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core/sampler: Support decision hook #813

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merged 17 commits into from Apr 21, 2020
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shirchen
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@shirchen shirchen commented Apr 4, 2020

This adds support for monitoring sampling decisions made by the Sampler
core with a func(Entry, SamplingDecision) where SamplingDecision is
a bit field.

To allow plumbing the hook to the sampler, this additionally deprecates
the NewSampler constructor in favor of NewSamplerWithOptions.

type SamplerOption

func SamplerHook(func(Entry, SamplingDecision))

func NewSamplerWithOptions(/* ... */, opts ...SamplerOption)

This functionality is usable from the zap package via the new Hook
field of zap.SamplingConfig.

Refs T5056227

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codecov bot commented Apr 4, 2020

Codecov Report

Merging #813 into master will increase coverage by 0.02%.
The diff coverage is 100.00%.

Impacted file tree graph

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master     #813      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   98.31%   98.33%   +0.02%     
==========================================
  Files          43       43              
  Lines        2315     2347      +32     
==========================================
+ Hits         2276     2308      +32     
  Misses         32       32              
  Partials        7        7              
Impacted Files Coverage Δ
config.go 100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
zapcore/sampler.go 100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
options.go 100.00% <0.00%> (ø)
zapcore/increase_level.go 100.00% <0.00%> (ø)

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config.go Outdated
@@ -207,10 +212,20 @@ func (cfg Config) buildOptions(errSink zapcore.WriteSyncer) []Option {
if !cfg.DisableStacktrace {
opts = append(opts, AddStacktrace(stackLevel))
}
if cfg.Sampling != nil && cfg.Sampling.Hook == nil {
// Assign a default nop sampling hook.
cfg.Sampling.Hook = zapcore.NopSamplingHook
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we should apply the default in NewSamplerWithOptions and just not pass the SamplerHook argument if nil here.

if scfg := cfg.Sampling; scfg != nil {
  opts = append(opts, WrapCore(func(core zapcore.Core) zapcore.Core {
    var samplerOpts []zapcore.SamplerOption
    if scfg.Hook != nil {
      samplerOpts = append(samplerOpts, zapcore.SamplerHook(..))
    }
    return ...
  }))


const (
// Dropped means that a log was dropped.
Dropped SamplingDecision = iota
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I like the idea behind this but the presence of this type suggests that there are at least two values: dropped and sampled, and I would then expect my hook to be called for all cases: sampled and dropped.

So question for you and @prashantv is: Should we call the hook for both, sampled and dropped cases? If not, then the hook is just a "drop hook" or similar. (Name TBD)

Naming-wise: Sampled and Dropped works for me. To be more specific, we can also use LogSampled and LogDropped.

return nil
}

// SamplerHook registers a which will be called when Sampler makes a decision.
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typo: missing "a function"

// logs. Note, there is no access to Fields in this hook. In the future, this
// hook can be expanded to emit whether this is first entry that was dropped,
// first after a period, etc.
func SamplerHook(hook func(entry Entry, dec SamplingDecision) error) SamplerOption {
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I don't know if hooks should be able to return errors.
I don't think we'll want the sampler to react upon errors in the hook.

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Looks fine; no major comments.
Will give documentation another pass tomorrow.


RE: performance concerns raised offline: if that matters, we can drop
hook-for-all-events in favor of hook-per-event, with only one event supported
right now:

type SamplerHook struct {
    Dropped func(Entry)  // no hook if nil
}

func nopHook(Entry) {} // unexported

func WithSamplerHook(SamplerHook)

If sampled hook ever becomes necessary, it'll be another field on SamplerHook.

 type SamplerHook struct {
    Dropped func(Entry)
+   Sampled func(Entry)
 }

But again, that's only if we think the perf impact is worth it (which I
suspect it isn't).

config_test.go Outdated
Comment on lines 151 to 152
droppedCount := &atomic.Int64{}
sampledCount := &atomic.Int64{}
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nit: use new for pointers to zero value.

Suggested change
droppedCount := &atomic.Int64{}
sampledCount := &atomic.Int64{}
droppedCount := new(atomic.Int64)
sampledCount := new(atomic.Int64)

The other convention is var and & before returning:

Suggested change
droppedCount := &atomic.Int64{}
sampledCount := &atomic.Int64{}
var dropped, sampled atomic.Int64
  return h, &dropped, &sampled

@@ -81,17 +81,87 @@ func (c *counter) IncCheckReset(t time.Time, tick time.Duration) uint64 {
return 1
}

// SamplingDecision represents a decision made by sampler.
type SamplingDecision uint8
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I'm guessing this is so that it takes one byte instead of 8?

