Rust serialization benchmark

The goal of these benchmarks is to provide thorough and complete benchmarks for various rust serialization frameworks.

These benchmarks are a work in progress

These benchmarks are still being developed and pull requests to improve benchmarks are welcome.

Interactive site

Calculate the number of messages per second that can be sent/received with various rust serialization frameworks and compression libraries. Documentation

Format

All tests benchmark the following properties (time or size):

• Serialize: serialize data into a buffer
• Deserialize: deserializes a buffer into a normal rust object
• Size: the size of the buffer when serialized
• Zlib: the size of the buffer after zlib compression
• Zstd: the size of the buffer after zstd compression
• Zstd Time: the time taken to compress the serialized buffer with zstd

Zero-copy deserialization libraries have an additional set of benchmarks:

• Access: accesses a buffer as structured data
• Read: runs through a buffer and reads fields out of it
• Update: updates a buffer as structured data

Some benchmark results may be italicized and followed by an asterisk. Mouse over these for more details on what situation was benchmarked. Other footnotes are located at the bottom.

Last updated: 2024-5-5 14:16:23

Runtime info

rustc version

rustc 1.77.0-nightly (11f32b73e 2024-01-31)
binary: rustc
commit-hash: 11f32b73e0dc9287e305b5b9980d24aecdc8c17f
commit-date: 2024-01-31
host: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
release: 1.77.0-nightly
LLVM version: 17.0.6

CPU info

Architecture:                       x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):                     32-bit, 64-bit
Address sizes:                      48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
Byte Order:                         Little Endian
CPU(s):                             4
On-line CPU(s) list:                0-3
Vendor ID:                          AuthenticAMD
Model name:                         AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
CPU family:                         25
Model:                              1
Thread(s) per core:                 2
Core(s) per socket:                 2
Socket(s):                          1
Stepping:                           1
BogoMIPS:                           4890.86
Flags:                              fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc cpuid extd_apicid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw topoext invpcid_single vmmcall fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb sha_ni xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves clzero xsaveerptr rdpru arat npt nrip_save tsc_scale vmcb_clean flushbyasid decodeassists pausefilter pfthreshold v_vmsave_vmload umip vaes vpclmulqdq rdpid fsrm
Virtualization:                     AMD-V
Hypervisor vendor:                  Microsoft
Virtualization type:                full
L1d cache:                          64 KiB (2 instances)
L1i cache:                          64 KiB (2 instances)
L2 cache:                           1 MiB (2 instances)
L3 cache:                           32 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                       1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                  0-3
Vulnerability Gather data sampling: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:        Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:                 Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:             Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:      Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:             Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow: Vulnerable: Safe RET, no microcode
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:    Vulnerable
Vulnerability Spectre v1:           Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:           Mitigation; Retpolines, STIBP disabled, RSB filling, PBRSB-eIBRS Not affected
Vulnerability Srbds:                Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:      Not affected

