moduleNameResolver.ts

namespace ts {
    /* @internal */
    export function trace(host: ModuleResolutionHost, message: DiagnosticMessage, ...args: any[]): void;
    export function trace(host: ModuleResolutionHost): void {
        host.trace!(formatMessage.apply(undefined, arguments));
    }

    /* @internal */
    export function isTraceEnabled(compilerOptions: CompilerOptions, host: ModuleResolutionHost): boolean {
        return !!compilerOptions.traceResolution && host.trace !== undefined;
    }

    function withPackageId(packageInfo: PackageJsonInfo | undefined, r: PathAndExtension | undefined): Resolved | undefined {
        let packageId: PackageId | undefined;
        if (r && packageInfo) {
            const packageJsonContent = packageInfo.packageJsonContent as PackageJson;
            if (typeof packageJsonContent.name === "string" && typeof packageJsonContent.version === "string") {
                packageId = {
                    name: packageJsonContent.name,
                    subModuleName: r.path.slice(packageInfo.packageDirectory.length + directorySeparator.length),
                    version: packageJsonContent.version
                };
            }
        }
        return r && { path: r.path, extension: r.ext, packageId };
    }

    function noPackageId(r: PathAndExtension | undefined): Resolved | undefined {
        return withPackageId(/*packageInfo*/ undefined, r);
    }

    function removeIgnoredPackageId(r: Resolved | undefined): PathAndExtension | undefined {
        if (r) {
            Debug.assert(r.packageId === undefined);
            return { path: r.path, ext: r.extension };
        }
    }

    /** Result of trying to resolve a module. */
    interface Resolved {
        path: string;
        extension: Extension;
        packageId: PackageId | undefined;
        /**
         * When the resolved is not created from cache, the value is
         *  - string if it is symbolic link to the resolved `path`
         *  - undefined if `path` is not a symbolic link
         * When the resolved is created using value from cache of ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations, the value is:
         *  - string if it is symbolic link to the resolved `path`
         *  - true if `path` is not a symbolic link - this indicates that the `originalPath` calculation is already done and needs to be skipped
         * Note: This is a file name with preserved original casing, not a normalized `Path`.
         */
        originalPath?: string | true;
    }

    /** Result of trying to resolve a module at a file. Needs to have 'packageId' added later. */
    interface PathAndExtension {
        path: string;
        // (Use a different name than `extension` to make sure Resolved isn't assignable to PathAndExtension.)
        ext: Extension;
    }

    /**
     * Kinds of file that we are currently looking for.
     * Typically there is one pass with Extensions.TypeScript, then a second pass with Extensions.JavaScript.
     */
    enum Extensions {
        TypeScript, /** '.ts', '.tsx', or '.d.ts' */
        JavaScript, /** '.js' or '.jsx' */
        Json,       /** '.json' */
        TSConfig,   /** '.json' with `tsconfig` used instead of `index` */
        DtsOnly,    /** Only '.d.ts' */
        TsOnly,     /** '.[cm]tsx?' but not .d.ts variants */
    }

    interface PathAndPackageId {
        readonly fileName: string;
        readonly packageId: PackageId | undefined;
    }
    /** Used with `Extensions.DtsOnly` to extract the path from TypeScript results. */
    function resolvedTypeScriptOnly(resolved: Resolved | undefined): PathAndPackageId | undefined {
        if (!resolved) {
            return undefined;
        }
        Debug.assert(extensionIsTS(resolved.extension));
        return { fileName: resolved.path, packageId: resolved.packageId };
    }

    function createResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations(resolved: Resolved | undefined, isExternalLibraryImport: boolean | undefined, failedLookupLocations: string[], diagnostics: Diagnostic[], resultFromCache: ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations | undefined): ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations {
        if (resultFromCache) {
            resultFromCache.failedLookupLocations.push(...failedLookupLocations);
            return resultFromCache;
        }
        return {
            resolvedModule: resolved && { resolvedFileName: resolved.path, originalPath: resolved.originalPath === true ? undefined : resolved.originalPath, extension: resolved.extension, isExternalLibraryImport, packageId: resolved.packageId },
            failedLookupLocations,
            resolutionDiagnostics: diagnostics
        };
    }

    /*@internal*/
    interface ModuleResolutionState {
        host: ModuleResolutionHost;
        compilerOptions: CompilerOptions;
        traceEnabled: boolean;
        failedLookupLocations: Push<string>;
        resultFromCache?: ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations;
        packageJsonInfoCache: PackageJsonInfoCache | undefined;
        features: NodeResolutionFeatures;
        conditions: string[];
        requestContainingDirectory: string | undefined;
        reportDiagnostic: DiagnosticReporter;
    }