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yup, as byte is an alias to uint8.

}

// NopSamplingHook is the default hook used by sampler.
func NopSamplingHook(_ Entry, _ SamplingDecision) {}
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can drop _ when they're all _

Suggested change
func NopSamplingHook(_ Entry, _ SamplingDecision) {}
func NopSamplingHook(Entry, SamplingDecision) {}

Comment on lines 176 to 183
return &sampler{
Core: core,
tick: tick,
counts: newCounters(),
first: uint64(first),
thereafter: uint64(thereafter),
hook: NopSamplingHook,
}
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We should make it so that the old implementation calls the new one so that if we make changes to sample initialization, they don't have to go in two places.

Suggested change
return &sampler{
Core: core,
tick: tick,
counts: newCounters(),
first: uint64(first),
thereafter: uint64(thereafter),
hook: NopSamplingHook,
}
return NewSamplerWithOptions(core, tick, first, thereafter)

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Good call.

return h, droppedCount, sampledCount
}

func BenchmarkSampler_CheckWithHook(b *testing.B) {
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optional: count dropped messages only to more accurately measure the use case we're trying to satisfy here.

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gave docs a pass

config.go Outdated
type SamplingConfig struct {
Initial int `json:"initial" yaml:"initial"`
Thereafter int `json:"thereafter" yaml:"thereafter"`
Hook func(zapcore.Entry, zapcore.SamplingDecision)
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Should add json:"-" yaml:"-" so the JSON/YAML moduels do not attempt to serialize this.

Suggested change
Hook func(zapcore.Entry, zapcore.SamplingDecision)
Hook func(zapcore.Entry, zapcore.SamplingDecision) `json:"-" yaml:"-"`

config.go Outdated
Comment on lines 35 to 36
// Hook is called whenever a Sampler makes a decision. Currently, whenever a
// log is dropped.
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Second part no longer true. How about,

Suggested change
// Hook is called whenever a Sampler makes a decision. Currently, whenever a
// log is dropped.
// If specified, the Sampler will invoke the Hook after each decision.

@@ -81,17 +81,87 @@ func (c *counter) IncCheckReset(t time.Time, tick time.Duration) uint64 {
return 1
}

// SamplingDecision represents a decision made by sampler.
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nit: all types represent something. can do:

Suggested change
// SamplingDecision represents a decision made by sampler.
// SamplingDecision is a decision made by sampler.

type SamplingDecision uint8

const (
// LogDropped means that a log was dropped.
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Suggested change
// LogDropped means that a log was dropped.
// LogDropped indicates that the Sampler dropped a log entry.

const (
// LogDropped means that a log was dropped.
LogDropped SamplingDecision = iota
// LogSampled means that a log was successfully sampled.
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Suggested change
// LogSampled means that a log was successfully sampled.
// LogSampled indicates that the Sampler sampled a log entry.

f(s)
}

// SamplerOption configures a Sampler option.
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Suggested change
// SamplerOption configures a Sampler option.
// SamplerOption configures a Sampler.

apply(*sampler)
}

// NopSamplingHook is the default hook used by sampler.
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Do we actually need to export this? We'll use this if unset.

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Maybe if someone wants to test this as NewSampler* constructors are public?

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NewSampler can be public but I mean the implementation of a no-op hook. Users don't really need access to that; they can write their own empty function, or just not provide the SamplingHook option.

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Agree, not even sure if we need this in the production code, we could keep it in the test file?

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It's production. The sampler defaults the hook field to NopSamplingHook.

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I see, in that case, can we unexport and keep it here?

Comment on lines 110 to 111
// decision. Currently a hook is called when a log is dropped and
// zapcore.LogDropped decision is emitted.
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Second part no longer true.

Suggested change
// decision. Currently a hook is called when a log is dropped and
// zapcore.LogDropped decision is emitted.
// decision.

Comment on lines 113 to 116
// This hook is useful for side effects, for example emitting number of dropped
// logs. Note, there is no access to Fields in this hook. In the future, this
// hook can be expanded to emit whether this is first entry that was dropped,
// first after a period, etc.
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I would avoid mentioning future plans in documentation. That's a comment-level thing, possibly referencing tickets.