log

This data set is composed of HTTP request logs that are small and contain many strings.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
abomonation 0.7.3	388.30 µs	1.4553 ms*	1705800	520085	413215	6.7601 ms
alkahest 0.1.5	194.88 µs	†	1045784	454157	389424	6.0234 ms
bilrost 0.1007.0	781.46 µs* 729.54 µs*	3.1793 ms	874632	355446	311723	5.0678 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	213.35 µs	2.5771 ms	741295	303944	257153	3.9887 ms
bincode 1.3.3	526.02 µs	2.0283 ms	1045784	373127	311761	4.8509 ms
bitcode 0.6.0	143.54 µs	1.4848 ms	703710	288826	229755	2.4313 ms
borsh 1.3.1	545.68 µs	2.3023 ms	885780	362204	286514	4.5376 ms
bson 2.9.0	2.2942 ms	7.1524 ms	1924682	532821	376270	5.6447 ms
capnp 0.18.13	560.36 µs	†	1443216	513986	428649	6.7664 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.2	901.08 µs	5.0874 ms	1407835	403440	324081	4.8194 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	3.8650 ms	10.127 ms	1407835	403440	324081	4.8079 ms
databuf 0.5.0	276.38 µs	2.0724 ms	765778	311715	264630	4.1529 ms
dlhn 0.1.6	801.55 µs	2.5024 ms	724953	301446	253629	3.8139 ms
flatbuffers 23.5.26	1.3596 ms	†	1276368	468539	388832	5.3179 ms
msgpacker 0.4.3	1.1249 ms	2.5537 ms	764996	315291	264898	3.9499 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	5.6261 ms	4.1247 ms	818669	332556	285514	4.4076 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	258.42 µs	2.0675 ms	1045784	373127	311761	4.5508 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.9	701.41 µs	2.1929 ms	765778	311743	264518	4.1486 ms
postcard 1.0.8	418.01 µs	2.2391 ms	724953	302399	253747	3.8084 ms
pot 3.0.0	2.3888 ms	6.5241 ms	971922	372513	304122	4.6931 ms
prost 0.12.4	997.10 µs* 2.5247 ms*	3.3365 ms	884628	363130	315494	5.1536 ms
rkyv 0.7.44	218.24 µs	1.4689 ms* 2.0033 ms*	1011488	383862	333545	5.2316 ms
rmp-serde 1.1.2	1.3028 ms	3.4644 ms	784997	325384	278219	4.2048 ms
ron 0.8.1	14.280 ms	17.159 ms	1607459	449158	349713	6.0514 ms
savefile 0.16.5	205.04 µs	2.1047 ms	1045800	373139	311755	4.7661 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	674.00 µs	2.1207 ms	765778	311715	264630	3.9158 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	2.0219 ms	5.1234 ms	1407835	403440	324081	4.8201 ms
serde_json 1.0.115	3.7372 ms	5.8615 ms	1827461	470560	361090	5.6102 ms
simd-json 0.13.9	2.1384 ms	4.6856 ms	1827461	470560	361090	5.6261 ms
speedy 0.8.7	197.07 µs	1.7735 ms	885780	362204	286514	4.2123 ms
wiring 0.2.1	194.15 µs	1.9633 ms	1045784	337930	276188	3.9432 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
abomonation 0.7.3	22.552 µs*	38.974 µs*	‡
alkahest 0.1.5	1.8548 ns*	24.860 µs*	‡
capnp 0.18.13	78.774 ns*	162.51 µs*	‡
flatbuffers 23.5.26	2.4730 ns* 1.8537 ms*	52.047 µs* 1.9622 ms*	‡
rkyv 0.7.44	1.2364 ns* 525.61 µs*	10.642 µs* 537.43 µs*	9.6032 µs

