Add event API

[jack-berg]

Resolves #4714.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Base: 90.78% // Head: 90.76% // Decreases project coverage by -0.02% ⚠️

Coverage data is based on head (5301ae5) compared to base (a1cf20d).
Patch coverage: 92.10% of modified lines in pull request are covered.

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##               main    #4781      +/-   ##
============================================
- Coverage     90.78%   90.76%   -0.03%     
- Complexity     4822     4835      +13     
============================================
  Files           554      554              
  Lines         14383    14414      +31     
  Branches       1397     1399       +2     
============================================
+ Hits          13058    13083      +25     
- Misses          909      911       +2     
- Partials        416      420       +4     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
...java/io/opentelemetry/api/logs/LoggerProvider.java	100.00% <ø> (ø)
...io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/SdkLogRecordBuilder.java	97.36% <ø> (ø)
.../opentelemetry/api/logs/DefaultLoggerProvider.java	91.66% <87.50%> (-8.34%)	⬇️
...main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/SdkLogger.java	90.00% <87.50%> (-10.00%)	⬇️
.../java/io/opentelemetry/api/logs/DefaultLogger.java	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...va/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/SdkLoggerBuilder.java	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...metry/sdk/metrics/export/PeriodicMetricReader.java	87.14% <0.00%> (-2.86%)	⬇️
...metry/sdk/logs/export/BatchLogRecordProcessor.java	88.97% <0.00%> (-0.74%)	⬇️
...opentelemetry/opentracingshim/SpanBuilderShim.java	77.89% <0.00%> (ø)
... and 3 more

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[jkwatson]

I'm not 100% convinced that this API will end up being particularly user-friendly, but I'd like to get it into the project and try it out and see how it feels when used "in anger" before I pass final judgement on it.

[jack-berg]

I'm not 100% convinced that this API will end up being particularly user-friendly

We'll see how it goes! I'm not particularly fond of having to use a bunch of Logger* classes to emit events. Maybe we can alleviate confusion through good documentation, maybe not. I hope this prototype produces the type of feedback we need to improve our comfort with this design, or change course.