Suggested change
// This hook is useful for side effects, for example emitting number of dropped
// logs. Note, there is no access to Fields in this hook. In the future, this
// hook can be expanded to emit whether this is first entry that was dropped,
// first after a period, etc.
// This hook may be used to get visibility into the performance of the sampler.
// For example, use it to track metrics of dropped versus sampled logs.

Comment on lines 131 to 132
// Sampler also accepts an optional hook that can be used to count number of
// dropped logs.
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Suggested change
// Sampler also accepts an optional hook that can be used to count number of
// dropped logs.
// Sampler can be configured to report sampling decisions with the SamplerHook
// option.

// Keep in mind that zap's sampling implementation is optimized for speed over
// absolute precision; under load, each tick may be slightly over- or
// under-sampled.
func NewSampler(core Core, tick time.Duration, first, thereafter int) Core {
return &sampler{
func NewSamplerWithOptions(core Core, tick time.Duration, first, thereafter int, opts ...SamplerOption) Core {
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If we want to reduce the added API surface (E.g., new function that looks similar + new types), we could add a Build method on the SamplingConfig struct, similar to the Build method on the Configuration struct:
https://pkg.go.dev/go.uber.org/zap?tab=doc#Config.Build

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Wouldn't we still want a means of building the sampler directly?
Config.Build is porcelain for zap.New. Anything you can do with Config.Build,
you can do with zap.New.
IMO SamplingConfig would need to match that: the underlying constructor would
need to provide the same functionality—unless we decide to deprecate direct
constructors and switch to Config structs.

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true, I'm not sure how valuable the direct structs have been vs configs, but don't have to make that change here. let's keep this as-is

config_test.go Outdated Show resolved Hide resolved
config_test.go Outdated
OutputPaths: []string{"stderr"},
ErrorOutputPaths: []string{"stderr"},
}
expectN := 2 + 100 + 1 // 2 from initial logs, 100 initial sampled logs, 1 from off-by-one in sampler
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can we fix the off-by-one, seems a little odd, haven't looked into where it's coming from

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Yea, I didn't verify the comment and copied from another test. Fixed explanation.

// LogDropped indicates that the Sampler dropped a log entry.
LogDropped SamplingDecision = iota
// LogSampled indicates that the Sampler sampled a log entry.
LogSampled
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something to discuss

  • it would be useful to know when a log was first dropped, and then first log after the sample again. e.g., if you want to add a special log that said "message X is now being dropped, no further logs"?
  • doing this in the hook requires doing the same thing the sampler does, probably more inefficiently (a map by message)

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Just an idea: If we make SamplingDecision a bitfield, we could do that separately and re-use sampler logic

LogDropped SamplingDecision = 1 << iota
LogDroppedInitial
LogSampled
LogSampledThereafter

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That's a good idea, I like the idea of a bit field, so users can just check decision & LogSampled > 0 to see if it was sampled.

we might want to make that clear in the comments that users should check this like a bit field (or maybe we provide a helper on the type to do that).

We could expand this to have:

  • log sampled because it's within the initial
  • log sampled because it's the thereafter
  • log dropped (first log after initial sampled logs)
  • log dropped (first log after thereafter sampled log)
  • log dropped (other)

apply(*sampler)
}

// NopSamplingHook is the default hook used by sampler.
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Agree, not even sure if we need this in the production code, we could keep it in the test file?

expectRe := `{"level":"info","caller":"zap/config_test.go:\d+","msg":"info","k":"v","z":"zz"}` + "\n" +
`{"level":"warn","caller":"zap/config_test.go:\d+","msg":"warn","k":"v","z":"zz"}` + "\n"
expectDropped := 99 // 200 - 100 initial - 1 thereafter
expectSampled := 103 // 2 from initial + 100 + 1 thereafter
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why is this the same as expectN? we expect the hook to be called on every log, and then expectDropped + expectSampled == expectN?

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expectN is not a count from samplerHook, but from a zap hook which only measures what is sent. i regret carrying over a hook from another test now as it seems to cause confusion. :)

@@ -81,33 +81,96 @@ func (c *counter) IncCheckReset(t time.Time, tick time.Duration) uint64 {
return 1
}

type sampler struct {
Core
// SamplingDecision is a decision made by sampler.
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we should comment that more decision values may be added in future, so it's not safe to assume these are the only values.

// LogDropped indicates that the Sampler dropped a log entry.
LogDropped SamplingDecision = iota
// LogSampled indicates that the Sampler sampled a log entry.
LogSampled
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That's a good idea, I like the idea of a bit field, so users can just check decision & LogSampled > 0 to see if it was sampled.

we might want to make that clear in the comments that users should check this like a bit field (or maybe we provide a helper on the type to do that).

