This adds AsyncFd, a unix-only structure to allow for read/writability states
to be monitored for arbitrary file descriptors.

Issue: tokio-rs#2728

Previously, there was a race window in which an IO driver shutting down could
fail to notify ScheduledIo instances of this state; in particular, notification
of outstanding ScheduledIo registrations was driven by `Driver::drop`, but
registrations bypass `Driver` and go directly to a `Weak<Inner>`. The `Driver`
holds the `Arc<Inner>` keeping `Inner` alive, but it's possible that a new
handle could be registered (or a new readiness future created for an existing
handle) after the `Driver::drop` handler runs and prior to `Inner` being
dropped.

This change fixes this in two parts: First, notification of outstanding
ScheduledIo handles is pushed down into the drop method of `Inner` instead,
and, second, we add state to ScheduledIo to ensure that we remember that the IO
driver we're bound to has shut down after the initial shutdown notification, so
that subsequent readiness future registrations can immediately return (instead
of potentially blocking indefinitely).

Fixes: tokio-rs#2924