material.rs

use bevy_app::{App, Plugin};
use bevy_asset::{AddAsset, AssetEvent, AssetServer, Assets, Handle};
use bevy_core_pipeline::{core_2d::Transparent2d, tonemapping::Tonemapping};
use bevy_derive::{Deref, DerefMut};
use bevy_ecs::{
    entity::Entity,
    event::EventReader,
    prelude::{Bundle, World},
    schedule::IntoSystemDescriptor,
    system::{
        lifetimeless::{Read, SQuery, SRes},
        Commands, Local, Query, Res, ResMut, Resource, SystemParamItem,
    },
    world::FromWorld,
};
use bevy_log::error;
use bevy_reflect::TypeUuid;
use bevy_render::{
    extract_component::ExtractComponentPlugin,
    mesh::{Mesh, MeshVertexBufferLayout},
    prelude::Image,
    render_asset::{PrepareAssetLabel, RenderAssets},
    render_phase::{
        AddRenderCommand, DrawFunctions, EntityRenderCommand, RenderCommandResult, RenderPhase,
        SetItemPipeline, TrackedRenderPass,
    },
    render_resource::{
        AsBindGroup, AsBindGroupError, BindGroup, BindGroupLayout, OwnedBindingResource,
        PipelineCache, RenderPipelineDescriptor, Shader, ShaderRef, SpecializedMeshPipeline,
        SpecializedMeshPipelineError, SpecializedMeshPipelines,
    },
    renderer::RenderDevice,
    texture::FallbackImage,
    view::{ComputedVisibility, ExtractedView, Msaa, Visibility, VisibleEntities},
    Extract, RenderApp, RenderStage,
};
use bevy_transform::components::{GlobalTransform, Transform};
use bevy_utils::{FloatOrd, HashMap, HashSet};
use std::hash::Hash;
use std::marker::PhantomData;

use crate::{
    DrawMesh2d, Mesh2dHandle, Mesh2dPipeline, Mesh2dPipelineKey, Mesh2dUniform, SetMesh2dBindGroup,
    SetMesh2dViewBindGroup,
};

/// Materials are used alongside [`Material2dPlugin`] and [`MaterialMesh2dBundle`]
/// to spawn entities that are rendered with a specific [`Material2d`] type. They serve as an easy to use high level
/// way to render [`Mesh2dHandle`] entities with custom shader logic.
///
/// Material2ds must implement [`AsBindGroup`] to define how data will be transferred to the GPU and bound in shaders.
/// [`AsBindGroup`] can be derived, which makes generating bindings straightforward. See the [`AsBindGroup`] docs for details.
///
/// Materials must also implement [`TypeUuid`] so they can be treated as an [`Asset`](bevy_asset::Asset).
///
/// # Example
///
/// Here is a simple Material2d implementation. The [`AsBindGroup`] derive has many features. To see what else is available,
/// check out the [`AsBindGroup`] documentation.
/// ```
/// # use bevy_sprite::{Material2d, MaterialMesh2dBundle};
/// # use bevy_ecs::prelude::*;
/// # use bevy_reflect::TypeUuid;
/// # use bevy_render::{render_resource::{AsBindGroup, ShaderRef}, texture::Image, color::Color};
/// # use bevy_asset::{Handle, AssetServer, Assets};
///
/// #[derive(AsBindGroup, TypeUuid, Debug, Clone)]
/// #[uuid = "f690fdae-d598-45ab-8225-97e2a3f056e0"]
/// pub struct CustomMaterial {
///     // Uniform bindings must implement `ShaderType`, which will be used to convert the value to
///     // its shader-compatible equivalent. Most core math types already implement `ShaderType`.
///     #[uniform(0)]
///     color: Color,
///     // Images can be bound as textures in shaders. If the Image's sampler is also needed, just
///     // add the sampler attribute with a different binding index.
///     #[texture(1)]
///     #[sampler(2)]
///     color_texture: Handle<Image>,
/// }
///
/// // All functions on `Material2d` have default impls. You only need to implement the
/// // functions that are relevant for your material.
/// impl Material2d for CustomMaterial {
///     fn fragment_shader() -> ShaderRef {
///         "shaders/custom_material.wgsl".into()
///     }
/// }
///
/// // Spawn an entity using `CustomMaterial`.
/// fn setup(mut commands: Commands, mut materials: ResMut<Assets<CustomMaterial>>, asset_server: Res<AssetServer>) {
///     commands.spawn(MaterialMesh2dBundle {
///         material: materials.add(CustomMaterial {
///             color: Color::RED,
///             color_texture: asset_server.load("some_image.png"),
///         }),
///         ..Default::default()
///     });
/// }
/// ```
/// In WGSL shaders, the material's binding would look like this:
///
/// ```wgsl
/// struct CustomMaterial {
///     color: vec4<f32>,
/// }
///
/// @group(1) @binding(0)
/// var<uniform> material: CustomMaterial;
/// @group(1) @binding(1)
/// var color_texture: texture_2d<f32>;
/// @group(1) @binding(2)
/// var color_sampler: sampler;
/// ```
pub trait Material2d: AsBindGroup + Send + Sync + Clone + TypeUuid + Sized + 'static {
    /// Returns this material's vertex shader. If [`ShaderRef::Default`] is returned, the default mesh vertex shader
    /// will be used.
    fn vertex_shader() -> ShaderRef {
        ShaderRef::Default
    }

