Cherry-pick PR microsoft#49233 into release-4.7 (microsoft#49244)

Component commits:
1ab6396 Fix extensions for noDtsResolution in node16/nodenext

Co-authored-by: Andrew Branch <andrew@wheream.io>

src/compiler/moduleNameResolver.ts

@@ -1288,18 +1288,22 @@ namespace ts {
         );
     }
 
+    const jsOnlyExtensions = [Extensions.JavaScript];
+    const tsExtensions = [Extensions.TypeScript, Extensions.JavaScript];
+    const tsPlusJsonExtensions = [...tsExtensions, Extensions.Json];
+    const tsconfigExtensions = [Extensions.TSConfig];
     function nodeNextModuleNameResolverWorker(features: NodeResolutionFeatures, moduleName: string, containingFile: string, compilerOptions: CompilerOptions, host: ModuleResolutionHost, cache?: ModuleResolutionCache, redirectedReference?: ResolvedProjectReference, resolutionMode?: ModuleKind.CommonJS | ModuleKind.ESNext): ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations {
         const containingDirectory = getDirectoryPath(containingFile);
 
         // es module file or cjs-like input file, use a variant of the legacy cjs resolver that supports the selected modern features
         const esmMode = resolutionMode === ModuleKind.ESNext ? NodeResolutionFeatures.EsmMode : 0;
-        return nodeModuleNameResolverWorker(features | esmMode, moduleName, containingDirectory, compilerOptions, host, cache, compilerOptions.resolveJsonModule ? tsPlusJsonExtensions : tsExtensions, redirectedReference);
+        let extensions = compilerOptions.noDtsResolution ? [Extensions.TsOnly, Extensions.JavaScript] : tsExtensions;
+        if (compilerOptions.resolveJsonModule) {
+            extensions = [...extensions, Extensions.Json];
+        }
+        return nodeModuleNameResolverWorker(features | esmMode, moduleName, containingDirectory, compilerOptions, host, cache, extensions, redirectedReference);
     }
 
-    const jsOnlyExtensions = [Extensions.JavaScript];
-    const tsExtensions = [Extensions.TypeScript, Extensions.JavaScript];
-    const tsPlusJsonExtensions = [...tsExtensions, Extensions.Json];
-    const tsconfigExtensions = [Extensions.TSConfig];
     function tryResolveJSModuleWorker(moduleName: string, initialDir: string, host: ModuleResolutionHost): ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations {
         return nodeModuleNameResolverWorker(NodeResolutionFeatures.None, moduleName, initialDir, { moduleResolution: ModuleResolutionKind.NodeJs, allowJs: true }, host, /*cache*/ undefined, jsOnlyExtensions, /*redirectedReferences*/ undefined);
     }

tests/cases/fourslash/server/goToSource13_nodenext.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/// <reference path="../fourslash.ts" />
+
+// @Filename: /node_modules/left-pad/package.json
+//// {
+////   "name": "left-pad",
+////   "version": "1.3.0",
+////   "description": "String left pad",
+////   "main": "index.js",
+////   "types": "index.d.ts"
+//// }
+
+// @Filename: /node_modules/left-pad/index.d.ts
+//// declare function leftPad(str: string|number, len: number, ch?: string|number): string;
+//// declare namespace leftPad { }
+//// export = leftPad;
+
+// @Filename: /node_modules/left-pad/index.js
+//// module.exports = leftPad;
+//// function /*end*/leftPad(str, len, ch) {}
+
+// @Filename: /tsconfig.json
+//// {
+////   "compilerOptions": {
+////       "module": "node16",
+////       "strict": true,
+////       "outDir": "./out",
+//// 
+////   }
+//// }
+
+// @Filename: /index.mts
+//// import leftPad = require("left-pad");
+//// /*start*/leftPad("", 4);
+
+verify.goToSourceDefinition("start", "end");