guide: tidy up doctests

Cargo.toml

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ rustversion = "1.0"
 # 1.0.0 requires Rust 1.50
 proptest = { version = "0.10.1", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 send_wrapper = "0.5"
+serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1.0.61"
 
 [build-dependencies]

guide/src/class/call.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ is linked at the end.
 
 An example crate containing this pyclass can be found [here](https://github.com/PyO3/pyo3/tree/main/examples/decorator)
 
-```rust
+```rust,ignore
 {{#include ../../../examples/decorator/src/lib.rs}}
 ```
 

guide/src/features.md

@@ -115,6 +115,11 @@ Enables (de)serialization of Py<T> objects via [serde](https://serde.rs/).
 This allows to use [`#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)`](https://serde.rs/derive.html) on structs that hold references to `#[pyclass]` instances
 
 ```rust
+# #[cfg(feature = "serde")]
+# #[allow(dead_code)]
+# mod serde_only {
+# use pyo3::prelude::*;
+# use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 #[pyclass]
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -128,4 +133,5 @@ struct User {
     username: String,
     permissions: Vec<Py<Permission>>
 }
+# }
 ```

guide/src/memory.md

@@ -23,11 +23,16 @@ held. (If PyO3 could not assume this, every PyO3 API would need to take a
 very simple and easy-to-understand programs like this:
 
 ```rust
+# use pyo3::prelude::*;
+# use pyo3::types::PyString;
+# fn main() -> PyResult<()> {
 Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<()> {
     let hello: &PyString = py.eval("\"Hello World!\"", None, None)?.extract()?;
     println!("Python says: {}", hello);
     Ok(())
 })?;
+# Ok(())
+# }
 ```
 
 Internally, calling `Python::with_gil()` or `Python::acquire_gil()` creates a
@@ -39,6 +44,9 @@ it owns are decreased, releasing them to the Python garbage collector.  Most
 of the time we don't have to think about this, but consider the following:
 
 ```rust
+# use pyo3::prelude::*;
+# use pyo3::types::PyString;
+# fn main() -> PyResult<()> {
 Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<()> {
     for _ in 0..10 {
         let hello: &PyString = py.eval("\"Hello World!\"", None, None)?.extract()?;
@@ -47,6 +55,8 @@ Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<()> {
     // There are 10 copies of `hello` on Python's heap here.
     Ok(())
 })?;
+# Ok(())
+# }
 ```
 
 We might assume that the `hello` variable's memory is freed at the end of each
@@ -62,20 +72,28 @@ In general we don't want unbounded memory growth during loops!  One workaround
 is to acquire and release the GIL with each iteration of the loop.
 
 ```rust
+# use pyo3::prelude::*;
+# use pyo3::types::PyString;
+# fn main() -> PyResult<()> {
 for _ in 0..10 {
     Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<()> {
         let hello: &PyString = py.eval("\"Hello World!\"", None, None)?.extract()?;
         println!("Python says: {}", hello);
         Ok(())
     })?; // only one copy of `hello` at a time
 }
+# Ok(())
+# }
 ```
 
 It might not be practical or performant to acquire and release the GIL so many
 times.  Another workaround is to work with the `GILPool` object directly, but
 this is unsafe.
 
 ```rust
+# use pyo3::prelude::*;
+# use pyo3::types::PyString;
+# fn main() -> PyResult<()> {
 Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<()> {
     for _ in 0..10 {
         let pool = unsafe { py.new_pool() };
@@ -85,6 +103,8 @@ Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<()> {
     }
     Ok(())
 })?;
+# Ok(())
+# }
 ```
 
 The unsafe method `Python::new_pool` allows you to create a nested `GILPool`
@@ -112,11 +132,16 @@ What happens to the memory when the last `Py<PyAny>` is dropped and its
 reference count reaches zero?  It depends whether or not we are holding the GIL.
 
 ```rust
+# use pyo3::prelude::*;
+# use pyo3::types::PyString;
+# fn main() -> PyResult<()> {
 Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<()> {
-    let hello: Py<PyString> = py.eval("\"Hello World!\"", None, None)?.extract())?;
+    let hello: Py<PyString> = py.eval("\"Hello World!\"", None, None)?.extract()?;
     println!("Python says: {}", hello.as_ref(py));
     Ok(())
-});
+})?;
+# Ok(())
+# }
 ```
 
 At the end of the `Python::with_gil()` closure `hello` is dropped, and then the
@@ -129,8 +154,11 @@ This example wasn't very interesting.  We could have just used a GIL-bound
 we are *not* holding the GIL?
 
 ```rust
+# use pyo3::prelude::*;
+# use pyo3::types::PyString;
+# fn main() -> PyResult<()> {
 let hello: Py<PyString> = Python::with_gil(|py| {
-    py.eval("\"Hello World!\"", None, None)?.extract())
+    py.eval("\"Hello World!\"", None, None)?.extract()
 })?;
 // Do some stuff...
 // Now sometime later in the program we want to access `hello`.
@@ -142,7 +170,10 @@ drop(hello); // Memory *not* released here.
 // Sometime later we need the GIL again for something...
 Python::with_gil(|py|
     // Memory for `hello` is released here.
+# ()
 );
+# Ok(())
+# }
 ```
 
 When `hello` is dropped *nothing* happens to the pointed-to memory on Python's
@@ -154,15 +185,20 @@ We can avoid the delay in releasing memory if we are careful to drop the
 `Py<Any>` while the GIL is held.
 