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
abomonation 0.7.3	36.97%	100.00%*	41.25%	55.53%	55.60%	35.97%
alkahest 0.1.5	73.66%	†	67.29%	63.60%	59.00%	40.36%
bilrost 0.1007.0	18.37%* 19.68%*	45.77%	80.46%	81.26%	73.70%	47.98%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	67.28%	56.47%	94.93%	95.03%	89.35%	60.95%
bincode 1.3.3	27.29%	71.75%	67.29%	77.41%	73.70%	50.12%
bitcode 0.6.0	100.00%	98.01%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
borsh 1.3.1	26.30%	63.21%	79.45%	79.74%	80.19%	53.58%
bson 2.9.0	6.26%	20.35%	36.56%	54.21%	61.06%	43.07%
capnp 0.18.13	25.62%	†	48.76%	56.19%	53.60%	35.93%
cbor4ii 0.3.2	15.93%	28.61%	49.99%	71.59%	70.89%	50.45%
ciborium 0.2.2	3.71%	14.37%	49.99%	71.59%	70.89%	50.57%
databuf 0.5.0	51.94%	70.22%	91.89%	92.66%	86.82%	58.54%
dlhn 0.1.6	17.91%	58.16%	97.07%	95.81%	90.59%	63.75%
flatbuffers 23.5.26	10.56%	†	55.13%	61.64%	59.09%	45.72%
msgpacker 0.4.3	12.76%	56.99%	91.99%	91.61%	86.73%	61.55%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	2.55%	35.28%	85.96%	86.85%	80.47%	55.16%
nanoserde 0.1.37	55.55%	70.39%	67.29%	77.41%	73.70%	53.43%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.9	20.46%	66.36%	91.89%	92.65%	86.86%	58.61%
postcard 1.0.8	34.34%	64.99%	97.07%	95.51%	90.54%	63.84%
pot 3.0.0	6.01%	22.31%	72.40%	77.53%	75.55%	51.81%
prost 0.12.4	14.40%* 5.69%*	43.62%	79.55%	79.54%	72.82%	47.18%
rkyv 0.7.44	65.77%	99.07%* 72.65%*	69.57%	75.24%	68.88%	46.47%
rmp-serde 1.1.2	11.02%	42.01%	89.64%	88.76%	82.58%	57.82%
ron 0.8.1	1.01%	8.48%	43.78%	64.30%	65.70%	40.18%
savefile 0.16.5	70.01%	69.15%	67.29%	77.40%	73.70%	51.01%
serde_bare 0.5.0	21.30%	68.62%	91.89%	92.66%	86.82%	62.09%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	7.10%	28.40%	49.99%	71.59%	70.89%	50.44%
serde_json 1.0.115	3.84%	24.83%	38.51%	61.38%	63.63%	43.34%
simd-json 0.13.9	6.71%	31.06%	38.51%	61.38%	63.63%	43.21%
speedy 0.8.7	72.84%	82.06%	79.45%	79.74%	80.19%	57.72%
wiring 0.2.1	73.93%	74.13%	67.29%	85.47%	83.19%	61.66%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
abomonation 0.7.3	0.01%*	27.31%*	‡
alkahest 0.1.5	66.66%*	42.81%*	‡
capnp 0.18.13	1.57%*	6.55%*	‡
flatbuffers 23.5.26	50.00%* 0.00%*	20.45%* 0.54%*	‡
rkyv 0.7.44	100.00%* 0.00%*	100.00%* 1.98%*	100.00%

