test_validators.py

# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

"""
Tests for `attr.validators`.
"""

from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function

import re

import pytest

import attr

from attr import _config, fields, has
from attr import validators as validator_module
from attr._compat import PY2, TYPE
from attr.validators import (
    and_,
    deep_iterable,
    deep_mapping,
    ge,
    gt,
    in_,
    instance_of,
    is_callable,
    le,
    lt,
    matches_re,
    max_len,
    min_len,
    optional,
    provides,
)

from .utils import simple_attr


@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
def zope_interface():
    """Provides ``zope.interface`` if available, skipping the test if not."""
    try:
        import zope.interface
    except ImportError:
        raise pytest.skip(
            "zope-related tests skipped when zope.interface is not installed"
        )

    return zope.interface


class TestDisableValidators(object):
    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
    def reset_default(self):
        """
        Make sure validators are always enabled after a test.
        """
        yield
        _config._run_validators = True

    def test_default(self):
        """
        Run validators by default.
        """
        assert _config._run_validators is True

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("value, expected", [(True, False), (False, True)])
    def test_set_validators_disabled(self, value, expected):
        """
        Sets `_run_validators`.
        """
        validator_module.set_disabled(value)

        assert _config._run_validators is expected

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("value, expected", [(True, False), (False, True)])
    def test_disabled(self, value, expected):
        """
        Returns `_run_validators`.
        """
        _config._run_validators = value

        assert validator_module.get_disabled() is expected

    def test_disabled_ctx(self):
        """
        The `disabled` context manager disables running validators,
        but only within its context.
        """
        assert _config._run_validators is True

        with validator_module.disabled():
            assert _config._run_validators is False

        assert _config._run_validators is True

    def test_disabled_ctx_with_errors(self):
        """
        Running validators is re-enabled even if an error is raised.
        """
        assert _config._run_validators is True

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            with validator_module.disabled():
                assert _config._run_validators is False

                raise ValueError("haha!")

        assert _config._run_validators is True


class TestInstanceOf(object):
    """
    Tests for `instance_of`.
    """

    def test_in_all(self):
        """
        Verify that this validator is in ``__all__``.
        """
        assert instance_of.__name__ in validator_module.__all__

    def test_success(self):
        """
        Nothing happens if types match.
        """
        v = instance_of(int)
        v(None, simple_attr("test"), 42)

    def test_subclass(self):
        """
        Subclasses are accepted too.
        """
        v = instance_of(int)
        # yep, bools are a subclass of int :(
        v(None, simple_attr("test"), True)

    def test_fail(self):
        """
        Raises `TypeError` on wrong types.
        """
        v = instance_of(int)
        a = simple_attr("test")
        with pytest.raises(TypeError) as e:
            v(None, a, "42")
        assert (
            "'test' must be <{type} 'int'> (got '42' that is a <{type} "
            "'str'>).".format(type=TYPE),
            a,
            int,
            "42",
        ) == e.value.args

    def test_repr(self):
        """
        Returned validator has a useful `__repr__`.
        """
        v = instance_of(int)
        assert (
            "<instance_of validator for type <{type} 'int'>>".format(type=TYPE)
        ) == repr(v)


class TestMatchesRe(object):
    """
    Tests for `matches_re`.
    """

    def test_in_all(self):
        """
        validator is in ``__all__``.
        """
        assert matches_re.__name__ in validator_module.__all__

    def test_match(self):
        """
        Silent on matches, raises ValueError on mismatches.
        """

        @attr.s
        class ReTester(object):
            str_match = attr.ib(validator=matches_re("a|ab"))

        ReTester("ab")  # shouldn't raise exceptions
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            ReTester(1)
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            ReTester("1")
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            ReTester("a1")

    def test_flags(self):
        """
        Flags are propagated to the match function.
        """

        @attr.s
        class MatchTester(object):
            val = attr.ib(validator=matches_re("a", re.IGNORECASE, re.match))

        MatchTester("A1")  # test flags and using re.match

    def test_precompiled_pattern(self):
        """
        Pre-compiled patterns are accepted.
        """
        pattern = re.compile("a")