    /// Returns this material's fragment shader. If [`ShaderRef::Default`] is returned, the default mesh fragment shader
    /// will be used.
    fn fragment_shader() -> ShaderRef {
        ShaderRef::Default
    }

    /// Customizes the default [`RenderPipelineDescriptor`].
    #[allow(unused_variables)]
    #[inline]
    fn specialize(
        descriptor: &mut RenderPipelineDescriptor,
        layout: &MeshVertexBufferLayout,
        key: Material2dKey<Self>,
    ) -> Result<(), SpecializedMeshPipelineError> {
        Ok(())
    }
}

/// Adds the necessary ECS resources and render logic to enable rendering entities using the given [`Material2d`]
/// asset type (which includes [`Material2d`] types).
pub struct Material2dPlugin<M: Material2d>(PhantomData<M>);

impl<M: Material2d> Default for Material2dPlugin<M> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self(Default::default())
    }
}

impl<M: Material2d> Plugin for Material2dPlugin<M>
where
    M::Data: PartialEq + Eq + Hash + Clone,
{
    fn build(&self, app: &mut App) {
        app.add_asset::<M>()
            .add_plugin(ExtractComponentPlugin::<Handle<M>>::extract_visible());
        if let Ok(render_app) = app.get_sub_app_mut(RenderApp) {
            render_app
                .add_render_command::<Transparent2d, DrawMaterial2d<M>>()
                .init_resource::<Material2dPipeline<M>>()
                .init_resource::<ExtractedMaterials2d<M>>()
                .init_resource::<RenderMaterials2d<M>>()
                .init_resource::<SpecializedMeshPipelines<Material2dPipeline<M>>>()
                .add_system_to_stage(RenderStage::Extract, extract_materials_2d::<M>)
                .add_system_to_stage(
                    RenderStage::Prepare,
                    prepare_materials_2d::<M>.after(PrepareAssetLabel::PreAssetPrepare),
                )
                .add_system_to_stage(RenderStage::Queue, queue_material2d_meshes::<M>);
        }
    }
}

/// Render pipeline data for a given [`Material2d`]
#[derive(Resource)]
pub struct Material2dPipeline<M: Material2d> {
    pub mesh2d_pipeline: Mesh2dPipeline,
    pub material2d_layout: BindGroupLayout,
    pub vertex_shader: Option<Handle<Shader>>,
    pub fragment_shader: Option<Handle<Shader>>,
    marker: PhantomData<M>,
}

pub struct Material2dKey<M: Material2d> {
    pub mesh_key: Mesh2dPipelineKey,
    pub bind_group_data: M::Data,
}

impl<M: Material2d> Eq for Material2dKey<M> where M::Data: PartialEq {}

impl<M: Material2d> PartialEq for Material2dKey<M>
where
    M::Data: PartialEq,
{
    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
        self.mesh_key == other.mesh_key && self.bind_group_data == other.bind_group_data
    }
}

