Auto merge of #95897 - AzureMarker:feature/horizon-std, r=nagisa

STD support for the Nintendo 3DS

Rustc already supports compiling for the Nintendo 3DS using the `armv6k-nintendo-3ds` target (Tier 3). Until now though, only `core` and `alloc` were supported. This PR adds standard library support for the Nintendo 3DS. A notable exclusion is `std::thread` support, which will come in a follow-up PR as it requires more complicated changes.

This has been a joint effort by `@Meziu,` `@ian-h-chamberlain,` myself, and prior work by `@rust3ds` members.

### Background

The Nintendo 3DS (Horizon OS) is a mostly-UNIX looking system, with the caveat that it does not come with a full libc implementation out of the box. On the homebrew side (I'm not under NDA), the libc interface is partially implemented by the [devkitPro](https://devkitpro.org/wiki/devkitPro_pacman) toolchain and a user library like [`libctru`](https://github.com/devkitPro/libctru). This is important because there are [some possible legal barriers](rust-lang/rust#88529 (comment)) to linking directly to a library that uses the underlying platform APIs, since they might be considered a trade secret or under NDA.

To get around this, the standard library impl for the 3DS does not directly depend on any platform-level APIs. Instead, it expects standard libc functions to be linked in. The implementation of these libc functions is left to the user. Some functions are provided by the devkitPro toolchain, but in our testing, we used the following to fill in the other functions:
- [`libctru`] - provides more basic APIs, such as `nanosleep`. Linked in by way of [`ctru-sys`](https://github.com/Meziu/ctru-rs/tree/master/ctru-sys).
- [`pthread-3ds`](https://github.com/Meziu/pthread-3ds) - provides pthread APIs for `std::thread`. Implemented using [`libctru`].
- [`linker-fix-3ds`](https://github.com/Meziu/rust-linker-fix-3ds) - fulfills some other missing libc APIs. Implemented using [`libctru`].

For more details, see the `src/doc/rustc/src/platform-support/armv6k-nintendo-3ds.md` file added in this PR.

### Notes
We've already upstreamed changes to the [`libc`] crate to support this PR, as well as the upcoming threading PR. These changes have all been released as of 0.2.121, so we bump the crate version in this PR.
Edit: After some rebases, the version bump has already been merged so it doesn't appear in this PR.

A lot of the changes in this PR are straightforward, and follow in the footsteps of the ESP-IDF target: rust-lang/rust#87666.

The 3DS does not support user space process spawning, so these APIs are unimplemented (similar to ESP-IDF).

[`libctru`]: https://github.com/devkitPro/libctru
[`libc`]: https://github.com/rust-lang/libc

core/src/ffi/mod.rs

@@ -143,7 +143,8 @@ mod c_char_definition {
                     target_arch = "powerpc"
                 )
             ),
-            all(target_os = "fuchsia", target_arch = "aarch64")
+            all(target_os = "fuchsia", target_arch = "aarch64"),
+            target_os = "horizon"
         ))] {
             pub type c_char = u8;
             pub type NonZero_c_char = crate::num::NonZeroU8;

std/build.rs

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ fn main() {
         || target.contains("asmjs")
         || target.contains("espidf")
         || target.contains("solid")
+        || target.contains("nintendo-3ds")
     {
         // These platforms don't have any special requirements.
     } else {

