feat(errors): validate preset when filename is absent

Closes #10154

packages/babel-core/src/config/full.js

@@ -278,17 +278,32 @@ const instantiatePlugin = makeWeakCache(
   },
 );
 
+const validatePreset = (
+  preset: PresetInstance,
+  context: ConfigContext,
+  descriptor: UnloadedDescriptor,
+): void => {
+  if (!context.filename) {
+    const { options } = preset;
+    if (options.test || options.include || options.exclude) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Preset ${descriptor.name ||
+          ""} requires filename, but it was not passed.`.replace(/\s{2}/, " "),
+      );
+    }
+  }
+};
+
 /**
  * Generate a config object that will act as the root of a new nested config.
  */
 const loadPresetDescriptor = (
   descriptor: UnloadedDescriptor,
   context: ConfigContext,
 ): ConfigChain | null => {
-  return buildPresetChain(
-    instantiatePreset(loadDescriptor(descriptor, context)),
-    context,
-  );
+  const preset = instantiatePreset(loadDescriptor(descriptor, context));
+  validatePreset(preset, context, descriptor);
+  return buildPresetChain(preset, context);
 };
 
 const instantiatePreset = makeWeakCache(

packages/babel-core/test/config-chain.js

@@ -1049,5 +1049,19 @@ describe("buildConfigChain", function() {
         loadOptions({ filename, cwd: path.dirname(filename) }),
       ).toThrow(/Error while parsing JSON - /);
     });
+
+    it("should throw when `test` presents but `filename` is not passed", () => {
+      expect(() => loadOptions({ test: /\.ts$/, plugins: [] })).toThrow(
+        /Configuration contains string\/RegExp pattern/,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it("should throw when `preset` requires `filename` but it was not passed", () => {
+      expect(() => {
+        loadOptions({
+          presets: [require("./fixtures/config-loading/preset4")],
+        });
+      }).toThrow(/Preset requires filename/);
+    });
   });
 });

packages/babel-core/test/fixtures/config-loading/preset4.js

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+module.exports = function() {
+  return {
+    test: /\.ts$/,
+    plugins: []
+  }
+};