pipelinewise-target-bigquery

Singer target that loads data into BigQuery following the Singer spec.

This is a PipelineWise compatible target connector.

How to use it

The recommended method of running this target is to use it from PipelineWise. When running it from PipelineWise you don't need to configure this tap with JSON files and most of things are automated. Please check the related documentation at Target BigQuery

If you want to run this Singer Target independently please read further.

Install

First, make sure Python 3 is installed on your system or follow these installation instructions for Mac or Ubuntu.

It's recommended to use a virtualenv:

  python3 -m venv venv
  pip install pipelinewise-target-bigquery

or

  python3 -m venv venv
  . venv/bin/activate
  pip install --upgrade pip
  pip install .

To run

Like any other target that's following the singer specificiation:

some-singer-tap | target-bigquery --config [config.json]

It's reading incoming messages from STDIN and using the properites in config.json to upload data into BigQuery.

Note: To avoid version conflicts run tap and targets in separate virtual environments.

Configuration settings

Running the the target connector requires a config.json file. An example with the minimal settings:

{
  "dataset_id": "source",
  "project_id": "mygbqproject"
}

Full list of options in config.json:

Property	Type	Required?	Description
dataset_id	String	Yes	BigQuery dataset
project_id	String	Yes	BigQuery project
temp_schema	String		Name of the schema where the temporary tables will be created. Will default to the same schema as the target tables
default_target_schema	String		Name of the schema where the tables will be created. If schema_mapping is not defined then every stream sent by the tap is loaded into this schema.
schema_mapping	Object		Useful if you want to load multiple streams from one tap to multiple BigQuery schemas. If the tap sends the stream_id in <schema_name>-<table_name> format then this option overwrites the default_target_schema value. Note, that using schema_mapping you can overwrite the default_target_schema_select_permission value to grant SELECT permissions to different groups per schemas or optionally you can create indices automatically for the replicated tables. Note: This is an experimental feature and recommended to use via PipelineWise YAML files that will generate the object mapping in the right JSON format. For further info check a PipelineWise YAML Example.
default_target_schema_select_permission	String		Grant USAGE privilege on newly created schemas and grant SELECT privilege on newly created
data_flattening_max_level	Integer		(Default: 0) Object type RECORD items from taps can be loaded into VARIANT columns as JSON (default) or we can flatten the schema by creating columns automatically. When value is 0 (default) then flattening functionality is turned off.
batch_size	Integer		(Default: 100000) Maximum number of rows in each batch. At the end of each batch, the rows in the batch are loaded into BigQuery.
add_metadata_columns	Boolean		(Default: False) Metadata columns add extra row level information about data ingestions, (i.e. when was the row read in source, when was inserted or deleted in bigquery etc.) Metadata columns are creating automatically by adding extra columns to the tables with a column prefix _SDC_. The column names are following the stitch naming conventions documented at https://www.stitchdata.com/docs/data-structure/integration-schemas#sdc-columns. Enabling metadata columns will flag the deleted rows by setting the _SDC_DELETED_AT metadata column. Without the add_metadata_columns option the deleted rows from singer taps will not be recongisable in BigQuery.
hard_delete	Boolean		(Default: False) When hard_delete option is true then DELETE SQL commands will be performed in BigQuery to delete rows in tables. It's achieved by continuously checking the _SDC_DELETED_AT metadata column sent by the singer tap. Due to deleting rows requires metadata columns, hard_delete option automatically enables the add_metadata_columns option as well.

Schema Changes

This target does follow the PipelineWise specification for schema changes except versioning columns because of the way BigQuery works.

BigQuery does not allow for column renames so a column modification works like this instead:

Versioning columns

Target connectors are versioning columns when data type change is detected in the source table. Versioning columns means that the old column with the old datatype is kept and a new column is created by adding a suffix to the name depending of the type (and also a timestamp for struct and arrays) to the column name with the new data type. This new column will be added to the table.

For example if the data type of COLUMN_THREE changes from INTEGER to VARCHAR PipelineWise will replicate data in this order:

1. Before changing data type COLUMN_THREE is INTEGER just like in in source table:

COLUMN_ONE	COLUMN_TWO	COLUMN_THREE (INTEGER)
text	text	1
text	text	2
text	text	3

2. After the data type change COLUMN_THREE remains INTEGER with the old data and a new COLUMN_TREE__st column created with STRING type that keeps data only after the change.

COLUMN_ONE	COLUMN_TWO	COLUMN_THREE (INTEGER)	COLUMN_THREE__st (VARCHAR)
text	text	111
text	text	222
text	text	333
text	text		444-ABC
text	text		555-DEF

.. warning::

Please note the NULL values in COLUMN_THREE and COLUMN_THREE__st columns. Historical values are not converted to the new data types! If you need the actual representation of the table after data type changes then you need to resync the table.

To run tests:

1. Define environment variables that requires running the tests

  export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS=<credentials-json-file>
  export TARGET_BIGQUERY_PROJECT=<bigquery project to run your tests on>
  export TARGET_BIGQUERY_SCHEMA=<temporary schema for running the tests>

2. Install python dependencies in a virtual env and run nose unit and integration tests

  python3 -m venv venv
  . venv/bin/activate
  pip install --upgrade pip
  pip install -e ".[test]"

3. To run unit tests:

  nosetests --where=tests/unit

4. To run integration tests:

  nosetests --where=tests/integration

To run pylint:

1. Install python dependencies and run python linter

  python3 -m venv venv
  . venv/bin/activate
  pip install --upgrade pip
  pip install .
  pip install pylint
  pylint target_bigquery -d C,W,unexpected-keyword-arg,duplicate-code

License

Apache License Version 2.0

See LICENSE to see the full text.