Run numba in Python 3.12 CI

[crusaderky]

• Follow-up: Use Python 3.12 as reference environment #10939
• Follow-up: Test against pandas 2.0 #10893

[github-actions]

Unit Test Results

See test report for an extended history of previous test failures. This is useful for diagnosing flaky tests.

     15 files  ± 0       15 suites  ±0   3h 20m 41s ⏱️ + 5m 9s
 13 111 tests + 2   12 180 ✅ + 3     931 💤 ±0  0 ❌  - 1 
162 347 runs  +34  145 794 ✅ +34  16 553 💤 +1  0 ❌  - 1 

Results for commit 7e1f1f7. ± Comparison against base commit 67ecd26.

This pull request removes 1 and adds 3 tests. Note that renamed tests count towards both.

dask.tests.test_docs ‑ test_development_guidelines_matches_ci

dask.tests.test_docs ‑ test_development_guidelines_matches_ci[.github/workflows/additional.yml]
dask.tests.test_docs ‑ test_development_guidelines_matches_ci[.github/workflows/upstream.yml]
dask.tests.test_docs ‑ test_development_guidelines_matches_ci[docs/source/develop.rst]

♻️ This comment has been updated with latest results.

[phofl]

needs a rebase

[crusaderky]

This has already been merged as part of #10939