        @attr.s
        class RePatternTester(object):
            val = attr.ib(validator=matches_re(pattern))

        RePatternTester("a")

    def test_precompiled_pattern_no_flags(self):
        """
        A pre-compiled pattern cannot be combined with a 'flags' argument.
        """
        pattern = re.compile("")

        with pytest.raises(
            TypeError, match="can only be used with a string pattern"
        ):
            matches_re(pattern, flags=re.IGNORECASE)

    def test_different_func(self):
        """
        Changing the match functions works.
        """

        @attr.s
        class SearchTester(object):
            val = attr.ib(validator=matches_re("a", 0, re.search))

        SearchTester("bab")  # re.search will match

    def test_catches_invalid_func(self):
        """
        Invalid match functions are caught.
        """
        with pytest.raises(ValueError) as ei:
            matches_re("a", 0, lambda: None)

        if not PY2:
            assert (
                "'func' must be one of None, fullmatch, match, search."
                == ei.value.args[0]
            )
        else:
            assert (
                "'func' must be one of None, match, search."
                == ei.value.args[0]
            )

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "func", [None, getattr(re, "fullmatch", None), re.match, re.search]
    )
    def test_accepts_all_valid_func(self, func):
        """
        Every valid match function is accepted.
        """
        matches_re("a", func=func)

    def test_repr(self):
        """
        __repr__ is meaningful.
        """
        assert repr(matches_re("a")).startswith(
            "<matches_re validator for pattern"
        )


def always_pass(_, __, ___):
    """
    Toy validator that always passes.
    """


def always_fail(_, __, ___):
    """
    Toy validator that always fails.
    """
    0 / 0


class TestAnd(object):
    def test_in_all(self):
        """
        Verify that this validator is in ``__all__``.
        """
        assert and_.__name__ in validator_module.__all__

    def test_success(self):
        """
        Succeeds if all wrapped validators succeed.
        """
        v = and_(instance_of(int), always_pass)

        v(None, simple_attr("test"), 42)

    def test_fail(self):
        """
        Fails if any wrapped validator fails.
        """
        v = and_(instance_of(int), always_fail)

        with pytest.raises(ZeroDivisionError):
            v(None, simple_attr("test"), 42)

    def test_sugar(self):
        """
        `and_(v1, v2, v3)` and `[v1, v2, v3]` are equivalent.
        """

        @attr.s
        class C(object):
            a1 = attr.ib("a1", validator=and_(instance_of(int)))
            a2 = attr.ib("a2", validator=[instance_of(int)])

        assert C.__attrs_attrs__[0].validator == C.__attrs_attrs__[1].validator


@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
def ifoo(zope_interface):
    """Provides a test ``zope.interface.Interface`` in ``zope`` tests."""

    class IFoo(zope_interface.Interface):
        """
        An interface.
        """

        def f():
            """
            A function called f.
            """

    return IFoo


class TestProvides(object):
    """
    Tests for `provides`.
    """

    def test_in_all(self):
        """
        Verify that this validator is in ``__all__``.
        """
        assert provides.__name__ in validator_module.__all__

    def test_success(self, zope_interface, ifoo):
        """
        Nothing happens if value provides requested interface.
        """

        @zope_interface.implementer(ifoo)
        class C(object):
            def f(self):
                pass

        v = provides(ifoo)
        v(None, simple_attr("x"), C())

    def test_fail(self, ifoo):
        """
        Raises `TypeError` if interfaces isn't provided by value.
        """
        value = object()
        a = simple_attr("x")

        v = provides(ifoo)
        with pytest.raises(TypeError) as e:
            v(None, a, value)
        assert (
            "'x' must provide {interface!r} which {value!r} doesn't.".format(
                interface=ifoo, value=value
            ),
            a,
            ifoo,
            value,
        ) == e.value.args

    def test_repr(self, ifoo):
        """
        Returned validator has a useful `__repr__`.
        """
        v = provides(ifoo)
        assert (
            "<provides validator for interface {interface!r}>".format(
                interface=ifoo
            )
        ) == repr(v)


