Improve encoding of TIFF tags

- Pass tagtype from v2 directory to libtiff encoder, instead of
autodetecting type.
- Use explicit types. E.g. uint32_t for TIFF_LONG to fix issues on
platforms with 64bit longs.
- Add support for multiple values (arrays). Requires type in v2
directory and values must be passed as a tuple.
- Add support for signed types (e.g. TIFFTypes.TIFF_SIGNED_SHORT).

Tests/test_file_libtiff.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 from PIL import features
 from PIL._util import py3
 
+from collections import namedtuple
 from ctypes import c_float
 import io
 import logging
@@ -235,12 +236,39 @@ def test_additional_metadata(self):
         TiffImagePlugin.WRITE_LIBTIFF = False
 
     def test_custom_metadata(self):
+        tc = namedtuple("test_case", "value,type,supported_by_default")
         custom = {
-            37000: [4, TiffTags.SHORT],
-            37001: [4.2, TiffTags.RATIONAL],
-            37002: ["custom tag value", TiffTags.ASCII],
-            37003: [u"custom tag value", TiffTags.ASCII],
-            37004: [b"custom tag value", TiffTags.BYTE],
+            37000 + k: v
+            for k, v in enumerate(
+                [
+                    tc(4, TiffTags.SHORT, True),
+                    tc(123456789, TiffTags.LONG, True),
+                    tc(-4, TiffTags.SIGNED_BYTE, False),
+                    tc(-4, TiffTags.SIGNED_SHORT, False),
+                    tc(-123456789, TiffTags.SIGNED_LONG, False),
+                    tc(TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational(4, 7), TiffTags.RATIONAL, True),
+                    tc(4.25, TiffTags.FLOAT, True),
+                    tc(4.25, TiffTags.DOUBLE, True),
+                    tc("custom tag value", TiffTags.ASCII, True),
+                    tc(u"custom tag value", TiffTags.ASCII, True),
+                    tc(b"custom tag value", TiffTags.BYTE, True),
+                    tc((4, 5, 6), TiffTags.SHORT, True),
+                    tc((123456789, 9, 34, 234, 219387, 92432323), TiffTags.LONG, True),
+                    tc((-4, 9, 10), TiffTags.SIGNED_BYTE, False),
+                    tc((-4, 5, 6), TiffTags.SIGNED_SHORT, False),
+                    tc(
+                        (-123456789, 9, 34, 234, 219387, -92432323),
+                        TiffTags.SIGNED_LONG,
+                        False,
+                    ),
+                    tc((4.25, 5.25), TiffTags.FLOAT, True),
+                    tc((4.25, 5.25), TiffTags.DOUBLE, True),
+                    # array of TIFF_BYTE requires bytes instead of tuple for backwards
+                    # compatibility
+                    tc(bytes([4]), TiffTags.BYTE, True),
+                    tc(bytes((4, 9, 10)), TiffTags.BYTE, True),
+                ]
+            )
         }
 
         libtiff_version = TiffImagePlugin._libtiff_version()
@@ -263,8 +291,13 @@ def check_tags(tiffinfo):
                 reloaded = Image.open(out)
                 for tag, value in tiffinfo.items():
                     reloaded_value = reloaded.tag_v2[tag]
-                    if isinstance(reloaded_value, TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational):
-                        reloaded_value = float(reloaded_value)
+                    if (
+                        isinstance(reloaded_value, TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)
+                        and libtiff
+                    ):
+                        # libtiff does not support real RATIONALS
+                        self.assertAlmostEqual(float(reloaded_value), float(value))
+                        continue
 
                     if libtiff and isinstance(value, bytes):
                         value = value.decode()
@@ -274,12 +307,19 @@ def check_tags(tiffinfo):
             # Test with types
             ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()
             for tag, tagdata in custom.items():
-                ifd[tag] = tagdata[0]
-                ifd.tagtype[tag] = tagdata[1]
+                ifd[tag] = tagdata.value
+                ifd.tagtype[tag] = tagdata.type
             check_tags(ifd)
 
-            # Test without types
-            check_tags({tag: tagdata[0] for tag, tagdata in custom.items()})
+            # Test without types. This only works for some types, int for example are
+            # always encoded as LONG and not SIGNED_LONG.
+            check_tags(
+                {
+                    tag: tagdata.value
+                    for tag, tagdata in custom.items()
+                    if tagdata.supported_by_default
+                }
+            )
         TiffImagePlugin.WRITE_LIBTIFF = False
 
     def test_int_dpi(self):

docs/handbook/image-file-formats.rst

@@ -716,14 +716,20 @@ The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.save` method can take the following keyword argum
     :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1` object may
     be passed in this field. However, this is deprecated.
 
