.*: add presubmit check for verifying go directive changes

[MadhavJivrajani]

This commit adds a script that checks the changed version in the go.mod file with a certain maximum version that the go directive can have.

We set the maximum version of the go directive as 1.20 here because the oldest go directive that exists on our supported release branches in k/k is 1.20.

This commit additionally changes the requisite GH action to incorporate this check.

Fixes #305
xref kubernetes/kubernetes#123744

/sig architecture
/area code-organization
/kind cleanup
/assign @dims @liggitt

[k8s-ci-robot]

@MadhavJivrajani: The label(s) area/code-organization cannot be applied, because the repository doesn't have them.

In response to this:

This commit adds a script that checks the changed version in the go.mod file with a certain maximum version that the go directive can have.

We set the maximum version of the go directive as 1.20 here because the oldest go directive that exists on our supported release branches in k/k is 1.20.

This commit additionally changes the requisite GH action to incorporate this check.

Fixes #305
xref kubernetes/kubernetes#123744

/sig architecture
/area code-organization
/kind cleanup
/assign @dims @liggitt

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[MadhavJivrajani]

Successful run in the normal case: https://github.com/kubernetes/utils/actions/runs/8169957204/job/22335081807?pr=306
Failing run in invalid case when I try and change go.mod to 1.21: https://github.com/kubernetes/utils/actions/runs/8169981509/job/22335158126?pr=306

[dims]

/approve
/lgtm

[k8s-ci-robot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: dims, MadhavJivrajani

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