Create the Mother of All Contracts (#1245)

* first iteration of the BIOC

* clippy fixes

* suppress unused var warning for debug fn

* suppress unused var warning 2nd try

* + tests

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <alex.theissen@me.com>

* renamed to `mother`; added storage

* refactor

* added a Mapping into contract storage

* default constructor

* reverted fix

* fix

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <alex.theissen@me.com>

* make it build (but not instantiate)

* fmt

* Update examples/mother/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <alex.theissen@me.com>

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <alex.theissen@me.com>

* reverted constructor delegation to satisfy CI (until #1259 fixed)

* added required input types

* custom event added

* CI clippy satisfaction

* trick to satisfy the CI until #1258 is fixed

* Revert "trick to satisfy the CI until #1258 is fixed"

This reverts commit 3491cfd.

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <alex.theissen@me.com>

examples/mother/.gitignore

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+# Ignore build artifacts from the local tests sub-crate.
+/target/
+
+# Ignore backup files creates by cargo fmt.
+**/*.rs.bk
+
+# Remove Cargo.lock when creating an executable, leave it for libraries
+# More information here http://doc.crates.io/guide.html#cargotoml-vs-cargolock
+Cargo.lock
+
+*~
+#*#

examples/mother/Cargo.toml

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+[package]
+name = "mother"
+description = "Mother of all contracts"
+version = "3.0.1"
+authors = ["Parity Technologies <admin@parity.io>"]
+edition = "2021"
+publish = false
+
+[dependencies]
+ink_primitives = { path = "../../crates/primitives", default-features = false }
+ink_metadata = { path = "../../crates/metadata", default-features = false, features = ["derive"], optional = true }
+ink_env = { path = "../../crates/env", default-features = false }
+ink_storage = { path = "../../crates/storage", default-features = false }
+ink_lang = { path = "../../crates/lang", default-features = false }
+ink_prelude = { path = "../../crates/prelude", default-features = false }
+
+scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["derive"] }
+scale-info = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["derive"], optional = true }
+
+[lib]
+name = "mother"
+path = "lib.rs"
+crate-type = [
+	# Used for normal contract Wasm blobs.
+	"cdylib",
+]
+
+[features]
+default = ["std"]
+std = [
+    "ink_metadata/std",
+    "ink_env/std",
+    "ink_storage/std",
+    "ink_primitives/std",
+    "scale/std",
+    "scale-info/std",
+]
+ink-as-dependency = []

