[Fix #9588] Fix causing a variable to be shadowed from outside the rescue block

changelog/fix_causing_a_variable_to_be_shadowed.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* [#9588](https://github.com/rubocop/rubocop/issues/9588): Fix causing a variable to be shadowed from outside the rescue block in the logic of Naming/RescuedExceptionsVariableName. ([@lilisako][])

lib/rubocop/cop/naming/rescued_exceptions_variable_name.rb

@@ -75,6 +75,9 @@ def on_resbody(node)
           preferred_name = preferred_name(offending_name)
           return if preferred_name.to_sym == offending_name
 
+          # check variable shadowing for exception variable
+          return if shadowed_variable_name?(node)
+
           range = offense_range(node)
           message = message(node)
 
@@ -150,6 +153,10 @@ def message(node)
           preferred_name = preferred_name(offending_name)
           format(MSG, preferred: preferred_name, bad: offending_name)
         end
+
+        def shadowed_variable_name?(node)
+          node.each_descendant(:lvar).any? { |n| n.children.first.to_s == preferred_name(n) }
+        end
       end
     end
   end

spec/rubocop/cop/naming/rescued_exceptions_variable_name_spec.rb

@@ -130,6 +130,19 @@
         end
       end
 
+      context 'shadowing an external variable' do
+        it 'does not register an offense' do
+          expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
+            e = 'error message'
+            begin
+              something
+            rescue StandardError => e1
+              log(e, e1)
+            end
+          RUBY
+        end
+      end
+
       context 'with lower letters class name' do
         it 'does not register an offense' do
           expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)