std/src/os/horizon/fs.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#![stable(feature = "metadata_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+
+use crate::fs::Metadata;
+use crate::sys_common::AsInner;
+
+/// OS-specific extensions to [`fs::Metadata`].
+///
+/// [`fs::Metadata`]: crate::fs::Metadata
+#[stable(feature = "metadata_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+pub trait MetadataExt {
+    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext2", since = "1.8.0")]
+    fn st_dev(&self) -> u64;
+    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext2", since = "1.8.0")]
+    fn st_ino(&self) -> u64;
+    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext2", since = "1.8.0")]
+    fn st_mode(&self) -> u32;
+    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext2", since = "1.8.0")]
+    fn st_nlink(&self) -> u64;
+    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext2", since = "1.8.0")]
+    fn st_uid(&self) -> u32;
+    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext2", since = "1.8.0")]
+    fn st_gid(&self) -> u32;
+    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext2", since = "1.8.0")]
+    fn st_rdev(&self) -> u64;
+    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext2", since = "1.8.0")]
+    fn st_size(&self) -> u64;
+    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext2", since = "1.8.0")]
+    fn st_atime(&self) -> i64;
+    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext2", since = "1.8.0")]
+    fn st_atime_nsec(&self) -> i64;
+    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext2", since = "1.8.0")]
+    fn st_mtime(&self) -> i64;
+    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext2", since = "1.8.0")]
+    fn st_mtime_nsec(&self) -> i64;
+    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext2", since = "1.8.0")]
+    fn st_ctime(&self) -> i64;
+    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext2", since = "1.8.0")]
+    fn st_ctime_nsec(&self) -> i64;
+    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext2", since = "1.8.0")]
+    fn st_blksize(&self) -> u64;
+    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext2", since = "1.8.0")]
+    fn st_blocks(&self) -> u64;
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "metadata_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+impl MetadataExt for Metadata {
+    fn st_dev(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.as_inner().as_inner().st_dev as u64
+    }
+    fn st_ino(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.as_inner().as_inner().st_ino as u64
+    }
+    fn st_mode(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.as_inner().as_inner().st_mode as u32
+    }
+    fn st_nlink(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.as_inner().as_inner().st_nlink as u64
+    }
+    fn st_uid(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.as_inner().as_inner().st_uid as u32
+    }
+    fn st_gid(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.as_inner().as_inner().st_gid as u32
+    }
+    fn st_rdev(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.as_inner().as_inner().st_rdev as u64
+    }
+    fn st_size(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.as_inner().as_inner().st_size as u64
+    }
+    fn st_atime(&self) -> i64 {
+        self.as_inner().as_inner().st_atim.tv_sec
+    }
+    fn st_atime_nsec(&self) -> i64 {
+        self.as_inner().as_inner().st_atim.tv_nsec as i64
+    }
+    fn st_mtime(&self) -> i64 {
+        self.as_inner().as_inner().st_mtim.tv_sec
+    }
+    fn st_mtime_nsec(&self) -> i64 {
+        self.as_inner().as_inner().st_mtim.tv_nsec as i64
+    }
+    fn st_ctime(&self) -> i64 {
+        self.as_inner().as_inner().st_ctim.tv_sec
+    }
+    fn st_ctime_nsec(&self) -> i64 {
+        self.as_inner().as_inner().st_ctim.tv_nsec as i64
+    }
+    fn st_blksize(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.as_inner().as_inner().st_blksize as u64
+    }
+    fn st_blocks(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.as_inner().as_inner().st_blocks as u64
+    }
+}

std/src/os/horizon/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//! Definitions for Horizon OS
+
+#![stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+
+pub mod fs;
+pub(crate) mod raw;

std/src/os/horizon/raw.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+//! Horizon OS raw type definitions
+
+#![stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+#![deprecated(
+    since = "1.8.0",
+    note = "these type aliases are no longer supported by \
+            the standard library, the `libc` crate on \
+            crates.io should be used instead for the correct \
+            definitions"
+)]
+#![allow(deprecated)]
+
+use crate::os::raw::c_long;
+use crate::os::unix::raw::{gid_t, uid_t};
+
+#[stable(feature = "pthread_t", since = "1.8.0")]
+pub type pthread_t = libc::pthread_t;
+
+#[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+pub type blkcnt_t = libc::blkcnt_t;
+
+#[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+pub type blksize_t = libc::blksize_t;
+#[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+pub type dev_t = libc::dev_t;
+#[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+pub type ino_t = libc::ino_t;
+#[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+pub type mode_t = libc::mode_t;
+#[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+pub type nlink_t = libc::nlink_t;
+#[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+pub type off_t = libc::off_t;
+
+#[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+pub type time_t = libc::time_t;
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone)]
+#[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+pub struct stat {
+    #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+    pub st_dev: dev_t,
+    #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+    pub st_ino: ino_t,
+    #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+    pub st_mode: mode_t,
+    #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+    pub st_nlink: nlink_t,
+    #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+    pub st_uid: uid_t,
+    #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+    pub st_gid: gid_t,
+    #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+    pub st_rdev: dev_t,
+    #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+    pub st_size: off_t,
+    #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+    pub st_atime: time_t,
+    #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+    pub st_mtime: time_t,
+    #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+    pub st_ctime: time_t,
+    #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+    pub st_blksize: blksize_t,
+    #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+    pub st_blocks: blkcnt_t,
+    #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+    pub st_spare4: [c_long; 2usize],
+}

std/src/os/mod.rs

@@ -123,6 +123,8 @@ pub mod freebsd;
 pub mod fuchsia;
 #[cfg(target_os = "haiku")]
 pub mod haiku;
+#[cfg(target_os = "horizon")]
+pub mod horizon;
 #[cfg(target_os = "illumos")]
 pub mod illumos;
 #[cfg(target_os = "ios")]

std/src/os/unix/mod.rs

@@ -51,6 +51,8 @@ mod platform {
     pub use crate::os::fuchsia::*;
     #[cfg(target_os = "haiku")]
     pub use crate::os::haiku::*;
+    #[cfg(target_os = "horizon")]
+    pub use crate::os::horizon::*;
     #[cfg(target_os = "illumos")]
     pub use crate::os::illumos::*;
     #[cfg(target_os = "ios")]

std/src/os/unix/process.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,16 @@ use crate::sealed::Sealed;
 use crate::sys;
 use crate::sys_common::{AsInner, AsInnerMut, FromInner, IntoInner};
 