We could expand this to have:

  • log sampled because it's within the initial
  • log sampled because it's the thereafter
  • log dropped (first log after initial sampled logs)
  • log dropped (first log after thereafter sampled log)
  • log dropped (other)

apply(*sampler)
}

// NopSamplingHook is the default hook used by sampler.
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I see, in that case, can we unexport and keep it here?

// Keep in mind that zap's sampling implementation is optimized for speed over
// absolute precision; under load, each tick may be slightly over- or
// under-sampled.
func NewSampler(core Core, tick time.Duration, first, thereafter int) Core {
return &sampler{
func NewSamplerWithOptions(core Core, tick time.Duration, first, thereafter int, opts ...SamplerOption) Core {
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true, I'm not sure how valuable the direct structs have been vs configs, but don't have to make that change here. let's keep this as-is

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Mostly LGTM. TestConfigWithSamplingHook isn't quite clear/obvious to me.

Comment on lines 114 to 115
// For example, use it to track metrics of dropped versus sampled logs.
func SamplerHook(hook func(entry Entry, dec SamplingDecision)) SamplerOption {
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Worth adding a sample of how to use the sampling decision?

Suggested change
// For example, use it to track metrics of dropped versus sampled logs.
func SamplerHook(hook func(entry Entry, dec SamplingDecision)) SamplerOption {
// For example, use it to track metrics of dropped versus sampled logs.
//
// var dropped atomic.Int64
// zapcore.SamplerHook(func(ent zapcore.Entry, dec zapcore.SamplingDecision) {
// if dec&zapcore.LogDropped > 0 {
// dropped.Inc()
// }
// })
func SamplerHook(hook func(entry Entry, dec SamplingDecision)) SamplerOption {

config_test.go Outdated
OutputPaths: []string{"stderr"},
ErrorOutputPaths: []string{"stderr"},
}
expectN := 2 + 101 // out of 203 logs: 3 types (debug, info, warn), 2 (debug + warn) + 101 (100 initial + 200th thereafter)
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I'm confused by these numbers. What exactly is expectN?

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@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import (

func fakeSampler(lvl LevelEnabler, tick time.Duration, first, thereafter int) (Core, *observer.ObservedLogs) {
core, logs := observer.New(lvl)
// Keep using deprecated constructor for cc.
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what is cc and why can't this be updated?

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code coverage

@abhinav abhinav changed the title Add an optional SamplerHook to Sampler core/sampler: Support decision hook Apr 21, 2020
@abhinav abhinav merged commit 46939fc into uber-go:master Apr 21, 2020
uvfive pushed a commit to bxsmart/zap that referenced this pull request May 21, 2020
This adds support for monitoring sampling decisions made by the Sampler
core with a `func(Entry, SamplingDecision)` where `SamplingDecision` is
a bit field.

To allow plumbing the hook to the sampler, this additionally deprecates
the `NewSampler` constructor in favor of `NewSamplerWithOptions`.

    type SamplerOption

    func SamplerHook(func(Entry, SamplingDecision))

    func NewSamplerWithOptions(/* ... */, opts ...SamplerOption)

This functionality is usable from the `zap` package via the new `Hook`
field of `zap.SamplingConfig`.

Refs T5056227
abhinav added a commit that referenced this pull request Sep 10, 2021
The TestSamplerConcurrent test frequently fails with the following error
in CI:

    --- FAIL: TestSamplerConcurrent (0.25s)
        sampler_test.go:198:
        	    Error Trace:	sampler_test.go:198
        	    Error:      	Max difference between 1250 and 1004 allowed is 125, but difference was 246
        	    Test:       	TestSamplerConcurrent
        	    Messages:   	Unexpected number of logs
    FAIL

The test is intended to verify that
despite an onsalught of messages from multiple goroutines,
we only allow at most `logsPerTick` messages per `tick`.

This was accompilshed by spin-looping 10 goroutines for `numTicks`,
each logging one of `numMessages` different messages,
and then verifying the final log count.

The source of flakiness here was the non-determinism in
how far a goroutine would get in logging enough messages such that
the sampler would be engaged.

In #948, we added a `zapcore.Clock` interface with a ticker and
a mock implementation.
Move that to `ztest` for use here.