mesh

This data set is a single mesh. The mesh contains an array of triangles, each of which has three vertices and a normal vector.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
abomonation 0.7.3	237.31 µs	238.69 µs*	6000024	5378514	5345891	7.5669 ms
alkahest 0.1.5	148.76 µs	†	6000008	5378500	5345890	7.5519 ms
bilrost 0.1007.0	6.6664 ms* 8.4840 ms*	10.811 ms	8625005	6443961	6231572	70.842 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	423.57 µs	826.88 µs	6000005	5378497	5345897	7.5272 ms
bincode 1.3.3	5.1204 ms	4.9154 ms	6000008	5378500	5345890	7.4247 ms
bitcode 0.6.0	1.4281 ms	595.24 µs	6000006	5182295	4923880	12.597 ms
borsh 1.3.1	6.1719 ms	4.2969 ms	6000004	5378496	5345889	8.1370 ms
bson 2.9.0	44.747 ms	79.430 ms	23013911	9212089	7497811	106.32 ms
capnp 0.18.13	6.1265 ms	†	14000088	7130367	6051062	80.604 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.2	10.358 ms	48.051 ms	13125016	7524114	6757967	89.390 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	68.655 ms	106.46 ms	13122324	7524660	6759658	90.317 ms
databuf 0.5.0	2.4039 ms	5.2776 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	8.2054 ms
dlhn 0.1.6	6.3619 ms	5.9113 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	8.1883 ms
flatbuffers 23.5.26	675.16 µs	†	6000024	5378434	5345910	7.9826 ms
msgpacker 0.4.3	21.295 ms	8.7475 ms	7500005	6058442	6014337	10.214 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	122.08 ms	27.191 ms	8125037	6493484	6386940	67.833 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	1.6680 ms	898.59 µs	6000008	5378500	5345890	7.9059 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.9	4.8730 ms	3.9882 ms	6000004	5378496	5345889	7.7785 ms
postcard 1.0.8	509.57 µs	1.5993 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	8.0403 ms
pot 3.0.0	39.371 ms	72.888 ms	10122342	6814618	6852251	81.124 ms
prost 0.12.4	8.0556 ms* 9.4856 ms*	13.894 ms	8750000	6665735	6421871	70.896 ms
rkyv 0.7.44	188.53 µs	199.81 µs* 198.23 µs*	6000008	5378500	5345892	7.8378 ms
rmp-serde 1.1.2	13.957 ms	19.252 ms	8125006	6494876	6391037	106.80 ms
ron 0.8.1	172.32 ms	260.47 ms	22192885	8970395	8138755	148.14 ms
savefile 0.16.5	238.76 µs	237.40 µs	6000024	5378518	5345893	8.8119 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	6.3359 ms	4.1928 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	7.9721 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	35.183 ms	44.959 ms	13122324	7524660	6759658	90.122 ms
serde_json 1.0.115	89.807 ms	89.601 ms	26192883	9566084	8586741	155.22 ms
simd-json 0.13.9	54.047 ms	74.398 ms	26192883	9566084	8586741	153.13 ms
speedy 0.8.7	239.54 µs	237.56 µs	6000004	5378496	5345889	7.7605 ms
wiring 0.2.1	198.49 µs	318.18 µs	6000008	5378952	5345894	7.9539 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
abomonation 0.7.3	2.1640 ns*	141.69 µs*	‡
alkahest 0.1.5	1.8622 ns*	77.321 µs*	‡
capnp 0.18.13	111.15 ns*	2.1426 ms*	‡
flatbuffers 23.5.26	2.4738 ns* 37.432 ns*	54.120 µs* 77.381 µs*	‡
rkyv 0.7.44	1.2367 ns* 10.533 ns*	46.024 µs* 77.398 µs*	105.56 µs

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
abomonation 0.7.3	62.69%	83.05%*	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	98.12%
alkahest 0.1.5	100.00%	†	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	98.32%
bilrost 0.1007.0	2.23%* 1.75%*	1.83%	69.57%	80.42%	79.02%	10.48%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	35.12%	23.97%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	98.64%
bincode 1.3.3	2.91%	4.03%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	100.00%
bitcode 0.6.0	10.42%	33.30%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	58.94%
borsh 1.3.1	2.41%	4.61%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	91.25%
bson 2.9.0	0.33%	0.25%	26.07%	56.26%	65.67%	6.98%
capnp 0.18.13	2.43%	†	42.86%	72.68%	81.37%	9.21%
cbor4ii 0.3.2	1.44%	0.41%	45.71%	68.88%	72.86%	8.31%
ciborium 0.2.2	0.22%	0.19%	45.72%	68.87%	72.84%	8.22%
databuf 0.5.0	6.19%	3.76%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	90.49%
dlhn 0.1.6	2.34%	3.35%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	90.67%
flatbuffers 23.5.26	22.03%	†	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	93.01%
msgpacker 0.4.3	0.70%	2.27%	80.00%	85.54%	81.87%	72.69%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	0.12%	0.73%	73.85%	79.81%	77.09%	10.95%
nanoserde 0.1.37	8.92%	22.06%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	93.91%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.9	3.05%	4.97%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	95.45%
postcard 1.0.8	29.19%	12.39%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	92.34%
pot 3.0.0	0.38%	0.27%	59.27%	76.05%	71.86%	9.15%
prost 0.12.4	1.85%* 1.57%*	1.43%	68.57%	77.75%	76.67%	10.47%
rkyv 0.7.44	78.91%	99.21%* 100.00%*	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	94.73%
rmp-serde 1.1.2	1.07%	1.03%	73.85%	79.79%	77.04%	6.95%
ron 0.8.1	0.09%	0.08%	27.04%	57.77%	60.50%	5.01%
savefile 0.16.5	62.31%	83.50%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	84.26%
serde_bare 0.5.0	2.35%	4.73%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	93.13%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	0.42%	0.44%	45.72%	68.87%	72.84%	8.24%
serde_json 1.0.115	0.17%	0.22%	22.91%	54.17%	57.34%	4.78%
simd-json 0.13.9	0.28%	0.27%	22.91%	54.17%	57.34%	4.85%
speedy 0.8.7	62.10%	83.44%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	95.67%
wiring 0.2.1	74.95%	62.30%	100.00%	96.34%	92.11%	93.35%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
abomonation 0.7.3	57.15%*	32.48%*	‡
alkahest 0.1.5	66.41%*	59.52%*	‡
capnp 0.18.13	1.11%*	2.15%*	‡
flatbuffers 23.5.26	49.99%* 3.30%*	85.04%* 59.48%*	‡
rkyv 0.7.44	100.00%* 11.74%*	100.00%* 59.46%*	100.00%