impl<M: Material2d> Clone for Material2dKey<M>
where
    M::Data: Clone,
{
    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
        Self {
            mesh_key: self.mesh_key,
            bind_group_data: self.bind_group_data.clone(),
        }
    }
}

impl<M: Material2d> Hash for Material2dKey<M>
where
    M::Data: Hash,
{
    fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
        self.mesh_key.hash(state);
        self.bind_group_data.hash(state);
    }
}

impl<M: Material2d> SpecializedMeshPipeline for Material2dPipeline<M>
where
    M::Data: PartialEq + Eq + Hash + Clone,
{
    type Key = Material2dKey<M>;

    fn specialize(
        &self,
        key: Self::Key,
        layout: &MeshVertexBufferLayout,
    ) -> Result<RenderPipelineDescriptor, SpecializedMeshPipelineError> {
        let mut descriptor = self.mesh2d_pipeline.specialize(key.mesh_key, layout)?;
        if let Some(vertex_shader) = &self.vertex_shader {
            descriptor.vertex.shader = vertex_shader.clone();
        }

        if let Some(fragment_shader) = &self.fragment_shader {
            descriptor.fragment.as_mut().unwrap().shader = fragment_shader.clone();
        }
        descriptor.layout = Some(vec![
            self.mesh2d_pipeline.view_layout.clone(),
            self.material2d_layout.clone(),
            self.mesh2d_pipeline.mesh_layout.clone(),
        ]);

        M::specialize(&mut descriptor, layout, key)?;
        Ok(descriptor)
    }
}

impl<M: Material2d> FromWorld for Material2dPipeline<M> {
    fn from_world(world: &mut World) -> Self {
        let asset_server = world.resource::<AssetServer>();
        let render_device = world.resource::<RenderDevice>();
        let material2d_layout = M::bind_group_layout(render_device);

        Material2dPipeline {
            mesh2d_pipeline: world.resource::<Mesh2dPipeline>().clone(),
            material2d_layout,
            vertex_shader: match M::vertex_shader() {
                ShaderRef::Default => None,
                ShaderRef::Handle(handle) => Some(handle),
                ShaderRef::Path(path) => Some(asset_server.load(path)),
            },
            fragment_shader: match M::fragment_shader() {
                ShaderRef::Default => None,
                ShaderRef::Handle(handle) => Some(handle),
                ShaderRef::Path(path) => Some(asset_server.load(path)),
            },
            marker: PhantomData,
        }
    }
}

type DrawMaterial2d<M> = (
    SetItemPipeline,
    SetMesh2dViewBindGroup<0>,
    SetMaterial2dBindGroup<M, 1>,
    SetMesh2dBindGroup<2>,
    DrawMesh2d,
);

pub struct SetMaterial2dBindGroup<M: Material2d, const I: usize>(PhantomData<M>);
impl<M: Material2d, const I: usize> EntityRenderCommand for SetMaterial2dBindGroup<M, I> {
    type Param = (SRes<RenderMaterials2d<M>>, SQuery<Read<Handle<M>>>);
    fn render<'w>(
        _view: Entity,
        item: Entity,
        (materials, query): SystemParamItem<'w, '_, Self::Param>,
        pass: &mut TrackedRenderPass<'w>,
    ) -> RenderCommandResult {
        let material2d_handle = query.get(item).unwrap();
        let material2d = materials.into_inner().get(material2d_handle).unwrap();
        pass.set_bind_group(I, &material2d.bind_group, &[]);
        RenderCommandResult::Success
    }
}

