Fix series.str.startswith(tuple) (pandas-dev#48587)

* accept both str and tuple[str, ...] in series.str.(starts|ends)with

also add type hints and update doc strings to note pat accepts tuple

* parametrize test_startswith() and test_endswith() to include pat as tuple

* change na type hint to Scalar | None + add tuple usage examples

pandas/core/strings/accessor.py

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 from pandas._typing import (
     DtypeObj,
     F,
+    Scalar,
 )
 from pandas.util._decorators import (
     Appender,
@@ -2288,16 +2289,19 @@ def count(self, pat, flags=0):
         return self._wrap_result(result, returns_string=False)
 
     @forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
-    def startswith(self, pat, na=None):
+    def startswith(
+        self, pat: str | tuple[str, ...], na: Scalar | None = None
+    ) -> Series | Index:
         """
         Test if the start of each string element matches a pattern.
 
         Equivalent to :meth:`str.startswith`.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
-        pat : str
-            Character sequence. Regular expressions are not accepted.
+        pat : str or tuple[str, ...]
+            Character sequence or tuple of strings. Regular expressions are not
+            accepted.
         na : object, default NaN
             Object shown if element tested is not a string. The default depends
             on dtype of the array. For object-dtype, ``numpy.nan`` is used.
@@ -2332,6 +2336,13 @@ def startswith(self, pat, na=None):
         3      NaN
         dtype: object
 
+        >>> s.str.startswith(('b', 'B'))
+        0     True
+        1     True
+        2    False
+        3      NaN
+        dtype: object
+
         Specifying `na` to be `False` instead of `NaN`.
 
         >>> s.str.startswith('b', na=False)
@@ -2341,23 +2352,26 @@ def startswith(self, pat, na=None):
         3    False
         dtype: bool
         """
-        if not isinstance(pat, str):
-            msg = f"expected a string object, not {type(pat).__name__}"
+        if not isinstance(pat, (str, tuple)):
+            msg = f"expected a string or tuple, not {type(pat).__name__}"
             raise TypeError(msg)
         result = self._data.array._str_startswith(pat, na=na)
         return self._wrap_result(result, returns_string=False)
 
     @forbid_nonstring_types(["bytes"])
-    def endswith(self, pat, na=None):
+    def endswith(
+        self, pat: str | tuple[str, ...], na: Scalar | None = None
+    ) -> Series | Index:
         """
         Test if the end of each string element matches a pattern.
 
         Equivalent to :meth:`str.endswith`.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
-        pat : str
-            Character sequence. Regular expressions are not accepted.
+        pat : str or tuple[str, ...]
+            Character sequence or tuple of strings. Regular expressions are not
+            accepted.
         na : object, default NaN
             Object shown if element tested is not a string. The default depends
             on dtype of the array. For object-dtype, ``numpy.nan`` is used.
@@ -2392,6 +2406,13 @@ def endswith(self, pat, na=None):
         3      NaN
         dtype: object
 
+        >>> s.str.endswith(('t', 'T'))
+        0     True
+        1    False
+        2     True
+        3      NaN
+        dtype: object
+
         Specifying `na` to be `False` instead of `NaN`.
 
         >>> s.str.endswith('t', na=False)
@@ -2401,8 +2422,8 @@ def endswith(self, pat, na=None):
         3    False
         dtype: bool
         """
-        if not isinstance(pat, str):
-            msg = f"expected a string object, not {type(pat).__name__}"
+        if not isinstance(pat, (str, tuple)):
+            msg = f"expected a string or tuple, not {type(pat).__name__}"
             raise TypeError(msg)
         result = self._data.array._str_endswith(pat, na=na)
         return self._wrap_result(result, returns_string=False)

pandas/tests/strings/test_find_replace.py

@@ -291,21 +291,22 @@ def test_contains_nan(any_string_dtype):
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("pat", ["foo", ("foo", "baz")])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", [None, "category"])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("null_value", [None, np.nan, pd.NA])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("na", [True, False])
-def test_startswith(dtype, null_value, na):
+def test_startswith(pat, dtype, null_value, na):
     # add category dtype parametrizations for GH-36241
     values = Series(
         ["om", null_value, "foo_nom", "nom", "bar_foo", null_value, "foo"],
         dtype=dtype,
     )
 
-    result = values.str.startswith("foo")
+    result = values.str.startswith(pat)
     exp = Series([False, np.nan, True, False, False, np.nan, True])
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, exp)
 
-    result = values.str.startswith("foo", na=na)
+    result = values.str.startswith(pat, na=na)
     exp = Series([False, na, True, False, False, na, True])
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, exp)
 
@@ -351,21 +352,22 @@ def test_startswith_nullable_string_dtype(nullable_string_dtype, na):
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("pat", ["foo", ("foo", "baz")])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", [None, "category"])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("null_value", [None, np.nan, pd.NA])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("na", [True, False])
-def test_endswith(dtype, null_value, na):
+def test_endswith(pat, dtype, null_value, na):
     # add category dtype parametrizations for GH-36241
     values = Series(
         ["om", null_value, "foo_nom", "nom", "bar_foo", null_value, "foo"],
         dtype=dtype,
     )
 
-    result = values.str.endswith("foo")
+    result = values.str.endswith(pat)
     exp = Series([False, np.nan, False, False, True, np.nan, True])
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, exp)
 
-    result = values.str.endswith("foo", na=na)
+    result = values.str.endswith(pat, na=na)
     exp = Series([False, na, False, False, True, na, True])
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, exp)
 

pandas/tests/strings/test_strings.py

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 def test_startswith_endswith_non_str_patterns(pattern):
     # GH3485
     ser = Series(["foo", "bar"])
-    msg = f"expected a string object, not {type(pattern).__name__}"
+    msg = f"expected a string or tuple, not {type(pattern).__name__}"
     with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
         ser.str.startswith(pattern)
     with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):