Avoid starvation from FuturesUnordered::poll_next

futures-util/src/stream/futures_unordered/mod.rs

@@ -39,6 +39,23 @@ use self::ready_to_run_queue::{ReadyToRunQueue, Dequeue};
 /// without running out of ram.
 const TERMINATED_SENTINEL_LENGTH: usize = usize::max_value();
 
+/// Constant used for a `FuturesUnordered` to determine how many times it is
+/// allowed to poll underlying futures without yielding.
+///
+/// A single call to `poll_next` may potentially do a lot of work before
+/// yielding. This happens in particular if the underlying futures are awoken
+/// frequently but continue to return `Pending`. This is problematic if other
+/// tasks are waiting on the executor, since they do not get to run. This value
+/// caps the number of calls to `poll` on underlying futures a single call to
+/// `poll_next` is allowed to make.
+///
+/// The value itself is chosen somewhat arbitrarily. It needs to be high enough
+/// that amortize wakeup and scheduling costs, but low enough that we do not
+/// starve other tasks for long.
+///
+/// See also https://github.com/rust-lang/futures-rs/issues/2047.
+const YIELD_EVERY: usize = 32;
+
 /// A set of futures which may complete in any order.
 ///
 /// This structure is optimized to manage a large number of futures.
@@ -313,6 +330,10 @@ impl<Fut: Future> Stream for FuturesUnordered<Fut> {
     fn poll_next(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>)
         -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>>
     {
+        // Keep track of how many child futures we have polled,
+        // in case we want to forcibly yield.
+        let mut polled = 0;
+
         // Ensure `parent` is correctly set.
         self.ready_to_run_queue.waker.register(cx.waker());
 
@@ -433,11 +454,20 @@ impl<Fut: Future> Stream for FuturesUnordered<Fut> {
 
                 future.poll(&mut cx)
             };
+            polled += 1;
 
             match res {
                 Poll::Pending => {
                     let task = bomb.task.take().unwrap();
                     bomb.queue.link(task);
+
+                    if polled == YIELD_EVERY {
+                        // We have polled a large number of futures in a row without yielding.
+                        // To ensure we do not starve other tasks waiting on the executor,
+                        // we yield here, but immediately wake ourselves up to continue.
+                        cx.waker().wake_by_ref();
+                        return Poll::Pending;
+                    }
                     continue
                 }
                 Poll::Ready(output) => {