minecraft_savedata

This data set is composed of Minecraft player saves that contain highly structured data.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
abomonation 0.7.3	190.30 µs	1.3067 ms*	1290592	396676	340554	5.2242 ms
alkahest 0.1.5	217.00 µs	†	667570	325484	320452	3.9407 ms
bilrost 0.1007.0	919.84 µs* 933.43 µs*	3.1748 ms	489348	281173	249546	3.0936 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	280.25 µs	2.0781 ms	367413	221291	206273	2.5093 ms
bincode 1.3.3	568.89 µs	1.8111 ms	569975	240525	232423	2.9136 ms
bitcode 0.6.0	127.67 µs	1.2653 ms	327688	200947	182736	749.09 µs
borsh 1.3.1	554.66 µs	1.8282 ms	446595	234236	210008	2.5189 ms
bson 2.9.0	2.8671 ms	8.2837 ms	1619653	502185	328399	4.8488 ms
capnp 0.18.13	455.97 µs	†	803896	335606	280851	3.9503 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.2	806.83 µs	4.7936 ms	1109831	344745	274514	3.8123 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	3.6626 ms	9.4787 ms	1109821	344751	274526	3.7917 ms
databuf 0.5.0	320.49 µs	1.7279 ms	356311	213062	198488	2.4021 ms
dlhn 0.1.6	782.46 µs	2.6971 ms	366496	220600	205683	2.4993 ms
flatbuffers 23.5.26	3.3549 ms	†	844168	345696	294015	3.8784 ms
msgpacker 0.4.3	859.11 µs	2.8043 ms	391251	236877	220476	2.6373 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	5.2047 ms	3.8967 ms	449745	252432	231110	2.7897 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	280.65 µs	1.8807 ms	567975	239930	232419	2.9029 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.9	674.76 µs	2.0027 ms	356311	212976	198524	2.4033 ms
postcard 1.0.8	432.82 µs	1.9547 ms	367489	221913	207344	2.4987 ms
pot 3.0.0	2.3221 ms	6.0368 ms	599125	299158	247693	3.1763 ms
prost 0.12.4	1.1301 ms* 2.8041 ms*	3.5518 ms	596811	305319	269310	3.5273 ms
rkyv 0.7.44	300.29 µs	1.2559 ms* 1.7662 ms*	596952	253967	220706	2.6958 ms
rmp-serde 1.1.2	1.3556 ms	3.0010 ms	424533	245214	226188	2.7036 ms
ron 0.8.1	8.1539 ms	17.714 ms	1465223	434935	343338	5.8713 ms
savefile 0.16.5	223.87 µs	1.8300 ms	566991	239361	232010	2.9037 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	701.43 µs	2.2270 ms	356311	213062	198488	2.4095 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	1.8118 ms	4.7233 ms	1109821	344751	274526	3.8548 ms
serde_json 1.0.115	3.7645 ms	6.8189 ms	1623191	466527	359623	6.0339 ms
simd-json 0.13.9	2.2371 ms	4.5517 ms	1623191	466527	359623	6.0265 ms
speedy 0.8.7	273.04 µs	1.6501 ms	449595	234970	210361	2.5257 ms
wiring 0.2.1	203.15 µs	1.8283 ms	566975	247810	225259	2.9431 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
abomonation 0.7.3	37.083 µs*	37.931 µs*	‡
alkahest 0.1.5	1.8618 ns*	4.6303 µs*	‡
capnp 0.18.13	78.812 ns*	437.77 ns*	‡
flatbuffers 23.5.26	2.4739 ns* 2.1562 ms*	1.3736 µs* 2.1561 ms*	‡
rkyv 0.7.44	1.2368 ns* 498.64 µs*	163.24 ns* 499.85 µs*	953.85 ns