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "validator", [instance_of(int), [always_pass, instance_of(int)]]
)
class TestOptional(object):
    """
    Tests for `optional`.
    """

    def test_in_all(self, validator):
        """
        Verify that this validator is in ``__all__``.
        """
        assert optional.__name__ in validator_module.__all__

    def test_success(self, validator):
        """
        Nothing happens if validator succeeds.
        """
        v = optional(validator)
        v(None, simple_attr("test"), 42)

    def test_success_with_none(self, validator):
        """
        Nothing happens if None.
        """
        v = optional(validator)
        v(None, simple_attr("test"), None)

    def test_fail(self, validator):
        """
        Raises `TypeError` on wrong types.
        """
        v = optional(validator)
        a = simple_attr("test")
        with pytest.raises(TypeError) as e:
            v(None, a, "42")
        assert (
            "'test' must be <{type} 'int'> (got '42' that is a <{type} "
            "'str'>).".format(type=TYPE),
            a,
            int,
            "42",
        ) == e.value.args

    def test_repr(self, validator):
        """
        Returned validator has a useful `__repr__`.
        """
        v = optional(validator)

        if isinstance(validator, list):
            repr_s = (
                "<optional validator for _AndValidator(_validators=[{func}, "
                "<instance_of validator for type <{type} 'int'>>]) or None>"
            ).format(func=repr(always_pass), type=TYPE)
        else:
            repr_s = (
                "<optional validator for <instance_of validator for type "
                "<{type} 'int'>> or None>"
            ).format(type=TYPE)

        assert repr_s == repr(v)


class TestIn_(object):
    """
    Tests for `in_`.
    """

    def test_in_all(self):
        """
        Verify that this validator is in ``__all__``.
        """
        assert in_.__name__ in validator_module.__all__

    def test_success_with_value(self):
        """
        If the value is in our options, nothing happens.
        """
        v = in_([1, 2, 3])
        a = simple_attr("test")
        v(1, a, 3)

    def test_fail(self):
        """
        Raise ValueError if the value is outside our options.
        """
        v = in_([1, 2, 3])
        a = simple_attr("test")
        with pytest.raises(ValueError) as e:
            v(None, a, None)
        assert ("'test' must be in [1, 2, 3] (got None)",) == e.value.args

    def test_fail_with_string(self):
        """
        Raise ValueError if the value is outside our options when the
        options are specified as a string and the value is not a string.
        """
        v = in_("abc")
        a = simple_attr("test")
        with pytest.raises(ValueError) as e:
            v(None, a, None)
        assert ("'test' must be in 'abc' (got None)",) == e.value.args

    def test_repr(self):
        """
        Returned validator has a useful `__repr__`.
        """
        v = in_([3, 4, 5])
        assert (("<in_ validator with options [3, 4, 5]>")) == repr(v)


@pytest.fixture(
    name="member_validator",
    params=(instance_of(int), [always_pass, instance_of(int)]),
    scope="module",
)
def _member_validator(request):
    """
    Provides sample `member_validator`s for some tests in `TestDeepIterable`
    """
    return request.param


class TestDeepIterable(object):
    """
    Tests for `deep_iterable`.
    """

    def test_in_all(self):
        """
        Verify that this validator is in ``__all__``.
        """
        assert deep_iterable.__name__ in validator_module.__all__

    def test_success_member_only(self, member_validator):
        """
        If the member validator succeeds and the iterable validator is not set,
        nothing happens.
        """
        v = deep_iterable(member_validator)
        a = simple_attr("test")
        v(None, a, [42])

    def test_success_member_and_iterable(self, member_validator):
        """
        If both the member and iterable validators succeed, nothing happens.
        """
        iterable_validator = instance_of(list)
        v = deep_iterable(member_validator, iterable_validator)
        a = simple_attr("test")
        v(None, a, [42])

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "member_validator, iterable_validator",
        (
            (instance_of(int), 42),
            (42, instance_of(list)),
            (42, 42),
            (42, None),
            ([instance_of(int), 42], 42),
            ([42, instance_of(int)], 42),
        ),
    )
    def test_noncallable_validators(
        self, member_validator, iterable_validator
    ):
        """
        Raise `TypeError` if any validators are not callable.
        """
        with pytest.raises(TypeError) as e:
            deep_iterable(member_validator, iterable_validator)
        value = 42
        message = "must be callable (got {value} that is a {type_}).".format(
            value=value, type_=value.__class__
        )

        assert message in e.value.args[0]
        assert value == e.value.args[1]
        assert message in e.value.msg
        assert value == e.value.value

    def test_fail_invalid_member(self, member_validator):
        """
        Raise member validator error if an invalid member is found.
        """
        v = deep_iterable(member_validator)
        a = simple_attr("test")
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            v(None, a, [42, "42"])

    def test_fail_invalid_iterable(self, member_validator):
        """
        Raise iterable validator error if an invalid iterable is found.
        """
        member_validator = instance_of(int)
        iterable_validator = instance_of(tuple)
        v = deep_iterable(member_validator, iterable_validator)
        a = simple_attr("test")
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            v(None, a, [42])

    def test_fail_invalid_member_and_iterable(self, member_validator):
        """
        Raise iterable validator error if both the iterable
        and a member are invalid.
        """
        iterable_validator = instance_of(tuple)
        v = deep_iterable(member_validator, iterable_validator)
        a = simple_attr("test")
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            v(None, a, [42, "42"])

    def test_repr_member_only(self, member_validator):
        """
        Returned validator has a useful `__repr__`
        when only member validator is set.
        """
        if isinstance(member_validator, list):
            member_repr = (
                "_AndValidator(_validators=[{func}, "
                "<instance_of validator for type <{type} 'int'>>])"
            ).format(func=repr(always_pass), type=TYPE)
        else:
            member_repr = (
                "<instance_of validator for type <{type} 'int'>>".format(
                    type=TYPE
                )
            )
        v = deep_iterable(member_validator)
        expected_repr = (
            "<deep_iterable validator for iterables of {member_repr}>"
        ).format(member_repr=member_repr)
        assert ((expected_repr)) == repr(v)

    def test_repr_member_and_iterable(self):
        """
        Returned validator has a useful `__repr__` when both member
        and iterable validators are set.
        """
        member_validator = instance_of(int)
        member_repr = "<instance_of validator for type <{type} 'int'>>".format(
            type=TYPE
        )
        iterable_validator = instance_of(list)
        iterable_repr = (
            "<instance_of validator for type <{type} 'list'>>"
        ).format(type=TYPE)
        v = deep_iterable(member_validator, iterable_validator)
        expected_repr = (
            "<deep_iterable validator for"
            " {iterable_repr} iterables of {member_repr}>"
        ).format(iterable_repr=iterable_repr, member_repr=member_repr)
        assert expected_repr == repr(v)

    def test_repr_sequence_member_and_iterable(self):
        """
        Returned validator has a useful `__repr__` when both member
        and iterable validators are set and the member validator is a list of
        validators
        """
        member_validator = [always_pass, instance_of(int)]
        member_repr = (
            "_AndValidator(_validators=[{func}, "
            "<instance_of validator for type <{type} 'int'>>])"
        ).format(func=repr(always_pass), type=TYPE)
        iterable_validator = instance_of(list)
        iterable_repr = (
            "<instance_of validator for type <{type} 'list'>>"
        ).format(type=TYPE)
        v = deep_iterable(member_validator, iterable_validator)
        expected_repr = (
            "<deep_iterable validator for"
            " {iterable_repr} iterables of {member_repr}>"
        ).format(iterable_repr=iterable_repr, member_repr=member_repr)
        assert expected_repr == repr(v)


class TestDeepMapping(object):
    """
    Tests for `deep_mapping`.
    """

    def test_in_all(self):
        """
        Verify that this validator is in ``__all__``.
        """
        assert deep_mapping.__name__ in validator_module.__all__

    def test_success(self):
        """
        If both the key and value validators succeed, nothing happens.
        """
        key_validator = instance_of(str)
        value_validator = instance_of(int)
        v = deep_mapping(key_validator, value_validator)
        a = simple_attr("test")
        v(None, a, {"a": 6, "b": 7})

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "key_validator, value_validator, mapping_validator",
        (
            (42, instance_of(int), None),
            (instance_of(str), 42, None),
            (instance_of(str), instance_of(int), 42),
            (42, 42, None),
            (42, 42, 42),
        ),
    )
    def test_noncallable_validators(
        self, key_validator, value_validator, mapping_validator
    ):
        """
        Raise `TypeError` if any validators are not callable.
        """
        with pytest.raises(TypeError) as e:
            deep_mapping(key_validator, value_validator, mapping_validator)

        value = 42
        message = "must be callable (got {value} that is a {type_}).".format(
            value=value, type_=value.__class__
        )

        assert message in e.value.args[0]
        assert value == e.value.args[1]
        assert message in e.value.msg
        assert value == e.value.value

    def test_fail_invalid_mapping(self):
        """
        Raise `TypeError` if mapping validator fails.
        """
        key_validator = instance_of(str)
        value_validator = instance_of(int)
        mapping_validator = instance_of(dict)
        v = deep_mapping(key_validator, value_validator, mapping_validator)
        a = simple_attr("test")
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            v(None, a, None)

    def test_fail_invalid_key(self):
        """
        Raise key validator error if an invalid key is found.
        """
        key_validator = instance_of(str)
        value_validator = instance_of(int)
        v = deep_mapping(key_validator, value_validator)
        a = simple_attr("test")
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            v(None, a, {"a": 6, 42: 7})

    def test_fail_invalid_member(self):
        """
        Raise key validator error if an invalid member value is found.
        """
        key_validator = instance_of(str)
        value_validator = instance_of(int)
        v = deep_mapping(key_validator, value_validator)
        a = simple_attr("test")
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            v(None, a, {"a": "6", "b": 7})

    def test_repr(self):
        """
        Returned validator has a useful `__repr__`.
        """
        key_validator = instance_of(str)
        key_repr = "<instance_of validator for type <{type} 'str'>>".format(
            type=TYPE
        )
        value_validator = instance_of(int)
        value_repr = "<instance_of validator for type <{type} 'int'>>".format(
            type=TYPE
        )
        v = deep_mapping(key_validator, value_validator)
        expected_repr = (
            "<deep_mapping validator for objects mapping "
            "{key_repr} to {value_repr}>"
        ).format(key_repr=key_repr, value_repr=value_repr)
        assert expected_repr == repr(v)


class TestIsCallable(object):
    """
    Tests for `is_callable`.
    """

    def test_in_all(self):
        """
        Verify that this validator is in ``__all__``.
        """
        assert is_callable.__name__ in validator_module.__all__

    def test_success(self):
        """
        If the value is callable, nothing happens.
        """
        v = is_callable()
        a = simple_attr("test")
        v(None, a, isinstance)

    def test_fail(self):
        """
        Raise TypeError if the value is not callable.
        """
        v = is_callable()
        a = simple_attr("test")
        with pytest.raises(TypeError) as e:
            v(None, a, None)

        value = None
        message = "'test' must be callable (got {value} that is a {type_})."
        expected_message = message.format(value=value, type_=value.__class__)

        assert expected_message == e.value.args[0]
        assert value == e.value.args[1]
        assert expected_message == e.value.msg
        assert value == e.value.value

    def test_repr(self):
        """
        Returned validator has a useful `__repr__`.
        """
        v = is_callable()
        assert "<is_callable validator>" == repr(v)

    def test_exception_repr(self):
        """
        Verify that NotCallableError exception has a useful `__str__`.
        """
        from attr.exceptions import NotCallableError

        instance = NotCallableError(msg="Some Message", value=42)
        assert "Some Message" == str(instance)


def test_hashability():
    """
    Validator classes are hashable.
    """
    for obj_name in dir(validator_module):
        obj = getattr(validator_module, obj_name)
        if not has(obj):
            continue
        hash_func = getattr(obj, "__hash__", None)
        assert hash_func is not None
        assert hash_func is not object.__hash__


class TestLtLeGeGt:
    """
    Tests for `Lt, Le, Ge, Gt`.
    """

    BOUND = 4

    def test_in_all(self):
        """
        validator is in ``__all__``.
        """
        assert all(
            f.__name__ in validator_module.__all__ for f in [lt, le, ge, gt]
        )

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("v", [lt, le, ge, gt])
    def test_retrieve_bound(self, v):
        """
        The configured bound for the comparison can be extracted from the
        Attribute.
        """

        @attr.s
        class Tester(object):
            value = attr.ib(validator=v(self.BOUND))

        assert fields(Tester).value.validator.bound == self.BOUND

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "v, value",
        [
            (lt, 3),
            (le, 3),
            (le, 4),
            (ge, 4),
            (ge, 5),
            (gt, 5),
        ],
    )
    def test_check_valid(self, v, value):
        """Silent if value {op} bound."""

        @attr.s
        class Tester(object):
            value = attr.ib(validator=v(self.BOUND))

        Tester(value)  # shouldn't raise exceptions

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "v, value",
        [
            (lt, 4),
            (le, 5),
            (ge, 3),
            (gt, 4),
        ],
    )
    def test_check_invalid(self, v, value):
        """Raise ValueError if value {op} bound."""

        @attr.s
        class Tester(object):
            value = attr.ib(validator=v(self.BOUND))

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            Tester(value)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("v", [lt, le, ge, gt])
    def test_repr(self, v):
        """
        __repr__ is meaningful.
        """
        nv = v(23)
        assert repr(nv) == "<Validator for x {op} {bound}>".format(
            op=nv.compare_op, bound=23
        )


class TestMaxLen:
    """
    Tests for `max_len`.
    """

    MAX_LENGTH = 4

    def test_in_all(self):
        """
        validator is in ``__all__``.
        """
        assert max_len.__name__ in validator_module.__all__

    def test_retrieve_max_len(self):
        """
        The configured max. length can be extracted from the Attribute
        """

        @attr.s
        class Tester(object):
            value = attr.ib(validator=max_len(self.MAX_LENGTH))

        assert fields(Tester).value.validator.max_length == self.MAX_LENGTH

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "value",
        [
            "",
            "foo",
            "spam",
            [],
            list(range(MAX_LENGTH)),
            {"spam": 3, "eggs": 4},
        ],
    )
    def test_check_valid(self, value):
        """
        Silent if len(value) <= max_len.
        Values can be strings and other iterables.
        """

        @attr.s
        class Tester(object):
            value = attr.ib(validator=max_len(self.MAX_LENGTH))

        Tester(value)  # shouldn't raise exceptions

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "value",
        [
            "bacon",
            list(range(6)),
        ],
    )
    def test_check_invalid(self, value):
        """
        Raise ValueError if len(value) > max_len.
        """

        @attr.s
        class Tester(object):
            value = attr.ib(validator=max_len(self.MAX_LENGTH))

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            Tester(value)

    def test_repr(self):
        """
        __repr__ is meaningful.
        """
        assert repr(max_len(23)) == "<max_len validator for 23>"


class TestMinLen:
    """
    Tests for `min_len`.
    """

    MIN_LENGTH = 2

    def test_in_all(self):
        """
        validator is in ``__all__``.
        """
        assert min_len.__name__ in validator_module.__all__

    def test_retrieve_min_len(self):
        """
        The configured min. length can be extracted from the Attribute
        """

        @attr.s
        class Tester(object):
            value = attr.ib(validator=min_len(self.MIN_LENGTH))

        assert fields(Tester).value.validator.min_length == self.MIN_LENGTH

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "value",
        [
            "foo",
            "spam",
            list(range(MIN_LENGTH)),
            {"spam": 3, "eggs": 4},
        ],
    )
    def test_check_valid(self, value):
        """
        Silent if len(value) => min_len.
        Values can be strings and other iterables.
        """

        @attr.s
        class Tester(object):
            value = attr.ib(validator=min_len(self.MIN_LENGTH))

        Tester(value)  # shouldn't raise exceptions

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "value",
        [
            "",
            list(range(1)),
        ],
    )
    def test_check_invalid(self, value):
        """
        Raise ValueError if len(value) < min_len.
        """

        @attr.s
        class Tester(object):
            value = attr.ib(validator=min_len(self.MIN_LENGTH))

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            Tester(value)

    def test_repr(self):
        """
        __repr__ is meaningful.
        """
        assert repr(min_len(23)) == "<min_len validator for 23>"