#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
pub fn queue_material2d_meshes<M: Material2d>(
    transparent_draw_functions: Res<DrawFunctions<Transparent2d>>,
    material2d_pipeline: Res<Material2dPipeline<M>>,
    mut pipelines: ResMut<SpecializedMeshPipelines<Material2dPipeline<M>>>,
    mut pipeline_cache: ResMut<PipelineCache>,
    msaa: Res<Msaa>,
    render_meshes: Res<RenderAssets<Mesh>>,
    render_materials: Res<RenderMaterials2d<M>>,
    material2d_meshes: Query<(&Handle<M>, &Mesh2dHandle, &Mesh2dUniform)>,
    mut views: Query<(
        &ExtractedView,
        &VisibleEntities,
        Option<&Tonemapping>,
        &mut RenderPhase<Transparent2d>,
    )>,
) where
    M::Data: PartialEq + Eq + Hash + Clone,
{
    if material2d_meshes.is_empty() {
        return;
    }

    for (view, visible_entities, tonemapping, mut transparent_phase) in &mut views {
        let draw_transparent_pbr = transparent_draw_functions
            .read()
            .get_id::<DrawMaterial2d<M>>()
            .unwrap();

        let mut view_key = Mesh2dPipelineKey::from_msaa_samples(msaa.samples)
            | Mesh2dPipelineKey::from_hdr(view.hdr);

        if let Some(Tonemapping::Enabled{is_deband_dither_enabled}) = tonemapping {
            if !view.hdr {
                view_key |= Mesh2dPipelineKey::TONEMAP_IN_SHADER;

                if *is_deband_dither_enabled {
                    view_key |= Mesh2dPipelineKey::DEBAND_DITHER;
                }
            }
        }

        for visible_entity in &visible_entities.entities {
            if let Ok((material2d_handle, mesh2d_handle, mesh2d_uniform)) =
                material2d_meshes.get(*visible_entity)
            {
                if let Some(material2d) = render_materials.get(material2d_handle) {
                    if let Some(mesh) = render_meshes.get(&mesh2d_handle.0) {
                        let mesh_key = view_key
                            | Mesh2dPipelineKey::from_primitive_topology(mesh.primitive_topology);

                        let pipeline_id = pipelines.specialize(
                            &mut pipeline_cache,
                            &material2d_pipeline,
                            Material2dKey {
                                mesh_key,
                                bind_group_data: material2d.key.clone(),
                            },
                            &mesh.layout,
                        );

                        let pipeline_id = match pipeline_id {
                            Ok(id) => id,
                            Err(err) => {
                                error!("{}", err);
                                continue;
                            }
                        };

                        let mesh_z = mesh2d_uniform.transform.w_axis.z;
                        transparent_phase.add(Transparent2d {
                            entity: *visible_entity,
                            draw_function: draw_transparent_pbr,
                            pipeline: pipeline_id,
                            // NOTE: Back-to-front ordering for transparent with ascending sort means far should have the
                            // lowest sort key and getting closer should increase. As we have
                            // -z in front of the camera, the largest distance is -far with values increasing toward the
                            // camera. As such we can just use mesh_z as the distance
                            sort_key: FloatOrd(mesh_z),
                            // This material is not batched
                            batch_range: None,
                        });
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

/// Data prepared for a [`Material2d`] instance.
pub struct PreparedMaterial2d<T: Material2d> {
    pub bindings: Vec<OwnedBindingResource>,
    pub bind_group: BindGroup,
    pub key: T::Data,
}

#[derive(Resource)]
struct ExtractedMaterials2d<M: Material2d> {
    extracted: Vec<(Handle<M>, M)>,
    removed: Vec<Handle<M>>,
}

impl<M: Material2d> Default for ExtractedMaterials2d<M> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            extracted: Default::default(),
            removed: Default::default(),
        }
    }
}

/// Stores all prepared representations of [`Material2d`] assets for as long as they exist.
#[derive(Resource, Deref, DerefMut)]
pub struct RenderMaterials2d<T: Material2d>(HashMap<Handle<T>, PreparedMaterial2d<T>>);

impl<T: Material2d> Default for RenderMaterials2d<T> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self(Default::default())
    }
}

