untested, it will be easier to test when --create is released

action.yml

@@ -10,11 +10,14 @@ inputs:
     required: true
   input:
     description: The Input path.
-    default: '.'
+    default: "."
     required: false
   draft:
     description: The identifier of pushing to the BSR as a draft commit, when set to 'true' the action will push the module as draft with the branch name as draft name.
     required: false
+  create_visibility:
+    description: The visibility of the BSR repository to be created with, if one needs to be created.
+    required: false
 runs:
   using: composite
   steps:
@@ -23,4 +26,5 @@ runs:
       env:
         BUF_TOKEN: ${{ inputs.buf_token }}
         DRAFT: ${{ inputs.draft }}
+        CREATE_VISIBILITY: ${{ create_visibility }}
       run: $GITHUB_ACTION_PATH/push.bash ${{ inputs.input }}

push.bash

@@ -51,4 +51,17 @@ if [ "${DRAFT}" == "true" ]; then
   BUF_ARGS=("--draft" "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}")
 fi
 
+if [ -n "${CREATE_VISIBILITY}"]; then
+  set +e
+  BUF_HELP_OUTPUT="$("${BUF_COMMAND}" push example --create --help 2>&1)" # need to verify this
+  set -e
+  if [[ "${BUF_HELP_OUTPUT}" == *"unknown flag: --create"* ]]; then
+    fail "The installed version of buf does not support creating repositories. Please use buf v1.19.0 or newer." # TODO: check if it's in 1.19.0 when it's released
+  fi
+  if [[ "${CREATE_VISIBILITY}" != "public" && "${CREATE_VISIBILITY}" != "private" ]]; then
+    fail "Must specify --create-visibility as either 'public' or 'private'"
+  fi
+  BUF_ARGS+=("--create" "--create-visibility" "${CREATE_VISIBILITY}")
+fi
+
 BUF_TOKEN="${BUF_TOKEN}" "${BUF_COMMAND}" "push" "${BUF_INPUT}" "${BUF_ARGS[@]}"