flag.go

package cli

import (
	"errors"
	"flag"
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"regexp"
	"runtime"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"syscall"
	"time"
)

const defaultPlaceholder = "value"

var (
	slPfx = fmt.Sprintf("sl:::%d:::", time.Now().UTC().UnixNano())

	commaWhitespace = regexp.MustCompile("[, ]+.*")
)

// BashCompletionFlag enables bash-completion for all commands and subcommands
var BashCompletionFlag Flag = &BoolFlag{
	Name:   "generate-bash-completion",
	Hidden: true,
}

// VersionFlag prints the version for the application
var VersionFlag Flag = &BoolFlag{
	Name:    "version",
	Aliases: []string{"v"},
	Usage:   "print the version",
}

// HelpFlag prints the help for all commands and subcommands.
// Set to nil to disable the flag.  The subcommand
// will still be added unless HideHelp or HideHelpCommand is set to true.
var HelpFlag Flag = &BoolFlag{
	Name:    "help",
	Aliases: []string{"h"},
	Usage:   "show help",
}

// FlagStringer converts a flag definition to a string. This is used by help
// to display a flag.
var FlagStringer FlagStringFunc = stringifyFlag

// Serializer is used to circumvent the limitations of flag.FlagSet.Set
type Serializer interface {
	Serialize() string
}

// FlagNamePrefixer converts a full flag name and its placeholder into the help
// message flag prefix. This is used by the default FlagStringer.
var FlagNamePrefixer FlagNamePrefixFunc = prefixedNames

// FlagEnvHinter annotates flag help message with the environment variable
// details. This is used by the default FlagStringer.
var FlagEnvHinter FlagEnvHintFunc = withEnvHint

// FlagFileHinter annotates flag help message with the environment variable
// details. This is used by the default FlagStringer.
var FlagFileHinter FlagFileHintFunc = withFileHint

// FlagsByName is a slice of Flag.
type FlagsByName []Flag

func (f FlagsByName) Len() int {
	return len(f)
}

func (f FlagsByName) Less(i, j int) bool {
	if len(f[j].Names()) == 0 {
		return false
	} else if len(f[i].Names()) == 0 {
		return true
	}
	return lexicographicLess(f[i].Names()[0], f[j].Names()[0])
}

func (f FlagsByName) Swap(i, j int) {
	f[i], f[j] = f[j], f[i]
}

// Flag is a common interface related to parsing flags in cli.
// For more advanced flag parsing techniques, it is recommended that
// this interface be implemented.
type Flag interface {
	fmt.Stringer
	// Apply Flag settings to the given flag set
	Apply(*flag.FlagSet) error
	Names() []string
	IsSet() bool
}

// RequiredFlag is an interface that allows us to mark flags as required
// it allows flags required flags to be backwards compatible with the Flag interface
type RequiredFlag interface {
	Flag

	IsRequired() bool
}

// DocGenerationFlag is an interface that allows documentation generation for the flag
type DocGenerationFlag interface {
	Flag

	// TakesValue returns true if the flag takes a value, otherwise false
	TakesValue() bool

	// GetUsage returns the usage string for the flag
	GetUsage() string

	// GetValue returns the flags value as string representation and an empty
	// string if the flag takes no value at all.
	GetValue() string

	// GetDefaultText returns the default text for this flag
	GetDefaultText() string

	// GetEnvVars returns the env vars for this flag
	GetEnvVars() []string
}

// VisibleFlag is an interface that allows to check if a flag is visible
type VisibleFlag interface {
	Flag

	// IsVisible returns true if the flag is not hidden, otherwise false
	IsVisible() bool
}

// CategorizableFlag is an interface that allows us to potentially
// use a flag in a categorized representation.
type CategorizableFlag interface {
	VisibleFlag

