Bump TypeScript to ~5.4.x in smithy JS packages

[trivikr]

Issue #, if available:

TypeScript releases:

• 5.0 https://devblogs.microsoft.com/typescript/announcing-typescript-5-0/
• 5.1 https://devblogs.microsoft.com/typescript/announcing-typescript-5-1/
• 5.2 https://devblogs.microsoft.com/typescript/announcing-typescript-5-2/
• 5.3 https://devblogs.microsoft.com/typescript/announcing-typescript-5-3/
• 5.4 https://devblogs.microsoft.com/typescript/announcing-typescript-5-4/

Description of changes:
Bump TypeScript to ~5.4.x in smithy JS packages

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[trivikr]

The karma tests are failing even after bumping to 5.4.5

$ hash-blob-browser> yarn test
10 05 2024 15:28:15.612:INFO [compiler.karma-typescript]: Compiling project using Typescript 5.4.5
10 05 2024 15:28:18.963:INFO [compiler.karma-typescript]: Compiled 10 files in 3340 ms.
10 05 2024 15:28:19.874:INFO [karma-server]: Karma v6.4.3 server started at http://localhost:9876/
10 05 2024 15:28:19.874:INFO [launcher]: Launching browsers ChromeHeadlessNoSandbox with concurrency unlimited
10 05 2024 15:28:19.877:INFO [launcher]: Starting browser ChromeHeadless
10 05 2024 15:28:20.043:INFO [Chrome Headless 113.0.5672.126 (Linux x86_64)]: Connected on socket juFy_dpZniJlL0_bAAAB with id 94162323
Chrome Headless 113.0.5672.126 (Linux x86_64) ERROR
  An error was thrown in afterAll
  Uncaught ReferenceError: exports is not defined
  ReferenceError: exports is not defined
      at src/index.js:2:5879
  Uncaught ReferenceError: exports is not defined
  ReferenceError: exports is not defined
      at src/index.spec.js:38:23
Chrome Headless 113.0.5672.126 (Linux x86_64): Executed 0 of 0 ERROR (0 secs / 0 secs)
Chrome Headless 113.0.5672.126 (Linux x86_64) ERROR
  An error was thrown in afterAll
  Uncaught ReferenceError: exports is not defined
  ReferenceError: exports is not defined
      at src/index.js:2:5879
  Uncaught ReferenceError: exports is not defined
  ReferenceError: exports is not defined
Chrome Headless 113.0.5672.126 (Linux x86_64): Executed 0 of 0 ERROR (0.009 secs / 0 secs)

This is a simple test, and the fix does not look straightforward.
Since karma is deprecated since April 2023, I don't think bug reports will be entertained.

If fixing the test is difficult, an alternative would be to switch karma tests to Web Test Runner, but disable running them in unsupported Node.js 16.x

[trivikr]

The karma tests don't fail in 5.2.2

10 05 2024 16:30:00.821:INFO [compiler.karma-typescript]: Compiling project using Typescript 5.2.2
10 05 2024 16:30:03.991:INFO [compiler.karma-typescript]: Compiled 10 files in 3160 ms.
10 05 2024 16:30:04.571:INFO [bundler.karma-typescript]: Bundled imports for 2 file(s) in 79 ms.
10 05 2024 16:30:04.971:INFO [karma-server]: Karma v6.4.3 server started at http://localhost:9876/
10 05 2024 16:30:04.971:INFO [launcher]: Launching browsers ChromeHeadlessNoSandbox with concurrency unlimited
10 05 2024 16:30:04.974:INFO [launcher]: Starting browser ChromeHeadless
10 05 2024 16:30:05.156:INFO [Chrome Headless 113.0.5672.126 (Linux x86_64)]: Connected on socket 7LLsvyY3-c3AqBhNAAAB with id 56571753
Chrome Headless 113.0.5672.126 (Linux x86_64): Executed 1 of 1 SUCCESS (0.013 secs / 0.005 secs)
TOTAL: 1 SUCCESS

I'll post a separate PR for it