[SPARK-40859][INFRA] Upgrade action/checkout to v3 to cleanup warning

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Upgrade action/checkout to v3 (point ot v3.1 now).

### Why are the changes needed?
- https://github.com/actions/checkout/releases/tag/v3.1.0 cleanup "[The 'set-output' command is deprecated and will be disabled soon.](actions/checkout#959 (comment))"
- https://github.com/actions/checkout/releases/tag/v3.0.0 since v3, use the node 16 to cleanup "[Node.js 12 actions are deprecated](https://github.blog/changelog/2022-09-22-github-actions-all-actions-will-begin-running-on-node16-instead-of-node12/)"

According to actions/checkout#959 (comment), v2.5 also address 'set-output' warning, but only v3 support node 16, so we upgrade to v3.1 rather than v2.5

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
No, dev only

### How was this patch tested?
CI passed

Closes #38322 from Yikun/checkout-v3.

Authored-by: Yikun Jiang <yikunkero@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Yikun Jiang <yikunkero@gmail.com>

.github/workflows/benchmark.yml

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ jobs:
       SPARK_LOCAL_IP: localhost
     steps:
       - name: Checkout Spark repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
         # In order to get diff files
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ jobs:
           key: tpcds-${{ hashFiles('.github/workflows/benchmark.yml', 'sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/TPCDSSchema.scala') }}
       - name: Checkout tpcds-kit repository
         if: steps.cache-tpcds-sf-1.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
         with:
           repository: databricks/tpcds-kit
           ref: 2a5078a782192ddb6efbcead8de9973d6ab4f069
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ jobs:
       SPARK_TPCDS_DATA: ${{ github.workspace }}/tpcds-sf-1
     steps:
     - name: Checkout Spark repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
       # In order to get diff files
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0

.github/workflows/build_and_test.yml

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ jobs:
         }}
     steps:
     - name: Checkout Spark repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
         repository: apache/spark
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ jobs:
       SPARK_LOCAL_IP: localhost
     steps:
     - name: Checkout Spark repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
       # In order to fetch changed files
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ jobs:
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
           password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Checkout Spark repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
         # In order to fetch changed files
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ jobs:
       METASPACE_SIZE: 1g
     steps:
     - name: Checkout Spark repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
       # In order to fetch changed files
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ jobs:
       SKIP_MIMA: true
     steps:
     - name: Checkout Spark repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
       # In order to fetch changed files
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ jobs:
       image: ${{ needs.precondition.outputs.image_url }}
     steps:
     - name: Checkout Spark repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
         repository: apache/spark
@@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
     steps:
     - name: Checkout Spark repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
         repository: apache/spark
@@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
     steps:
     - name: Checkout Spark repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
         repository: apache/spark
@@ -732,7 +732,7 @@ jobs:
       SPARK_LOCAL_IP: localhost
     steps:
     - name: Checkout Spark repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
         repository: apache/spark
@@ -773,7 +773,7 @@ jobs:
         key: tpcds-${{ hashFiles('.github/workflows/build_and_test.yml', 'sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/TPCDSSchema.scala') }}
     - name: Checkout tpcds-kit repository
       if: steps.cache-tpcds-sf-1.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
       with:
         repository: databricks/tpcds-kit
         ref: 2a5078a782192ddb6efbcead8de9973d6ab4f069
@@ -834,7 +834,7 @@ jobs:
       SKIP_MIMA: true
     steps:
     - name: Checkout Spark repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
         repository: apache/spark
@@ -891,7 +891,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout Spark repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
           repository: apache/spark

.github/workflows/build_infra_images_cache.yml

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ jobs:
       packages: write
     steps:
       - name: Checkout Spark repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Set up QEMU
         uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v1
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx

.github/workflows/publish_snapshot.yml

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
           - branch-3.1
     steps:
     - name: Checkout Spark repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@61b9e3751b92087fd0b06925ba6dd6314e06f089 # pin@master
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
       with:
         ref: ${{ matrix.branch }}
     - name: Cache Maven local repository