Rewrite syntax to be Python 3.5+

Used <https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade/>

IPython/__init__.py

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
 from .utils.frame import extract_module_locals
 
 # Release data
-__author__ = '%s <%s>' % (release.author, release.author_email)
+__author__ = '{} <{}>'.format(release.author, release.author_email)
 __license__  = release.license
 __version__  = release.version
 version_info = release.version_info

IPython/core/alias.py

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class AliasError(Exception):
 class InvalidAliasError(AliasError):
     pass
 
-class Alias(object):
+class Alias:
     """Callable object storing the details of one alias.
 
     Instances are registered as magic functions to allow use of aliases.
@@ -174,14 +174,14 @@ def __call__(self, rest=''):
             if cmd.find('%%s') >= 1:
                 cmd = cmd.replace('%%s', '%s')
             # Simple, argument-less aliases
-            cmd = '%s %s' % (cmd, rest)
+            cmd = '{} {}'.format(cmd, rest)
         else:
             # Handle aliases with positional arguments
             args = rest.split(None, nargs)
             if len(args) < nargs:
                 raise UsageError('Alias <%s> requires %s arguments, %s given.' %
                       (self.name, nargs, len(args)))
-            cmd = '%s %s' % (cmd % tuple(args[:nargs]),' '.join(args[nargs:]))
+            cmd = '{} {}'.format(cmd % tuple(args[:nargs]),' '.join(args[nargs:]))
 
         self.shell.system(cmd)
 
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ class AliasManager(Configurable):
     shell = Instance('IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShellABC', allow_none=True)
 
     def __init__(self, shell=None, **kwargs):
-        super(AliasManager, self).__init__(shell=shell, **kwargs)
+        super().__init__(shell=shell, **kwargs)
         # For convenient access
         self.linemagics = self.shell.magics_manager.magics['line']
         self.init_aliases()

IPython/core/application.py

@@ -97,12 +97,12 @@ def load_subconfig(self, fname, path=None, profile=None):
             except ProfileDirError:
                 return
             path = profile_dir.location
-        return super(ProfileAwareConfigLoader, self).load_subconfig(fname, path=path)
+        return super().load_subconfig(fname, path=path)
 
 class BaseIPythonApplication(Application):
 
-    name = u'ipython'
-    description = Unicode(u'IPython: an enhanced interactive Python shell.')
+    name = 'ipython'
+    description = Unicode('IPython: an enhanced interactive Python shell.')
     version = Unicode(release.version)
 
     aliases = base_aliases
@@ -119,15 +119,15 @@ class BaseIPythonApplication(Application):
     config_file_name = Unicode()
     @default('config_file_name')
     def _config_file_name_default(self):
-        return self.name.replace('-','_') + u'_config.py'
+        return self.name.replace('-','_') + '_config.py'
     @observe('config_file_name')
     def _config_file_name_changed(self, change):
         if change['new'] != change['old']:
             self.config_file_specified.add(change['new'])
 
     # The directory that contains IPython's builtin profiles.
     builtin_profile_dir = Unicode(
-        os.path.join(get_ipython_package_dir(), u'config', u'profile', u'default')
+        os.path.join(get_ipython_package_dir(), 'config', 'profile', 'default')
     )
 
     config_file_paths = List(Unicode())
@@ -151,14 +151,14 @@ def _extra_config_file_changed(self, change):
         self.config_file_specified.add(new)
         self.config_files.append(new)
 
-    profile = Unicode(u'default',
+    profile = Unicode('default',
         help="""The IPython profile to use."""
     ).tag(config=True)
 
     @observe('profile')
     def _profile_changed(self, change):
         self.builtin_profile_dir = os.path.join(
-                get_ipython_package_dir(), u'config', u'profile', change['new']
+                get_ipython_package_dir(), 'config', 'profile', change['new']
         )
 
     ipython_dir = Unicode(
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ def _config_files_default(self):
 
