Fix and cleanup Jest JSDOM environment setup.

[goodov]

Changes in this PR:

1. Use JSDOM().window created by JSDOMEnvironment, do not create another instance of JSDOM in testPolyfills.ts.
2. Throw on jsdomError to expose JSDOM errors instead of burying them in the log output.
3. Add missing window.* APIs using node-provided counterparts (webcrypto, etc.).
4. Move loadTimeData data into testData.ts.
5. Disable coverage generation by default as it creates a lot of extra output, but seems like it's not used anywhere. It can be enabled manually by passing --coverage.

Resolves brave/brave-browser#38362

Submitter Checklist:

• I confirm that no security/privacy review is needed and no other type of reviews are needed, or that I have requested them
• There is a ticket for my issue
• Used Github auto-closing keywords in the PR description above
• Wrote a good PR/commit description
• Squashed any review feedback or "fixup" commits before merge, so that history is a record of what happened in the repo, not your PR
• Added appropriate labels (QA/Yes or QA/No; release-notes/include or release-notes/exclude; OS/...) to the associated issue
• Checked the PR locally:
  • npm run test -- brave_browser_tests, npm run test -- brave_unit_tests wiki
  • npm run presubmit wiki, npm run gn_check, npm run tslint
• Ran git rebase master (if needed)

Reviewer Checklist:

• A security review is not needed, or a link to one is included in the PR description
• New files have MPL-2.0 license header
• Adequate test coverage exists to prevent regressions
• Major classes, functions and non-trivial code blocks are well-commented
• Changes in component dependencies are properly reflected in gn
• Code follows the style guide
• Test plan is specified in PR before merging

After-merge Checklist:

• The associated issue milestone is set to the smallest version that the
  changes has landed on
• All relevant documentation has been updated, for instance:
  • https://github.com/brave/brave-browser/wiki/Deviations-from-Chromium-(features-we-disable-or-remove)
  • https://github.com/brave/brave-browser/wiki/Proxy-redirected-URLs
  • https://github.com/brave/brave-browser/wiki/Fingerprinting-Protections
  • https://github.com/brave/brave-browser/wiki/Brave%E2%80%99s-Use-of-Referral-Codes
  • https://github.com/brave/brave-browser/wiki/Web-Compatibility-Exceptions-in-Brave
  • https://github.com/brave/brave-browser/wiki/QA-Guide
  • https://github.com/brave/brave-browser/wiki/P3A

Test Plan:

[brave-builds]

A Storybook has been deployed to preview UI for the latest push

[brave-builds]

A Storybook has been deployed to preview UI for the latest push

[brave-builds]

A Storybook has been deployed to preview UI for the latest push

[brave-builds]

A Storybook has been deployed to preview UI for the latest push

[fallaciousreasoning]

LGTM!

[Douglashdaniel]

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