Replace extra wildcard with all-extras flag

... to not give users the misleading impression that pattern matching,
with regex,  fnmatch or some other system, works.

piptools/scripts/compile.py

@@ -79,6 +79,12 @@ def _get_default_option(option_name: str) -> Any:
     multiple=True,
     help="Name of an extras_require group to install; may be used more than once",
 )
+@click.option(
+    "--all-extras",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=False,
+    help="Install all extras_require groups",
+)
 @click.option(
     "-f",
     "--find-links",
@@ -259,6 +265,7 @@ def cli(
     pre: bool,
     rebuild: bool,
     extras: Tuple[str, ...],
+    all_extras: bool,
     find_links: Tuple[str, ...],
     index_url: str,
     extra_index_url: Tuple[str, ...],
@@ -401,8 +408,6 @@ def cli(
     # Parsing/collecting initial requirements
     ###
 
-    extras = tuple(itertools.chain.from_iterable(ex.split(",") for ex in extras))
-
     constraints: List[InstallRequirement] = []
     setup_file_found = False
     for src_file in src_files:
@@ -444,12 +449,9 @@ def cli(
                     for req in metadata.get_all("Requires-Dist") or []
                 ]
             )
-            # Since "*" is not a valid extra there is no risk confusing an actual extra
-            # for the wildcard.
-            # https://peps.python.org/pep-0508/#grammar
-            if "*" in extras:
-                if len(extras) != 1:
-                    msg = "--extra=* only makes sense if it is the only --extra"
+            if all_extras:
+                if extras:
+                    msg = "--extra has no effect when used with --all-extras"
                     raise click.BadParameter(msg)
                 extras = tuple(metadata.get_all("Provides-Extra"))
         else:
@@ -462,6 +464,8 @@ def cli(
                 )
             )
 
+    extras = tuple(itertools.chain.from_iterable(ex.split(",") for ex in extras))
+
     if extras and not setup_file_found:
         msg = "--extra has effect only with setup.py and PEP-517 input formats"
         raise click.BadParameter(msg)

tests/test_cli_compile.py

@@ -2192,17 +2192,16 @@ def test_multiple_extras(fake_dists, runner, make_module, fname, content, extra_
 
 @pytest.mark.network
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "content"), METADATA_TEST_CASES)
-def test_wildcard_extras(fake_dists, runner, make_module, fname, content):
+def test_all_extras(fake_dists, runner, make_module, fname, content):
     """
-    Test passing wildcard `--extra` includes all applicable extras.
+    Test passing `--all-extras` includes all applicable extras.
     """
     meta_path = make_module(fname=fname, content=content)
     out = runner.invoke(
         cli,
         [
             "-n",
-            "--extra",
-            "*",
+            "--all-extras",
             "--find-links",
             fake_dists,
             "--no-annotate",
@@ -2228,6 +2227,33 @@ def test_wildcard_extras(fake_dists, runner, make_module, fname, content):
     )
 
 
+# This should not depend on the metadata format so testing all cases is wasteful
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "content"), METADATA_TEST_CASES[:1])
+def test_all_extras_fail_with_extra(fake_dists, runner, make_module, fname, content):
+    """
+    Test that passing `--all-extras` and `--extra` fails.
+    """
+    meta_path = make_module(fname=fname, content=content)
+    out = runner.invoke(
+        cli,
+        [
+            "-n",
+            "--all-extras",
+            "--extra",
+            "dev",
+            "--find-links",
+            fake_dists,
+            "--no-annotate",
+            "--no-emit-options",
+            "--no-header",
+            meta_path,
+        ],
+    )
+    assert out.exit_code == 2
+    exp = "--extra has no effect when used with --all-extras"
+    assert exp in out.stderr
+
+
 def test_extras_fail_with_requirements_in(runner, tmpdir):
     """
     Test that passing `--extra` with `requirements.in` input file fails.