	GetCategory() string
}

func flagSet(name string, flags []Flag) (*flag.FlagSet, error) {
	set := flag.NewFlagSet(name, flag.ContinueOnError)

	for _, f := range flags {
		if err := f.Apply(set); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}
	set.SetOutput(ioutil.Discard)
	return set, nil
}

func copyFlag(name string, ff *flag.Flag, set *flag.FlagSet) {
	switch ff.Value.(type) {
	case Serializer:
		_ = set.Set(name, ff.Value.(Serializer).Serialize())
	default:
		_ = set.Set(name, ff.Value.String())
	}
}

func normalizeFlags(flags []Flag, set *flag.FlagSet) error {
	visited := make(map[string]bool)
	set.Visit(func(f *flag.Flag) {
		visited[f.Name] = true
	})
	for _, f := range flags {
		parts := f.Names()
		if len(parts) == 1 {
			continue
		}
		var ff *flag.Flag
		for _, name := range parts {
			name = strings.Trim(name, " ")
			if visited[name] {
				if ff != nil {
					return errors.New("Cannot use two forms of the same flag: " + name + " " + ff.Name)
				}
				ff = set.Lookup(name)
			}
		}
		if ff == nil {
			continue
		}
		for _, name := range parts {
			name = strings.Trim(name, " ")
			if !visited[name] {
				copyFlag(name, ff, set)
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func visibleFlags(fl []Flag) []Flag {
	var visible []Flag
	for _, f := range fl {
		if vf, ok := f.(VisibleFlag); ok && vf.IsVisible() {
			visible = append(visible, f)
		}
	}
	return visible
}

func prefixFor(name string) (prefix string) {
	if len(name) == 1 {
		prefix = "-"
	} else {
		prefix = "--"
	}

	return
}

// Returns the placeholder, if any, and the unquoted usage string.
func unquoteUsage(usage string) (string, string) {
	for i := 0; i < len(usage); i++ {
		if usage[i] == '`' {
			for j := i + 1; j < len(usage); j++ {
				if usage[j] == '`' {
					name := usage[i+1 : j]
					usage = usage[:i] + name + usage[j+1:]
					return name, usage
				}
			}
			break
		}
	}
	return "", usage
}

func prefixedNames(names []string, placeholder string) string {
	var prefixed string
	for i, name := range names {
		if name == "" {
			continue
		}

		prefixed += prefixFor(name) + name
		if placeholder != "" {
			prefixed += " " + placeholder
		}
		if i < len(names)-1 {
			prefixed += ", "
		}
	}
	return prefixed
}

func withEnvHint(envVars []string, str string) string {
	envText := ""
	if len(envVars) > 0 {
		prefix := "$"
		suffix := ""
		sep := ", $"
		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
			prefix = "%"
			suffix = "%"
			sep = "%, %"
		}

		envText = fmt.Sprintf(" [%s%s%s]", prefix, strings.Join(envVars, sep), suffix)
	}
	return str + envText
}

func FlagNames(name string, aliases []string) []string {
	var ret []string

	for _, part := range append([]string{name}, aliases...) {
		// v1 -> v2 migration warning zone:
		// Strip off anything after the first found comma or space, which
		// *hopefully* makes it a tiny bit more obvious that unexpected behavior is
		// caused by using the v1 form of stringly typed "Name".
		ret = append(ret, commaWhitespace.ReplaceAllString(part, ""))
	}

	return ret
}

func withFileHint(filePath, str string) string {
	fileText := ""
	if filePath != "" {
		fileText = fmt.Sprintf(" [%s]", filePath)
	}
	return str + fileText
}

func formatDefault(format string) string {
	return " (default: " + format + ")"
}

func stringifyFlag(f Flag) string {
	// enforce DocGeneration interface on flags to avoid reflection
	df, ok := f.(DocGenerationFlag)
	if !ok {
		return ""
	}

	placeholder, usage := unquoteUsage(df.GetUsage())
	needsPlaceholder := df.TakesValue()

	if needsPlaceholder && placeholder == "" {
		placeholder = defaultPlaceholder
	}

	defaultValueString := ""

	if s := df.GetDefaultText(); s != "" {
		defaultValueString = fmt.Sprintf(formatDefault("%s"), s)
	}

	usageWithDefault := strings.TrimSpace(usage + defaultValueString)

	return withEnvHint(df.GetEnvVars(),
		fmt.Sprintf("%s\t%s", prefixedNames(df.Names(), placeholder), usageWithDefault))
}