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
abomonation 0.7.3	67.09%	96.11%*	25.39%	50.66%	53.66%	14.34%
alkahest 0.1.5	58.83%	†	49.09%	61.74%	57.02%	19.01%
bilrost 0.1007.0	13.88%* 13.68%*	39.56%	66.96%	71.47%	73.23%	24.21%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	45.56%	60.44%	89.19%	90.81%	88.59%	29.85%
bincode 1.3.3	22.44%	69.34%	57.49%	83.55%	78.62%	25.71%
bitcode 0.6.0	100.00%	99.26%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
borsh 1.3.1	23.02%	68.70%	73.37%	85.79%	87.01%	29.74%
bson 2.9.0	4.45%	15.16%	20.23%	40.01%	55.64%	15.45%
capnp 0.18.13	28.00%	†	40.76%	59.88%	65.07%	18.96%
cbor4ii 0.3.2	15.82%	26.20%	29.53%	58.29%	66.57%	19.65%
ciborium 0.2.2	3.49%	13.25%	29.53%	58.29%	66.56%	19.76%
databuf 0.5.0	39.84%	72.68%	91.97%	94.31%	92.06%	31.18%
dlhn 0.1.6	16.32%	46.56%	89.41%	91.09%	88.84%	29.97%
flatbuffers 23.5.26	3.81%	†	38.82%	58.13%	62.15%	19.31%
msgpacker 0.4.3	14.86%	44.78%	83.75%	84.83%	82.88%	28.40%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	2.45%	32.23%	72.86%	79.60%	79.07%	26.85%
nanoserde 0.1.37	45.49%	66.78%	57.69%	83.75%	78.62%	25.81%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.9	18.92%	62.71%	91.97%	94.35%	92.05%	31.17%
postcard 1.0.8	29.50%	64.25%	89.17%	90.55%	88.13%	29.98%
pot 3.0.0	5.50%	20.80%	54.69%	67.17%	73.78%	23.58%
prost 0.12.4	11.30%* 4.55%*	35.36%	54.91%	65.82%	67.85%	21.24%
rkyv 0.7.44	42.52%	100.00%* 71.11%*	54.89%	79.12%	82.80%	27.79%
rmp-serde 1.1.2	9.42%	41.85%	77.19%	81.95%	80.79%	27.71%
ron 0.8.1	1.57%	7.09%	22.36%	46.20%	53.22%	12.76%
savefile 0.16.5	57.03%	68.63%	57.79%	83.95%	78.76%	25.80%
serde_bare 0.5.0	18.20%	56.39%	91.97%	94.31%	92.06%	31.09%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	7.05%	26.59%	29.53%	58.29%	66.56%	19.43%
serde_json 1.0.115	3.39%	18.42%	20.19%	43.07%	50.81%	12.41%
simd-json 0.13.9	5.71%	27.59%	20.19%	43.07%	50.81%	12.43%
speedy 0.8.7	46.76%	76.11%	72.89%	85.52%	86.87%	29.66%
wiring 0.2.1	62.85%	68.69%	57.80%	81.09%	81.12%	25.45%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
abomonation 0.7.3	0.00%*	0.43%*	‡
alkahest 0.1.5	66.43%*	3.53%*	‡
capnp 0.18.13	1.57%*	37.29%*	‡
flatbuffers 23.5.26	49.99%* 0.00%*	11.88%* 0.01%*	‡
rkyv 0.7.44	100.00%* 0.00%*	100.00%* 0.03%*	100.00%