-    .. versionadded:: 3.0.0
-
- .. note::
+    .. versionadded:: 5.4.0
 
-    Only some tags are currently supported when writing using
+    Previous versions only supported some tags when writing using
     libtiff. The supported list is found in
     :py:attr:`~PIL:TiffTags.LIBTIFF_CORE`.
 
+    .. versionadded:: 6.1.0
+
+    Added support for signed types (e.g. ``TIFF_SIGNED_LONG``) and multiple values.
+    Multiple values for a single tag must be to
+    :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2` as a tuple and
+    require a matching type in
+    :py:attr:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2.tagtype` tagtype.
+
 **compression**
     A string containing the desired compression method for the
     file. (valid only with libtiff installed) Valid compression

src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py

@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@
 Y_RESOLUTION = 283
 PLANAR_CONFIGURATION = 284
 RESOLUTION_UNIT = 296
+TRANSFERFUNCTION = 301
 SOFTWARE = 305
 DATE_TIME = 306
 ARTIST = 315
@@ -108,6 +109,7 @@
 EXTRASAMPLES = 338
 SAMPLEFORMAT = 339
 JPEGTABLES = 347
+REFERENCEBLACKWHITE = 532
 COPYRIGHT = 33432
 IPTC_NAA_CHUNK = 33723  # newsphoto properties
 PHOTOSHOP_CHUNK = 34377  # photoshop properties
@@ -1538,9 +1540,21 @@ def _save(im, fp, filename):
             except io.UnsupportedOperation:
                 pass
 
+        # optional types for non core tags
+        types = {}
         # STRIPOFFSETS and STRIPBYTECOUNTS are added by the library
         # based on the data in the strip.
-        blocklist = [STRIPOFFSETS, STRIPBYTECOUNTS]
+        # The other tags expect arrays with a certain length (fixed or depending on
+        # BITSPERSAMPLE, etc), passing arrays with a different length will result in
+        # segfaults. Block these tags until we add extra validation.
+        blocklist = [
+            COLORMAP,
+            REFERENCEBLACKWHITE,
+            STRIPBYTECOUNTS,
+            STRIPOFFSETS,
+            TRANSFERFUNCTION,
+        ]
+
         atts = {}
         # bits per sample is a single short in the tiff directory, not a list.
         atts[BITSPERSAMPLE] = bits[0]
@@ -1555,15 +1569,19 @@ def _save(im, fp, filename):
         ):
             # Libtiff can only process certain core items without adding
             # them to the custom dictionary.
-            # Support for custom items has only been been added
-            # for int, float, unicode, string and byte values
+            # Custom items are supported for int, float, unicode, string and byte
+            # values. Other types and tuples require a tagtype.
             if tag not in TiffTags.LIBTIFF_CORE:
                 if TiffTags.lookup(tag).type == TiffTags.UNDEFINED:
                     continue
-                if (
-                    distutils.version.StrictVersion(_libtiff_version())
-                    < distutils.version.StrictVersion("4.0")
-                ) or not (
+                if distutils.version.StrictVersion(
+                    _libtiff_version()
+                ) < distutils.version.StrictVersion("4.0"):
+                    continue
+
+                if tag in ifd.tagtype:
+                    types[tag] = ifd.tagtype[tag]
+                elif not (
                     isinstance(value, (int, float, str, bytes))
                     or (not py3 and isinstance(value, unicode))  # noqa: F821
                 ):
@@ -1586,7 +1604,7 @@ def _save(im, fp, filename):
         if im.mode in ("I;16B", "I;16"):
             rawmode = "I;16N"
 
-        a = (rawmode, compression, _fp, filename, atts)
+        a = (rawmode, compression, _fp, filename, atts, types)
         e = Image._getencoder(im.mode, "libtiff", a, im.encoderconfig)
         e.setimage(im.im, (0, 0) + im.size)
         while True: