feat: copied d.ts types from DefinitelyTyped

[kelvinsjk]

What is the previous behavior before this PR?

Using KaTeX in TypeScript meant having to install the types from @types/katex

What is the new behavior after this PR?

The types are now bundled together

Closes #3531

Notes: I couldn't get the types to work correctly with the "exports" section in the package.json file, so I didn't include the types for the auto-render extension that are on DefinitelyTyped. However, have tested locally that the "types" key in the package.json file works as intended and provides types to my TypeScript imports of the main KaTeX library

[joshuawwright]

@edemaine Any chance this can be approved?

[edemaine]

Sorry for the long delay. Have you tested this in both ESM and CJS modes? I intend to but it would be good for both of us to check. I thought getting both to work would require more effort than what I see here.

[edemaine]

Suggested change

	* If set to `Infinity`, marco expander will try to fully expand
	* If set to `Infinity`, macro expander will try to fully expand

[edemaine]

Suggested change

	* writing in LaTex convenient but not supported by LaTex
	* writing in LaTeX convenient but not supported by LaTeX

This clear typo makes me wonder whether we should instead copy descriptions from the official documentation, which are likely more precise.

[kelvinsjk]

I only tested naively locally (letting typescript handle the import). Will try out for both esm and cjs.

Will also give the extensions typing another go and use the official documentation instead of the blind copy/paste from the types package currently.

I foresee taking a couple of weeks to get back to this, so if anyone wants to give it a go before that please do!