Add docs part 1

src/conversions/path.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use crate::intern;
 use crate::types::PyType;
 use crate::{FromPyObject, IntoPy, PyAny, PyObject, PyResult, Python, ToPyObject};
 use std::borrow::Cow;
@@ -18,10 +19,10 @@ impl FromPyObject<'_> for PathBuf {
             Ok(s) => s,
             Err(err) => {
                 let py = ob.py();
-                let pathlib = py.import("pathlib")?;
-                let pathlib_path: &PyType = pathlib.getattr("Path")?.downcast()?;
+                let pathlib = py.import(intern!(py, "pathlib"))?;
+                let pathlib_path: &PyType = pathlib.getattr(intern!(py, "Path"))?.downcast()?;
                 if ob.is_instance(pathlib_path)? {
-                    let path_str = ob.call_method0("__str__")?;
+                    let path_str = ob.call_method0(intern!(py, "__str__"))?;
                     OsString::extract(path_str)?
                 } else {
                     return Err(err);

src/err/mod.rs

@@ -137,7 +137,10 @@ impl PyErr {
     ///
     /// # Examples
     /// ```rust
-    /// use pyo3::{exceptions::PyTypeError, types::PyType, IntoPy, PyErr, Python};
+    /// use pyo3::prelude::*;
+    /// use pyo3::exceptions::PyTypeError;
+    /// use pyo3::types::{PyType, PyString};
+    ///
     /// Python::with_gil(|py| {
     ///     // Case #1: Exception object
     ///     let err = PyErr::from_value(PyTypeError::new_err("some type error").value(py));
@@ -148,7 +151,7 @@ impl PyErr {
     ///     assert_eq!(err.to_string(), "TypeError: ");
     ///
     ///     // Case #3: Invalid exception value
-    ///     let err = PyErr::from_value("foo".into_py(py).as_ref(py));
+    ///     let err = PyErr::from_value(PyString::new(py, "foo").into());
     ///     assert_eq!(
     ///         err.to_string(),
     ///         "TypeError: exceptions must derive from BaseException"

src/instance.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use crate::conversion::{PyTryFrom, ToBorrowedObject};
 use crate::err::{self, PyDowncastError, PyErr, PyResult};
 use crate::gil;
 use crate::pycell::{PyBorrowError, PyBorrowMutError, PyCell};
-use crate::types::{PyDict, PyTuple};
+use crate::types::{PyDict, PyString, PyTuple};
 use crate::{
     ffi, AsPyPointer, FromPyObject, IntoPy, IntoPyPointer, PyAny, PyClass, PyClassInitializer,
     PyRef, PyRefMut, PyTypeInfo, Python, ToPyObject,
@@ -643,49 +643,56 @@ impl<T> Py<T> {
     /// Calls a method on the object.
     ///
     /// This is equivalent to the Python expression `self.name(*args, **kwargs)`.
-    pub fn call_method(
+    pub fn call_method<N, A>(
         &self,
         py: Python<'_>,
-        name: &str,
-        args: impl IntoPy<Py<PyTuple>>,
+        name: N,
+        args: A,
         kwargs: Option<&PyDict>,
-    ) -> PyResult<PyObject> {
-        name.with_borrowed_ptr(py, |name| unsafe {
-            let args = args.into_py(py).into_ptr();
-            let kwargs = kwargs.into_ptr();
-            let ptr = ffi::PyObject_GetAttr(self.as_ptr(), name);
-            if ptr.is_null() {
-                return Err(PyErr::fetch(py));
-            }
+    ) -> PyResult<PyObject>
+    where
+        N: IntoPy<Py<PyString>>,
+        A: IntoPy<Py<PyTuple>>,
+    {
+        let name: Py<PyString> = name.into_py(py);
+        let args: Py<PyTuple> = args.into_py(py);
+
+        let ptr = self.getattr(py, name)?.into_ptr();
+        let args = args.into_ptr();
+        let kwargs = kwargs.into_ptr();
+
+        unsafe {
             let result = PyObject::from_owned_ptr_or_err(py, ffi::PyObject_Call(ptr, args, kwargs));
             ffi::Py_DECREF(ptr);
             ffi::Py_XDECREF(args);
             ffi::Py_XDECREF(kwargs);
             result
-        })
+        }
     }
 
     /// Calls a method on the object with only positional arguments.
     ///
     /// This is equivalent to the Python expression `self.name(*args)`.
-    pub fn call_method1(
-        &self,
-        py: Python<'_>,
-        name: &str,
-        args: impl IntoPy<Py<PyTuple>>,
-    ) -> PyResult<PyObject> {
+    pub fn call_method1<N, A>(&self, py: Python<'_>, name: N, args: A) -> PyResult<PyObject>
+    where
+        N: IntoPy<Py<PyString>>,
+        A: IntoPy<Py<PyTuple>>,
+    {
         self.call_method(py, name, args, None)
     }
 
     /// Calls a method on the object with no arguments.
     ///
     /// This is equivalent to the Python expression `self.name()`.
-    pub fn call_method0(&self, py: Python<'_>, name: &str) -> PyResult<PyObject> {
+    pub fn call_method0<N>(&self, py: Python<'_>, name: N) -> PyResult<PyObject>
+    where
+        N: IntoPy<Py<PyString>>,
+    {
         cfg_if::cfg_if! {
             if #[cfg(all(Py_3_9, not(any(Py_LIMITED_API, PyPy))))] {
                 // Optimized path on python 3.9+
                 unsafe {
-                    let name = name.into_py(py);
+                    let name: Py<PyString> = name.into_py(py);
                     PyObject::from_owned_ptr_or_err(py, ffi::PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(self.as_ptr(), name.as_ptr()))
                 }
             } else {

src/marker.rs

@@ -123,9 +123,11 @@ use crate::err::{self, PyDowncastError, PyErr, PyResult};
 use crate::gil::{self, GILGuard, GILPool};
 use crate::impl_::not_send::NotSend;
 use crate::type_object::{PyTypeInfo, PyTypeObject};
-use crate::types::{PyAny, PyDict, PyModule, PyType};
+use crate::types::{PyAny, PyDict, PyModule, PyString, PyType};
 use crate::version::PythonVersionInfo;
-use crate::{ffi, AsPyPointer, FromPyPointer, IntoPyPointer, PyNativeType, PyObject, PyTryFrom};
+use crate::{
+    ffi, AsPyPointer, FromPyPointer, IntoPy, IntoPyPointer, Py, PyNativeType, PyObject, PyTryFrom,
+};
 use std::ffi::{CStr, CString};
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::os::raw::c_int;
@@ -589,7 +591,10 @@ impl<'py> Python<'py> {
     }
 
     /// Imports the Python module with the specified name.
-    pub fn import(self, name: &str) -> PyResult<&'py PyModule> {
+    pub fn import<N>(self, name: N) -> PyResult<&'py PyModule>
+    where
+        N: IntoPy<Py<PyString>>,
+    {
         PyModule::import(self, name)
     }