mk48

This data set is composed of mk48.io game updates that contain data with many exploitable patterns and invariants.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
abomonation 0.7.3	494.74 µs	2.3138 ms*	2984682	1406960	1270204	14.375 ms
alkahest 0.1.5	736.82 µs	†	1863391	1234113	1202345	11.492 ms
bilrost 0.1007.0	5.0616 ms* 2.9598 ms*	8.3336 ms	1664428	1264167	1216472	11.787 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	704.51 µs	3.6795 ms	1372381	1091486	1037296	9.1873 ms
bincode 1.3.3	3.7819 ms	4.0190 ms	1811011	1115281	1025627	9.9232 ms
bitcode 0.6.0	720.61 µs	2.3067 ms	948499	857321	837658	3.1392 ms
borsh 1.3.1	2.8414 ms	2.9373 ms	1486162	1082357	1013550	9.4999 ms
bson 2.9.0	20.208 ms	43.719 ms	10030880	2833079	1600859	27.279 ms
capnp 0.18.13	2.1595 ms	†	2664040	1511895	1212087	14.081 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.2	4.2969 ms	17.734 ms	5878791	1655835	1431390	20.954 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	23.167 ms	46.753 ms	5878653	1655791	1431560	21.097 ms
databuf 0.5.0	1.5985 ms	3.5864 ms	1288257	1037579	984337	8.5242 ms
dlhn 0.1.6	5.2027 ms	6.2461 ms	1279599	1052061	1021161	8.2980 ms
flatbuffers 23.5.26	5.1821 ms	†	2273740	1408408	1235566	12.952 ms
msgpacker 0.4.3	1.9257 ms	4.5374 ms	1424043	1128758	1110156	9.3866 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	30.786 ms	15.580 ms	1728519	1247642	1233323	11.711 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	1.5142 ms	2.8971 ms	1770477	1108304	1029947	10.032 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.9	3.1573 ms	2.9936 ms	1288257	1039269	986510	8.5351 ms
postcard 1.0.8	1.8447 ms	3.9237 ms	1279599	1058243	1016738	8.3967 ms
pot 3.0.0	13.440 ms	30.000 ms	2544810	1447453	1268390	15.334 ms
prost 0.12.4	5.0090 ms* 9.0471 ms*	9.6005 ms	1818378	1307777	1266311	11.576 ms
rkyv 0.7.44	1.2908 ms	2.1606 ms* 2.7791 ms*	2029080	1335117	1158855	12.329 ms
rmp-serde 1.1.2	8.5612 ms	12.153 ms	1703813	1231892	1200208	11.026 ms
ron 0.8.1	36.780 ms	99.490 ms	8476284	2181196	1783971	34.268 ms
savefile 0.16.5	1.0226 ms	2.6249 ms	1750226	1101682	1027827	9.9529 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	4.9549 ms	4.4516 ms	1288257	1037597	984356	8.6224 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	9.6169 ms	21.475 ms	5878653	1655791	1431560	21.123 ms
serde_json 1.0.115	20.185 ms	31.425 ms	9175594	2334253	1800713	34.284 ms
simd-json 0.13.9	11.518 ms	26.311 ms	9175594	2334253	1800713	34.031 ms
speedy 0.8.7	738.68 µs	2.5228 ms	1546963	1093532	1013443	9.9670 ms
wiring 0.2.1	744.35 µs	2.6951 ms	1750210	1129857	1058906	10.503 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
abomonation 0.7.3	66.140 µs*	67.275 µs*	‡
alkahest 0.1.5	1.8551 ns*	627.85 ns*	‡
capnp 0.18.13	79.095 ns*	712.45 ns*	‡
flatbuffers 23.5.26	2.4735 ns* 4.9928 ms*	2.6522 µs* 4.9798 ms*	‡
rkyv 0.7.44	1.2449 ns* 618.32 µs*	489.37 ns* 619.70 µs*	505.40 ns