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "vxworks", target_os = "espidf", target_os = "horizon")))]
+type UserId = u32;
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "vxworks", target_os = "espidf", target_os = "horizon")))]
+type GroupId = u32;
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "vxworks", target_os = "espidf", target_os = "horizon"))]
+type UserId = u16;
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "vxworks", target_os = "espidf", target_os = "horizon"))]
+type GroupId = u16;
+
 /// Unix-specific extensions to the [`process::Command`] builder.
 ///
 /// This trait is sealed: it cannot be implemented outside the standard library.
@@ -22,29 +32,17 @@ pub trait CommandExt: Sealed {
     /// `setuid` call in the child process. Failure in the `setuid`
     /// call will cause the spawn to fail.
     #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
-    fn uid(
-        &mut self,
-        #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "vxworks", target_os = "espidf")))] id: u32,
-        #[cfg(any(target_os = "vxworks", target_os = "espidf"))] id: u16,
-    ) -> &mut process::Command;
+    fn uid(&mut self, id: UserId) -> &mut process::Command;
 
     /// Similar to `uid`, but sets the group ID of the child process. This has
     /// the same semantics as the `uid` field.
     #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
-    fn gid(
-        &mut self,
-        #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "vxworks", target_os = "espidf")))] id: u32,
-        #[cfg(any(target_os = "vxworks", target_os = "espidf"))] id: u16,
-    ) -> &mut process::Command;
+    fn gid(&mut self, id: GroupId) -> &mut process::Command;
 
     /// Sets the supplementary group IDs for the calling process. Translates to
     /// a `setgroups` call in the child process.
     #[unstable(feature = "setgroups", issue = "90747")]
-    fn groups(
-        &mut self,
-        #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "vxworks", target_os = "espidf")))] groups: &[u32],
-        #[cfg(any(target_os = "vxworks", target_os = "espidf"))] groups: &[u16],
-    ) -> &mut process::Command;
+    fn groups(&mut self, groups: &[GroupId]) -> &mut process::Command;
 
     /// Schedules a closure to be run just before the `exec` function is
     /// invoked.
@@ -158,29 +156,17 @@ pub trait CommandExt: Sealed {
 
 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl CommandExt for process::Command {
-    fn uid(
-        &mut self,
-        #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "vxworks", target_os = "espidf")))] id: u32,
-        #[cfg(any(target_os = "vxworks", target_os = "espidf"))] id: u16,
-    ) -> &mut process::Command {
+    fn uid(&mut self, id: UserId) -> &mut process::Command {
         self.as_inner_mut().uid(id);
         self
     }
 
-    fn gid(
-        &mut self,
-        #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "vxworks", target_os = "espidf")))] id: u32,
-        #[cfg(any(target_os = "vxworks", target_os = "espidf"))] id: u16,
-    ) -> &mut process::Command {
+    fn gid(&mut self, id: GroupId) -> &mut process::Command {
         self.as_inner_mut().gid(id);
         self
     }
 
-    fn groups(
-        &mut self,
-        #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "vxworks", target_os = "espidf")))] groups: &[u32],
-        #[cfg(any(target_os = "vxworks", target_os = "espidf"))] groups: &[u16],
-    ) -> &mut process::Command {
+    fn groups(&mut self, groups: &[GroupId]) -> &mut process::Command {
         self.as_inner_mut().groups(groups);
         self
     }

std/src/sys/unix/alloc.rs

@@ -58,7 +58,8 @@ cfg_if::cfg_if! {
         target_os = "illumos",
         target_os = "redox",
         target_os = "solaris",
-        target_os = "espidf"
+        target_os = "espidf",
+        target_os = "horizon"
     ))] {
         #[inline]
         unsafe fn aligned_malloc(layout: &Layout) -> *mut u8 {

std/src/sys/unix/args.rs

@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ impl DoubleEndedIterator for Args {
     target_os = "l4re",
     target_os = "fuchsia",
     target_os = "redox",
-    target_os = "vxworks"
+    target_os = "vxworks",
+    target_os = "horizon"
 ))]
 mod imp {
     use super::Args;

std/src/sys/unix/env.rs

@@ -119,6 +119,17 @@ pub mod os {
     pub const EXE_EXTENSION: &str = "";
 }
 
+#[cfg(target_os = "horizon")]
+pub mod os {
+    pub const FAMILY: &str = "unix";
+    pub const OS: &str = "horizon";
+    pub const DLL_PREFIX: &str = "lib";
+    pub const DLL_SUFFIX: &str = ".so";
+    pub const DLL_EXTENSION: &str = "so";
+    pub const EXE_SUFFIX: &str = ".elf";
+    pub const EXE_EXTENSION: &str = "elf";
+}
+
 #[cfg(all(target_os = "emscripten", target_arch = "asmjs"))]
 pub mod os {
     pub const FAMILY: &str = "unix";