 ```rust
+# use pyo3::prelude::*;
+# use pyo3::types::PyString;
+# fn main() -> PyResult<()> {
 let hello: Py<PyString> = Python::with_gil(|py| {
-    py.eval("\"Hello World!\"", None, None)?.extract())
+    py.eval("\"Hello World!\"", None, None)?.extract()
 })?;
 // Do some stuff...
 // Now sometime later in the program:
 Python::with_gil(|py| {
     println!("Python says: {}", hello.as_ref(py));
     drop(hello); // Memory released here.
 });
+# Ok(())
+# }
 ```
 
 We could also have used `Py::into_ref()`, which consumes `self`, instead of
@@ -172,8 +208,11 @@ that rather than being released immediately, the memory will not be released
 until the GIL is dropped.
 
 ```rust
+# use pyo3::prelude::*;
+# use pyo3::types::PyString;
+# fn main() -> PyResult<()> {
 let hello: Py<PyString> = Python::with_gil(|py| {
-    py.eval("\"Hello World!\"", None, None)?.extract())
+    py.eval("\"Hello World!\"", None, None)?.extract()
 })?;
 // Do some stuff...
 // Now sometime later in the program:
@@ -183,4 +222,6 @@ Python::with_gil(|py| {
     // Do more stuff...
     // Memory released here at end of `with_gil()` closure.
 });
+# Ok(())
+# }
 ```

src/lib.rs

@@ -417,48 +417,42 @@ pub mod doc_test {
         };
     }
 
-    macro_rules! doctest {
-        ($path:expr, $mod:ident) => {
-            doctest_impl!(include_str!(concat!("../", $path)), $mod);
+    macro_rules! doctests {
+        ($($path:expr => $mod:ident),* $(,)?) => {
+            $(doctest_impl!(include_str!(concat!("../", $path)), $mod);)*
         };
     }
 
-    doctest!("README.md", readme_md);
-    doctest!("guide/src/advanced.md", guide_advanced_md);
-    doctest!(
-        "guide/src/building_and_distribution.md",
-        guide_building_and_distribution_md
-    );
-    doctest!("guide/src/class.md", guide_class_md);
-    doctest!("guide/src/class/protocols.md", guide_class_protocols_md);
-    doctest!("guide/src/conversions.md", guide_conversions_md);
-    doctest!(
-        "guide/src/conversions/tables.md",
-        guide_conversions_tables_md
-    );
+    doctests! {
+        "README.md" => readme_md,
+        "guide/src/advanced.md" => guide_advanced_md,
+        "guide/src/building_and_distribution.md" => guide_building_and_distribution_md,
+        "guide/src/building_and_distribution/multiple_python_versions.md" => guide_bnd_multiple_python_versions_md,
+        "guide/src/class.md" => guide_class_md,
+        "guide/src/class/call.md" => guide_class_call,
+        "guide/src/class/object.md" => guide_class_object,
+        "guide/src/class/numeric.md" => guide_class_numeric,
+        "guide/src/class/protocols.md" => guide_class_protocols_md,
+        "guide/src/conversions.md" => guide_conversions_md,
+        "guide/src/conversions/tables.md" => guide_conversions_tables_md,
+        "guide/src/conversions/traits.md" => guide_conversions_traits_md,
+        "guide/src/debugging.md" => guide_debugging_md,
 
-    doctest!(
-        "guide/src/conversions/traits.md",
-        guide_conversions_traits_md
-    );
-    doctest!("guide/src/debugging.md", guide_debugging_md);
-    doctest!("guide/src/exception.md", guide_exception_md);
-    doctest!("guide/src/function.md", guide_function_md);
-    doctest!("guide/src/migration.md", guide_migration_md);
-    doctest!("guide/src/module.md", guide_module_md);
-    doctest!("guide/src/parallelism.md", guide_parallelism_md);
-    doctest!("guide/src/python_from_rust.md", guide_python_from_rust_md);
-    doctest!("guide/src/rust_cpython.md", guide_rust_cpython_md);
-    doctest!("guide/src/trait_bounds.md", guide_trait_bounds_md);
-    doctest!("guide/src/types.md", guide_types_md);
-    doctest!("guide/src/faq.md", faq);
-    doctest!(
-        "guide/src/python_typing_hints.md",
-        guide_python_typing_hints
-    );
-    doctest!("guide/src/class/object.md", guide_class_object);
-    doctest!("guide/src/class/numeric.md", guide_class_numeric);
+        // deliberate choice not to test guide/ecosystem because those pages depend on external
+        // crates such as pyo3_asyncio.
 
-    // deliberate choice not to test guide/ecosystem because those pages depend on external crates
-    // such as pyo3_asyncio.
+        "guide/src/exception.md" => guide_exception_md,
+        "guide/src/faq.md" => guide_faq_md,
+        "guide/src/features.md" => guide_features_md,
+        "guide/src/function.md" => guide_function_md,
+        "guide/src/memory.md" => guide_memory_md,
+        "guide/src/migration.md" => guide_migration_md,
+        "guide/src/module.md" => guide_module_md,
+        "guide/src/parallelism.md" => guide_parallelism_md,
+        "guide/src/python_from_rust.md" => guide_python_from_rust_md,
+        "guide/src/python_typing_hints.md" => guide_python_typing_hints_md,
+        "guide/src/rust_cpython.md" => guide_rust_cpython_md,
+        "guide/src/trait_bounds.md" => guide_trait_bounds_md,
+        "guide/src/types.md" => guide_types_md,
+    }
 }