relevant to app developers, and are capitalized, punctuated, and past tense.

Release Notes

Notes: Fixes an issue whereby a corrupted async_hooks stack would crash the renderer when throwing some errors in the renderer process.

[MarshallOfSound]

I know we talked about this on Slack, but I think crash-cases won't work for us here. crash-cases detect if the main process crashes, because this crash is in the renderer we'll need a different system 🤔

[MarshallOfSound]

nvm I see what you're doing now 👍

[release-clerk]

Release Notes Persisted

Fixes an issue whereby a corrupted async_hooks stack would crash the renderer when throwing some errors in the renderer process.

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I was unable to backport this PR to "10-x-y" cleanly;
you will need to perform this backport manually.

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I was unable to backport this PR to "9-x-y" cleanly;
you will need to perform this backport manually.

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I have automatically backported this PR to "11-x-y", please check out #26424

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@codebytere has manually backported this PR to "10-x-y", please check out #26747

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@codebytere has manually backported this PR to "9-x-y", please check out #26748