To unflake the test, use the mock clock to control time and
for each goroutine, log `logsPerTick*2` messages `numTicks` times.
This gives us,

    for numGoroutines (10)
        for numTicks (25)
            log logsPerTick * 2 (50) messages

We end up attempting to log a total of,

    (numGoroutines * numTicks * logsPerTick * 2) messages
    = (10 * 25 * 50) messages
    = 12500 messages

Of these, the following should be sampled:

    numMessages * numTicks * logsPerTick
    = 5 * 10 * 25
    = 1250

Everything else should be dropped.

For extra confidence, use a SamplerHook (added in #813) to verify that
the number of sampled and dropped messages meet expectations.
abhinav added a commit that referenced this pull request Sep 10, 2021
The TestSamplerConcurrent test frequently fails with the following error
in CI:

    --- FAIL: TestSamplerConcurrent (0.25s)
        sampler_test.go:198:
        	    Error Trace:	sampler_test.go:198
        	    Error:      	Max difference between 1250 and 1004 allowed is 125, but difference was 246
        	    Test:       	TestSamplerConcurrent
        	    Messages:   	Unexpected number of logs
    FAIL

The test is intended to verify that
despite an onsalught of messages from multiple goroutines,
we only allow at most `logsPerTick` messages per `tick`.

This was accompilshed by spin-looping 10 goroutines for `numTicks`,
each logging one of `numMessages` different messages,
and then verifying the final log count.

The source of flakiness here was the non-determinism in
how far a goroutine would get in logging enough messages such that
the sampler would be engaged.

In #948, we added a `zapcore.Clock` interface with a ticker and
a mock implementation.
Move that to `ztest` for use here.

To unflake the test, use the mock clock to control time and
for each goroutine, log `logsPerTick*2` messages `numTicks` times.
This gives us,

    for numGoroutines (10)
        for numTicks (25)
            log logsPerTick * 2 (50) messages

We end up attempting to log a total of,

    (numGoroutines * numTicks * logsPerTick * 2) messages
    = (10 * 25 * 50) messages
    = 12500 messages

Of these, the following should be sampled:

    numMessages * numTicks * logsPerTick
    = 5 * 10 * 25
    = 1250

Everything else should be dropped.

For extra confidence, use a SamplerHook (added in #813) to verify that
the number of sampled and dropped messages meet expectations.
abhinav added a commit that referenced this pull request Sep 10, 2021
The TestSamplerConcurrent test frequently fails with the following error
in CI:

    --- FAIL: TestSamplerConcurrent (0.25s)
        sampler_test.go:198:
        	    Error Trace:	sampler_test.go:198
        	    Error:      	Max difference between 1250 and 1004 allowed is 125, but difference was 246
        	    Test:       	TestSamplerConcurrent
        	    Messages:   	Unexpected number of logs
    FAIL

The test is intended to verify that
despite an onsalught of messages from multiple goroutines,
we only allow at most `logsPerTick` messages per `tick`.

This was accompilshed by spin-looping 10 goroutines for `numTicks`,
each logging one of `numMessages` different messages,
and then verifying the final log count.

The source of flakiness here was the non-determinism in
how far a goroutine would get in logging enough messages such that
the sampler would be engaged.

In #948, we added a `zapcore.Clock` interface with a ticker and
a mock implementation.
Move that to `ztest` for use here.

To unflake the test, use the mock clock to control time and
for each goroutine, log `logsPerTick*2` messages `numTicks` times.
This gives us,

    for numGoroutines (10)
        for numTicks (25)
            log logsPerTick * 2 (50) messages

We end up attempting to log a total of,

    (numGoroutines * numTicks * logsPerTick * 2) messages
    = (10 * 25 * 50) messages
    = 12500 messages

Of these, the following should be sampled:

    numMessages * numTicks * logsPerTick
    = 5 * 10 * 25
    = 1250

Everything else should be dropped.

For extra confidence, use a SamplerHook (added in #813) to verify that
the number of sampled and dropped messages meet expectations.

Refs GO-873
cgxxv pushed a commit to cgxxv/zap that referenced this pull request Mar 25, 2022
This adds support for monitoring sampling decisions made by the Sampler
core with a `func(Entry, SamplingDecision)` where `SamplingDecision` is
a bit field.

To allow plumbing the hook to the sampler, this additionally deprecates
the `NewSampler` constructor in favor of `NewSamplerWithOptions`.

    type SamplerOption

    func SamplerHook(func(Entry, SamplingDecision))

    func NewSamplerWithOptions(/* ... */, opts ...SamplerOption)

This functionality is usable from the `zap` package via the new `Hook`
field of `zap.SamplingConfig`.

Refs T5056227
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