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
abomonation 0.7.3	100.00%	93.38%*	31.78%	60.93%	65.95%	21.84%
alkahest 0.1.5	67.15%	†	50.90%	69.47%	69.67%	27.32%
bilrost 0.1007.0	9.77%* 16.72%*	25.93%	56.99%	67.82%	68.86%	26.63%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	70.22%	58.72%	69.11%	78.55%	80.75%	34.17%
bincode 1.3.3	13.08%	53.76%	52.37%	76.87%	81.67%	31.63%
bitcode 0.6.0	68.66%	93.67%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
borsh 1.3.1	17.41%	73.56%	63.82%	79.21%	82.65%	33.04%
bson 2.9.0	2.45%	4.94%	9.46%	30.26%	52.33%	11.51%
capnp 0.18.13	22.91%	†	35.60%	56.71%	69.11%	22.29%
cbor4ii 0.3.2	11.51%	12.18%	16.13%	51.78%	58.52%	14.98%
ciborium 0.2.2	2.14%	4.62%	16.13%	51.78%	58.51%	14.88%
databuf 0.5.0	30.95%	60.24%	73.63%	82.63%	85.10%	36.83%
dlhn 0.1.6	9.51%	34.59%	74.12%	81.49%	82.03%	37.83%
flatbuffers 23.5.26	9.55%	†	41.72%	60.87%	67.80%	24.24%
msgpacker 0.4.3	25.69%	47.62%	66.61%	75.95%	75.45%	33.44%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	1.61%	13.87%	54.87%	68.72%	67.92%	26.81%
nanoserde 0.1.37	32.67%	74.58%	53.57%	77.35%	81.33%	31.29%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.9	15.67%	72.17%	73.63%	82.49%	84.91%	36.78%
postcard 1.0.8	26.82%	55.07%	74.12%	81.01%	82.39%	37.39%
pot 3.0.0	3.68%	7.20%	37.27%	59.23%	66.04%	20.47%
prost 0.12.4	9.88%* 5.47%*	22.51%	52.16%	65.56%	66.15%	27.12%
rkyv 0.7.44	38.33%	100.00%* 77.74%*	46.75%	64.21%	72.28%	25.46%
rmp-serde 1.1.2	5.78%	17.78%	55.67%	69.59%	69.79%	28.47%
ron 0.8.1	1.35%	2.17%	11.19%	39.31%	46.95%	9.16%
savefile 0.16.5	48.38%	82.31%	54.19%	77.82%	81.50%	31.54%
serde_bare 0.5.0	9.98%	48.54%	73.63%	82.63%	85.10%	36.41%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	5.14%	10.06%	16.13%	51.78%	58.51%	14.86%
serde_json 1.0.115	2.45%	6.88%	10.34%	36.73%	46.52%	9.16%
simd-json 0.13.9	4.30%	8.21%	10.34%	36.73%	46.52%	9.22%
speedy 0.8.7	66.98%	85.64%	61.31%	78.40%	82.65%	31.50%
wiring 0.2.1	66.47%	80.17%	54.19%	75.88%	79.11%	29.89%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
abomonation 0.7.3	0.00%*	0.73%*	‡
alkahest 0.1.5	67.11%*	77.94%*	‡
capnp 0.18.13	1.57%*	68.69%*	‡
flatbuffers 23.5.26	50.33%* 0.00%*	18.45%* 0.01%*	‡
rkyv 0.7.44	100.00%* 0.00%*	100.00%* 0.08%*	100.00%

Footnotes:

* mouse over for situational details

† do not provide deserialization capabilities, but the user can write their own

‡ do not support buffer mutation (capnp and flatbuffers may but not for rust)