Retain root cause for parsing patterns in @DateTimeFormat

The support for fallback parsing patterns in @DateTimeFormat introduced
in spring-projectsgh-20292 introduced a regression in that the original cause of the
parsing exception was no longer retained.

spring-projectsgh-26777 addressed that regression for `java.time` support; whereas,
this commit addresses that regression for legacy Date types.

This commit ensures that the original ParseException is set as the
cause for any newly created ParseException, thereby retaining the
original exception as the root cause.

Closes spring-projectsgh-26804

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/format/datetime/DateFormatter.java

@@ -219,9 +219,11 @@ public Date parse(String text, Locale locale) throws ParseException {
 				}
 			}
 			if (this.source != null) {
-				throw new ParseException(
+				ParseException parseException = new ParseException(
 					String.format("Unable to parse date time value \"%s\" using configuration from %s", text, this.source),
 					ex.getErrorOffset());
+				parseException.initCause(ex);
+				throw parseException;
 			}
 			// else rethrow original exception
 			throw ex;

spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/format/datetime/DateFormattingTests.java

@@ -119,6 +119,36 @@ void testBindDateAnnotated() {
 		assertThat(binder.getBindingResult().getFieldValue("styleDate")).isEqualTo("10/31/09");
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void styleDateWithInvalidFormat() {
+		String propertyName = "styleDate";
+		String propertyValue = "99/01/01";
+		MutablePropertyValues propertyValues = new MutablePropertyValues();
+		propertyValues.add(propertyName, propertyValue);
+		binder.bind(propertyValues);
+		BindingResult bindingResult = binder.getBindingResult();
+		assertThat(bindingResult.getErrorCount()).isEqualTo(1);
+		FieldError fieldError = bindingResult.getFieldError(propertyName);
+		TypeMismatchException exception = fieldError.unwrap(TypeMismatchException.class);
+		exception.printStackTrace(System.err);
+		assertThat(exception)
+			.hasMessageContaining("for property 'styleDate'")
+			.hasCauseInstanceOf(ConversionFailedException.class).getCause()
+				.hasMessageContaining("for value '99/01/01'")
+				.hasCauseInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class).getCause()
+					.hasMessageContaining("Parse attempt failed for value [99/01/01]")
+					.hasCauseInstanceOf(ParseException.class).getCause()
+						// Unable to parse date time value "99/01/01" using configuration from
+						// @org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat(pattern=, style=S-, iso=NONE, fallbackPatterns=[])
+						.hasMessageContainingAll(
+							"Unable to parse date time value \"99/01/01\" using configuration from",
+							"@org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat",
+							"style=S-", "iso=NONE", "fallbackPatterns=[]")
+						.hasCauseInstanceOf(ParseException.class).getCause()
+							.hasMessageStartingWith("Unparseable date: \"99/01/01\"")
+							.hasNoCause();
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	void testBindDateArray() {
 		MutablePropertyValues propertyValues = new MutablePropertyValues();
@@ -330,7 +360,10 @@ void patternDateWithUnsupportedPattern() {
 							.hasMessageContainingAll(
 								"Unable to parse date time value \"210302\" using configuration from",
 								"@org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat",
-								"yyyy-MM-dd", "M/d/yy", "yyyyMMdd", "yyyy.MM.dd");
+								"yyyy-MM-dd", "M/d/yy", "yyyyMMdd", "yyyy.MM.dd")
+							.hasCauseInstanceOf(ParseException.class).getCause()
+								.hasMessageStartingWith("Unparseable date: \"210302\"")
+								.hasNoCause();
 		}
 	}