examples/mother/lib.rs

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+//! # Mother of All Contracts
+//!
+//! This contracts is intended to make use of all features that are observable
+//! by off chain tooling (for example UIs). It doesn't do anything useful beyond
+//! serving off chain tooling developers with a contract to test their software against.
+//! Currently, this includes the following:
+//!
+//!   1. Use complicated nested input and ouput types.
+//!      This is done through the real use case example of data structure
+//!      needed to store a candle auction data.
+//!   2. Make contract fail with `ContractTrapped`.
+//!   3. Make contract fail with returning an Error.
+//!   4. Perform debug printing from contract into node's log.
+//!   5. Use complicated types in storage.
+
+#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]
+
+use ink_lang as ink;
+
+#[ink::contract]
+mod mother {
+    use ink_prelude::{
+        string::{
+            String,
+            ToString,
+        },
+        vec::Vec,
+    };
+
+    use ink_lang::utils::initialize_contract;
+    use ink_storage::{
+        traits::{
+            PackedLayout,
+            SpreadAllocate,
+            SpreadLayout,
+        },
+        Mapping,
+    };
+
+    use ink_storage::traits::KeyPtr;
+    /// Struct for storing winning bids per bidding sample (a block).
+    /// Vector index corresponds to sample number.
+    /// Wrapping vector just added for testing UI components.
+    #[derive(
+        Default,
+        scale::Encode,
+        scale::Decode,
+        PartialEq,
+        Debug,
+        Clone,
+        SpreadLayout,
+        PackedLayout,
+        SpreadAllocate,
+    )]
+    #[cfg_attr(
+        feature = "std",
+        derive(scale_info::TypeInfo, ink_storage::traits::StorageLayout,)
+    )]
+    pub struct Bids(Vec<Vec<Option<(AccountId, Balance)>>>);
+
+    /// Auction outline.
+    #[derive(
+        scale::Encode, scale::Decode, PartialEq, Debug, Clone, SpreadLayout, PackedLayout,
+    )]
+    #[cfg_attr(
+        feature = "std",
+        derive(scale_info::TypeInfo, ink_storage::traits::StorageLayout,)
+    )]
+    pub enum Outline {
+        NoWinner,
+        WinnerDetected,
+        PayoutCompleted,
+    }
+
+    /// Auction statuses.
+    /// Logic inspired by
+    /// [Parachain Auction](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot/blob/master/runtime/common/src/traits.rs#L160)
+    #[derive(
+        scale::Encode, scale::Decode, PartialEq, Debug, Clone, SpreadLayout, PackedLayout,
+    )]
+    #[cfg_attr(
+        feature = "std",
+        derive(scale_info::TypeInfo, ink_storage::traits::StorageLayout,)
+    )]
+    pub enum Status {
+        /// An auction has not started yet.
+        NotStarted,
+        /// We are in the starting period of the auction, collecting initial bids.
+        OpeningPeriod,
+        /// We are in the ending period of the auction, where we are taking snapshots of the winning
+        /// bids. Snapshots are taken currently on per-block basis, but this logic could be later evolve
+        /// to take snapshots of on arbitrary length (in blocks)
+        EndingPeriod(BlockNumber),
+        /// Candle was blown
+        Ended(Outline),
+        /// We have completed the bidding process and are waiting for the Random Function to return some acceptable
+        /// randomness to select the winner. The number represents how many blocks we have been waiting.
+        RfDelay(BlockNumber),
+    }
+
+    impl SpreadAllocate for Status {
+        #[inline]
+        fn allocate_spread(ptr: &mut KeyPtr) -> Self {
+            ptr.advance_by(<BlockNumber>::FOOTPRINT * 2);
+            Self::NotStarted
+        }
+    }
+    /// Struct for storing auction data.
+    #[derive(
+        Debug,
+        PartialEq,
+        scale::Encode,
+        scale::Decode,
+        Clone,
+        SpreadLayout,
+        PackedLayout,
+        SpreadAllocate,
+    )]
+    #[cfg_attr(
+        feature = "std",
+        derive(scale_info::TypeInfo, ink_storage::traits::StorageLayout,)
+    )]
+    pub struct Auction {
+        /// Branded name of the auction event
+        name: String,
+        /// Some hash identifiyng the auction subject
+        subject: Hash,
+        /// Structure storing the bids being made
+        bids: Bids,
+        /// Auction terms encoded as:
+        /// [start_block, opening_period, closing_period]
+        terms: [BlockNumber; 3],
+        /// Auction status
+        status: Status,
+        /// Candle auction can have no winner.
+        /// If auction is finalized, that means that the winner is determined.
+        finalized: bool,
+        /// Just a vector for UI tests
+        vector: Vec<u8>,
+    }
+
+    impl Default for Auction {
+        fn default() -> Auction {
+            Auction {
+                name: String::default(),
+                subject: Hash::default(),
+                bids: Bids::default(),
+                terms: <[BlockNumber; 3]>::default(),
+                status: Status::OpeningPeriod,
+                finalized: false,
+                vector: <Vec<u8>>::default(),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Way to fail a contract execution.
+    #[derive(scale::Encode, scale::Decode, Debug, PartialEq)]
+    #[cfg_attr(feature = "std", derive(scale_info::TypeInfo))]
+    pub enum Failure {
+        Revert(String),
+        Panic,
+    }
+
+    /// Event emitted when an auction being echoed.
+    #[ink(event)]
+    pub struct AuctionEchoed {
+        auction: Auction,
+    }
+
+    /// Storage of the contract.
+    #[ink(storage)]
+    #[derive(Default, SpreadAllocate)]
+    pub struct Mother {
+        auction: Auction,
+        balances: Mapping<AccountId, Balance>,
+    }
+
+    impl Mother {
+        #[ink(constructor)]
+        pub fn new(auction: Auction) -> Self {
+            initialize_contract(|c: &mut Self| {
+                c.balances = <Mapping<AccountId, Balance>>::default();
+                c.auction = auction;
+            })
+        }
+
+        #[ink(constructor)]
+        pub fn default() -> Self {
+            initialize_contract(|c: &mut Self| {
+                c.balances = <Mapping<AccountId, Balance>>::default();
+                c.auction = Auction::default();
+            })
+        }
+
+        /// Takes an auction data struct as input and returns it back.
+        #[ink(message)]
+        pub fn echo_auction(&mut self, auction: Auction) -> Auction {
+            self.env().emit_event(AuctionEchoed {
+                auction: auction.clone(),
+            });
+            auction
+        }
+
+        /// Fails contract execution in the required way.
+        #[ink(message)]
+        pub fn revert_or_trap(&mut self, fail: Option<Failure>) -> Result<(), Failure> {
+            match fail {
+                Some(Failure::Revert(_)) => {
+                    Err(Failure::Revert("Reverting on user demand!".to_string()))
+                }
+                Some(Failure::Panic) => {
+                    panic!("Trapping on user demand!")
+                }
+                None => Ok(()),
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// Prints the specified string into node's debug log.
+        #[ink(message)]
+        pub fn debug_log(&mut self, message: String) {
+            ink_env::debug_println!("debug_log: {}", message);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    mod tests {
+        use super::*;
+        use ink_lang as ink;
+
+        #[ink::test]
+        fn echo_auction_works() {
+            let auction = Auction::default();
+            let mut contract = Mother::default();
+            assert_eq!(contract.echo_auction(auction.clone()), auction);
+        }
+
+        #[ink::test]
+        fn revert_works() {
+            let mut contract = Mother::default();
+            assert_eq!(
+                contract.revert_or_trap(Some(Failure::Revert(
+                    "Testing reverting on demand!".to_string()
+                ))),
+                Err(Failure::Revert("Reverting on user demand!".to_string()))
+            );
+            contract
+                .revert_or_trap(None)
+                .expect("Contract unexpected failure!");
+        }
+
+        #[ink::test]
+        #[should_panic]
+        fn trap_works() {
+            let mut contract = Mother::default();
+            let _ = contract.revert_or_trap(Some(Failure::Panic));
+        }
+    }
+}