     @catch_config_error
     def __init__(self, **kwargs):
-        super(BaseIPythonApplication, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
         # ensure current working directory exists
         try:
             os.getcwd()
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ def initialize_subcommand(self, subc, argv=None):
                              "in future versions.".format(sub=subc))
             self.log.warning("You likely want to use `jupyter {sub}` in the "
                              "future".format(sub=subc))
-        return super(BaseIPythonApplication, self).initialize_subcommand(subc, argv)
+        return super().initialize_subcommand(subc, argv)
 
     def init_crash_handler(self):
         """Create a crash handler, typically setting sys.excepthook to it."""
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ def _ipython_dir_changed(self, change):
         sys.path.append(str_path)
         ensure_dir_exists(new)
         readme = os.path.join(new, 'README')
-        readme_src = os.path.join(get_ipython_package_dir(), u'config', u'profile', 'README')
+        readme_src = os.path.join(get_ipython_package_dir(), 'config', 'profile', 'README')
         if not os.path.exists(readme) and os.path.exists(readme_src):
             shutil.copy(readme_src, readme)
         for d in ('extensions', 'nbextensions'):

IPython/core/autocall.py

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 # Code
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-class IPyAutocall(object):
+class IPyAutocall:
     """ Instances of this class are always autocalled
     
     This happens regardless of 'autocall' variable state. Use this to

IPython/core/builtin_trap.py

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@
 from traitlets import Instance
 
 
-class __BuiltinUndefined(object): pass
+class __BuiltinUndefined: pass
 BuiltinUndefined = __BuiltinUndefined()
 
-class __HideBuiltin(object): pass
+class __HideBuiltin: pass
 HideBuiltin = __HideBuiltin()
 
 
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class BuiltinTrap(Configurable):
                      allow_none=True)
 
     def __init__(self, shell=None):
-        super(BuiltinTrap, self).__init__(shell=shell, config=None)
+        super().__init__(shell=shell, config=None)
         self._orig_builtins = {}
         # We define this to track if a single BuiltinTrap is nested.
         # Only turn off the trap when the outermost call to __exit__ is made.

IPython/core/compilerop.py

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ def code_name(code, number=0):
     # Include the number and 12 characters of the hash in the name.  It's
     # pretty much impossible that in a single session we'll have collisions
     # even with truncated hashes, and the full one makes tracebacks too long
-    return '<ipython-input-{0}-{1}>'.format(number, hash_digest[:12])
+    return '<ipython-input-{}-{}>'.format(number, hash_digest[:12])
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Classes and functions

IPython/core/completer.py

@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ def rectify_completions(text: str, completions: _IC, *, _debug=False)->_IC:
 GREEDY_DELIMS = ' =\r\n'
 
 
-class CompletionSplitter(object):
+class CompletionSplitter:
     """An object to split an input line in a manner similar to readline.
 
     By having our own implementation, we can expose readline-like completion in
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ def __init__(self, namespace=None, global_namespace=None, **kwargs):
         else:
             self.global_namespace = global_namespace
 
-        super(Completer, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
 
     def complete(self, text, state):
         """Return the next possible completion for 'text'.
@@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ def attr_matches(self, text):
             pass
         # Build match list to return
         n = len(attr)
-        return [u"%s.%s" % (expr, w) for w in words if w[:n] == attr ]
+        return ["{}.{}".format(expr, w) for w in words if w[:n] == attr ]
 
 
 def get__all__entries(obj):
@@ -807,7 +807,7 @@ def match_dict_keys(keys: List[str], prefix: str, delims: str):
             rem_repr = rem_repr.replace('"', '\\"')
 
         # then reinsert prefix from start of token
-        matched.append('%s%s' % (token_prefix, rem_repr))
+        matched.append('{}{}'.format(token_prefix, rem_repr))
     return quote, token_start, matched
 
 
@@ -869,7 +869,7 @@ def position_to_cursor(text:str, offset:int)->Tuple[int, int]:
 
     """
 
-    assert 0 <= offset <= len(text) , "0 <= %s <= %s" % (offset , len(text))
+    assert 0 <= offset <= len(text) , "0 <= {} <= {}".format(offset , len(text))
 
     before = text[:offset]
     blines = before.split('\n')  # ! splitnes trim trailing \n
@@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ def _safe_isinstance(obj, module, class_name):
 
 
 def back_unicode_name_matches(text):
-    u"""Match unicode characters back to unicode name
+    """Match unicode characters back to unicode name
 