/// This system extracts all created or modified assets of the corresponding [`Material2d`] type
/// into the "render world".
fn extract_materials_2d<M: Material2d>(
    mut commands: Commands,
    mut events: Extract<EventReader<AssetEvent<M>>>,
    assets: Extract<Res<Assets<M>>>,
) {
    let mut changed_assets = HashSet::default();
    let mut removed = Vec::new();
    for event in events.iter() {
        match event {
            AssetEvent::Created { handle } | AssetEvent::Modified { handle } => {
                changed_assets.insert(handle.clone_weak());
            }
            AssetEvent::Removed { handle } => {
                changed_assets.remove(handle);
                removed.push(handle.clone_weak());
            }
        }
    }

    let mut extracted_assets = Vec::new();
    for handle in changed_assets.drain() {
        if let Some(asset) = assets.get(&handle) {
            extracted_assets.push((handle, asset.clone()));
        }
    }

    commands.insert_resource(ExtractedMaterials2d {
        extracted: extracted_assets,
        removed,
    });
}

/// All [`Material2d`] values of a given type that should be prepared next frame.
pub struct PrepareNextFrameMaterials<M: Material2d> {
    assets: Vec<(Handle<M>, M)>,
}

impl<M: Material2d> Default for PrepareNextFrameMaterials<M> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            assets: Default::default(),
        }
    }
}

/// This system prepares all assets of the corresponding [`Material2d`] type
/// which where extracted this frame for the GPU.
fn prepare_materials_2d<M: Material2d>(
    mut prepare_next_frame: Local<PrepareNextFrameMaterials<M>>,
    mut extracted_assets: ResMut<ExtractedMaterials2d<M>>,
    mut render_materials: ResMut<RenderMaterials2d<M>>,
    render_device: Res<RenderDevice>,
    images: Res<RenderAssets<Image>>,
    fallback_image: Res<FallbackImage>,
    pipeline: Res<Material2dPipeline<M>>,
) {
    let queued_assets = std::mem::take(&mut prepare_next_frame.assets);
    for (handle, material) in queued_assets {
        match prepare_material2d(
            &material,
            &render_device,
            &images,
            &fallback_image,
            &pipeline,
        ) {
            Ok(prepared_asset) => {
                render_materials.insert(handle, prepared_asset);
            }
            Err(AsBindGroupError::RetryNextUpdate) => {
                prepare_next_frame.assets.push((handle, material));
            }
        }
    }

    for removed in std::mem::take(&mut extracted_assets.removed) {
        render_materials.remove(&removed);
    }

    for (handle, material) in std::mem::take(&mut extracted_assets.extracted) {
        match prepare_material2d(
            &material,
            &render_device,
            &images,
            &fallback_image,
            &pipeline,
        ) {
            Ok(prepared_asset) => {
                render_materials.insert(handle, prepared_asset);
            }
            Err(AsBindGroupError::RetryNextUpdate) => {
                prepare_next_frame.assets.push((handle, material));
            }
        }
    }
}

fn prepare_material2d<M: Material2d>(
    material: &M,
    render_device: &RenderDevice,
    images: &RenderAssets<Image>,
    fallback_image: &FallbackImage,
    pipeline: &Material2dPipeline<M>,
) -> Result<PreparedMaterial2d<M>, AsBindGroupError> {
    let prepared = material.as_bind_group(
        &pipeline.material2d_layout,
        render_device,
        images,
        fallback_image,
    )?;
    Ok(PreparedMaterial2d {
        bindings: prepared.bindings,
        bind_group: prepared.bind_group,
        key: prepared.data,
    })
}

/// A component bundle for entities with a [`Mesh2dHandle`] and a [`Material2d`].
#[derive(Bundle, Clone)]
pub struct MaterialMesh2dBundle<M: Material2d> {
    pub mesh: Mesh2dHandle,
    pub material: Handle<M>,
    pub transform: Transform,
    pub global_transform: GlobalTransform,
    /// User indication of whether an entity is visible
    pub visibility: Visibility,
    /// Algorithmically-computed indication of whether an entity is visible and should be extracted for rendering
    pub computed_visibility: ComputedVisibility,
}

impl<M: Material2d> Default for MaterialMesh2dBundle<M> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            mesh: Default::default(),
            material: Default::default(),
            transform: Default::default(),
            global_transform: Default::default(),
            visibility: Default::default(),
            computed_visibility: Default::default(),
        }
    }
}