Migrate st_latex to st_markdown (#8682)

## Describe your changes

## GitHub Issue Link (if applicable)

## Testing Plan

- Explanation of why no additional tests are needed
- Unit Tests (JS and/or Python)
- E2E Tests
- Any manual testing needed?

---

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e2e_playwright/st_markdown.py

@@ -179,3 +179,24 @@ def draw_header_test(join_output):
         st.text_input("This is a label", key="2")
 
 "---"
+
+st.latex(r"\LaTeX")
+
+try:
+    import sympy
+
+    a, b = sympy.symbols("a b")
+    out = a + b
+except:
+    out = "a + b"
+
+st.latex(out)
+
+st.latex(
+    r"""
+    a + ar + a r^2 + a r^3 + \cdots + a r^{n-1} =
+    \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} ar^k =
+    a \left(\frac{1-r^{n}}{1-r}\right)
+    """,
+    help="This is example tooltip displayed on latex.",
+)

e2e_playwright/st_markdown_test.py

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def test_different_markdown_elements_in_one_block_displayed(
 
     markdown_elements = themed_app.get_by_test_id("stMarkdown")
 
-    expect(markdown_elements).to_have_count(50)
+    expect(markdown_elements).to_have_count(53)
 
     # Snapshot one big markdown block containing a variety of elements to reduce number of snapshots
     multi_markdown_format_container = markdown_elements.nth(14)
@@ -197,3 +197,12 @@ def test_help_tooltip_works(app: Page):
 
     expect(tooltip_content).to_be_visible()
     expect(tooltip_content).to_have_text("This is a help tooltip!")
+
+
+def test_latex_elements(themed_app: Page, assert_snapshot: ImageCompareFunction):
+    expect(themed_app.get_by_test_id("stMarkdown").nth(50)).to_contain_text("LATE​X")
+    expect(themed_app.get_by_test_id("stMarkdown").nth(51)).to_contain_text("a + b")
+    latex_elements = themed_app.get_by_test_id("stMarkdown")
+
+    for i in range(50, 53):
+        assert_snapshot(latex_elements.nth(i), name=f"st_latex-{i}")