     This does  ``☃`` -> ``\\snowman``
 
@@ -898,22 +898,22 @@ def back_unicode_name_matches(text):
     Used on Python 3 only.
     """
     if len(text)<2:
-        return u'', ()
+        return '', ()
     maybe_slash = text[-2]
     if maybe_slash != '\\':
-        return u'', ()
+        return '', ()
 
     char = text[-1]
     # no expand on quote for completion in strings.
     # nor backcomplete standard ascii keys
     if char in string.ascii_letters or char in ['"',"'"]:
-        return u'', ()
+        return '', ()
     try :
         unic = unicodedata.name(char)
         return '\\'+char,['\\'+unic]
     except KeyError:
         pass
-    return u'', ()
+    return '', ()
 
 def back_latex_name_matches(text:str):
     """Match latex characters back to unicode name
@@ -923,24 +923,24 @@ def back_latex_name_matches(text:str):
     Used on Python 3 only.
     """
     if len(text)<2:
-        return u'', ()
+        return '', ()
     maybe_slash = text[-2]
     if maybe_slash != '\\':
-        return u'', ()
+        return '', ()
 
 
     char = text[-1]
     # no expand on quote for completion in strings.
     # nor backcomplete standard ascii keys
     if char in string.ascii_letters or char in ['"',"'"]:
-        return u'', ()
+        return '', ()
     try :
         latex = reverse_latex_symbol[char]
         # '\\' replace the \ as well
         return '\\'+char,[latex]
     except KeyError:
         pass
-    return u'', ()
+    return '', ()
 
 
 def _formatparamchildren(parameter) -> str:
@@ -1174,9 +1174,9 @@ def file_matches(self, text):
         # when escaped with backslash
         if text.startswith('!'):
             text = text[1:]
-            text_prefix = u'!'
+            text_prefix = '!'
         else:
-            text_prefix = u''
+            text_prefix = ''
 
         text_until_cursor = self.text_until_cursor
         # track strings with open quotes
@@ -1284,9 +1284,9 @@ def magic_config_matches(self, text:str) -> List[str]:
 
         if len(texts) > 0 and (texts[0] == 'config' or texts[0] == '%config'):
             # get all configuration classes
-            classes = sorted(set([ c for c in self.shell.configurables
+            classes = sorted({ c for c in self.shell.configurables
                                    if c.__class__.class_traits(config=True)
-                                   ]), key=lambda x: x.__class__.__name__)
+                                   }, key=lambda x: x.__class__.__name__)
             classnames = [ c.__class__.__name__ for c in classes ]
 
             # return all classnames if config or %config is given
@@ -1554,7 +1554,7 @@ def python_func_kw_matches(self,text):
             # Remove used named arguments from the list, no need to show twice
             for namedArg in set(namedArgs) - usedNamedArgs:
                 if namedArg.startswith(text):
-                    argMatches.append(u"%s=" %namedArg)
+                    argMatches.append("%s=" %namedArg)
         except:
             pass
 
@@ -1669,7 +1669,7 @@ def get_keys(obj):
         return [leading + k + suf for k in matches]
 
     def unicode_name_matches(self, text):
-        u"""Match Latex-like syntax for unicode characters base
+        """Match Latex-like syntax for unicode characters base
         on the name of the character.
 
         This does  ``\\GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA`` -> ``η``
@@ -1689,11 +1689,11 @@ def unicode_name_matches(self, text):
                     return '\\'+s,[unic]
             except KeyError:
                 pass
-        return u'', []
+        return '', []
 
 
     def latex_matches(self, text):
-        u"""Match Latex syntax for unicode characters.
+        """Match Latex syntax for unicode characters.
 
         This does both ``\\alp`` -> ``\\alpha`` and ``\\alpha`` -> ``α``
 
@@ -1711,7 +1711,7 @@ def latex_matches(self, text):
                 # a full list of options \al -> [\aleph, \alpha]
                 matches = [k for k in latex_symbols if k.startswith(s)]
                 return s, matches
-        return u'', []
+        return '', []
 
     def dispatch_custom_completer(self, text):
         if not self.custom_completers:
@@ -2089,4 +2089,4 @@ def fwd_unicode_match(self, text:str) -> Tuple[str, list]:
 
         # if text does not start with slash
         else:
-            return u'', ()
+            return '', ()

IPython/core/crashhandler.py

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
 """
 
 
-class CrashHandler(object):
+class CrashHandler:
     """Customizable crash handlers for IPython applications.
 
     Instances of this class provide a :meth:`__call__` method which can be