func stringifyIntSliceFlag(f *IntSliceFlag) string {
	var defaultVals []string
	if f.Value != nil && len(f.Value.Value()) > 0 {
		for _, i := range f.Value.Value() {
			defaultVals = append(defaultVals, strconv.Itoa(i))
		}
	}

	return stringifySliceFlag(f.Usage, f.Names(), defaultVals)
}

func stringifyUintSliceFlag(f *UintSliceFlag) string {
	var defaultVals []string
	if f.Value != nil && len(f.Value.Value()) > 0 {
		for _, i := range f.Value.Value() {
			defaultVals = append(defaultVals, strconv.FormatUint(uint64(i), 10))
		}
	}

	return stringifySliceFlag(f.Usage, f.Names(), defaultVals)
}

func stringifyInt64SliceFlag(f *Int64SliceFlag) string {
	var defaultVals []string
	if f.Value != nil && len(f.Value.Value()) > 0 {
		for _, i := range f.Value.Value() {
			defaultVals = append(defaultVals, strconv.FormatInt(i, 10))
		}
	}

	return stringifySliceFlag(f.Usage, f.Names(), defaultVals)
}

func stringifyUint64SliceFlag(f *Uint64SliceFlag) string {
	var defaultVals []string
	if f.Value != nil && len(f.Value.Value()) > 0 {
		for _, i := range f.Value.Value() {
			defaultVals = append(defaultVals, strconv.FormatUint(i, 10))
		}
	}

	return stringifySliceFlag(f.Usage, f.Names(), defaultVals)
}

func stringifyFloat64SliceFlag(f *Float64SliceFlag) string {
	var defaultVals []string

	if f.Value != nil && len(f.Value.Value()) > 0 {
		for _, i := range f.Value.Value() {
			defaultVals = append(defaultVals, strings.TrimRight(strings.TrimRight(fmt.Sprintf("%f", i), "0"), "."))
		}
	}

	return stringifySliceFlag(f.Usage, f.Names(), defaultVals)
}

func stringifyStringSliceFlag(f *StringSliceFlag) string {
	var defaultVals []string
	if f.Value != nil && len(f.Value.Value()) > 0 {
		for _, s := range f.Value.Value() {
			if len(s) > 0 {
				defaultVals = append(defaultVals, strconv.Quote(s))
			}
		}
	}

	return stringifySliceFlag(f.Usage, f.Names(), defaultVals)
}

func stringifySliceFlag(usage string, names, defaultVals []string) string {
	placeholder, usage := unquoteUsage(usage)
	if placeholder == "" {
		placeholder = defaultPlaceholder
	}

	defaultVal := ""
	if len(defaultVals) > 0 {
		defaultVal = fmt.Sprintf(formatDefault("%s"), strings.Join(defaultVals, ", "))
	}

	usageWithDefault := strings.TrimSpace(fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", usage, defaultVal))
	multiInputString := "(accepts multiple inputs)"
	if usageWithDefault != "" {
		multiInputString = "\t" + multiInputString
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf("%s\t%s%s", prefixedNames(names, placeholder), usageWithDefault, multiInputString)
}

func hasFlag(flags []Flag, fl Flag) bool {
	for _, existing := range flags {
		if fl == existing {
			return true
		}
	}

	return false
}

// Return the first value from a list of environment variables and files
// (which may or may not exist), a description of where the value was found,
// and a boolean which is true if a value was found.
func flagFromEnvOrFile(envVars []string, filePath string) (value string, fromWhere string, found bool) {
	for _, envVar := range envVars {
		envVar = strings.TrimSpace(envVar)
		if value, found := syscall.Getenv(envVar); found {
			return value, fmt.Sprintf("environment variable %q", envVar), true
		}
	}
	for _, fileVar := range strings.Split(filePath, ",") {
		if fileVar != "" {
			if data, err := ioutil.ReadFile(fileVar); err == nil {
				return string(data), fmt.Sprintf("file %q", filePath), true
			}
		}
	}
	return "", "", false
}

func flagSplitMultiValues(val string) []string {
	return strings.Split(val, ",")
}