    /** Just the fields that we use for module resolution. */
    /*@internal*/
    interface PackageJsonPathFields {
        typings?: string;
        types?: string;
        typesVersions?: MapLike<MapLike<string[]>>;
        main?: string;
        tsconfig?: string;
        type?: string;
        imports?: object;
        exports?: object;
        name?: string;
    }

    interface PackageJson extends PackageJsonPathFields {
        name?: string;
        version?: string;
    }

    function readPackageJsonField<TMatch, K extends MatchingKeys<PackageJson, string | undefined>>(jsonContent: PackageJson, fieldName: K, typeOfTag: "string", state: ModuleResolutionState): PackageJson[K] | undefined;
    function readPackageJsonField<K extends MatchingKeys<PackageJson, object | undefined>>(jsonContent: PackageJson, fieldName: K, typeOfTag: "object", state: ModuleResolutionState): PackageJson[K] | undefined;
    function readPackageJsonField<K extends keyof PackageJson>(jsonContent: PackageJson, fieldName: K, typeOfTag: "string" | "object", state: ModuleResolutionState): PackageJson[K] | undefined {
        if (!hasProperty(jsonContent, fieldName)) {
            if (state.traceEnabled) {
                trace(state.host, Diagnostics.package_json_does_not_have_a_0_field, fieldName);
            }
            return;
        }
        const value = jsonContent[fieldName];
        if (typeof value !== typeOfTag || value === null) { // eslint-disable-line no-null/no-null
            if (state.traceEnabled) {
                // eslint-disable-next-line no-null/no-null
                trace(state.host, Diagnostics.Expected_type_of_0_field_in_package_json_to_be_1_got_2, fieldName, typeOfTag, value === null ? "null" : typeof value);
            }
            return;
        }
        return value;
    }

    function readPackageJsonPathField<K extends "typings" | "types" | "main" | "tsconfig">(jsonContent: PackageJson, fieldName: K, baseDirectory: string, state: ModuleResolutionState): PackageJson[K] | undefined {
        const fileName = readPackageJsonField(jsonContent, fieldName, "string", state);
        if (fileName === undefined) {
            return;
        }
        if (!fileName) {
            if (state.traceEnabled) {
                trace(state.host, Diagnostics.package_json_had_a_falsy_0_field, fieldName);
            }
            return;
        }
        const path = normalizePath(combinePaths(baseDirectory, fileName));
        if (state.traceEnabled) {
            trace(state.host, Diagnostics.package_json_has_0_field_1_that_references_2, fieldName, fileName, path);
        }
        return path;
    }

    function readPackageJsonTypesFields(jsonContent: PackageJson, baseDirectory: string, state: ModuleResolutionState) {
        return readPackageJsonPathField(jsonContent, "typings", baseDirectory, state)
            || readPackageJsonPathField(jsonContent, "types", baseDirectory, state);
    }

    function readPackageJsonTSConfigField(jsonContent: PackageJson, baseDirectory: string, state: ModuleResolutionState) {
        return readPackageJsonPathField(jsonContent, "tsconfig", baseDirectory, state);
    }

    function readPackageJsonMainField(jsonContent: PackageJson, baseDirectory: string, state: ModuleResolutionState) {
        return readPackageJsonPathField(jsonContent, "main", baseDirectory, state);
    }

    function readPackageJsonTypesVersionsField(jsonContent: PackageJson, state: ModuleResolutionState) {
        const typesVersions = readPackageJsonField(jsonContent, "typesVersions", "object", state);
        if (typesVersions === undefined) return;

        if (state.traceEnabled) {
            trace(state.host, Diagnostics.package_json_has_a_typesVersions_field_with_version_specific_path_mappings);
        }

        return typesVersions;
    }

    /*@internal*/
    interface VersionPaths {
        version: string;
        paths: MapLike<string[]>;
    }

    function readPackageJsonTypesVersionPaths(jsonContent: PackageJson, state: ModuleResolutionState): VersionPaths | undefined {
        const typesVersions = readPackageJsonTypesVersionsField(jsonContent, state);
        if (typesVersions === undefined) return;

        if (state.traceEnabled) {
            for (const key in typesVersions) {
                if (hasProperty(typesVersions, key) && !VersionRange.tryParse(key)) {
                    trace(state.host, Diagnostics.package_json_has_a_typesVersions_entry_0_that_is_not_a_valid_semver_range, key);
                }
            }
        }

        const result = getPackageJsonTypesVersionsPaths(typesVersions);
        if (!result) {
            if (state.traceEnabled) {
                trace(state.host, Diagnostics.package_json_does_not_have_a_typesVersions_entry_that_matches_version_0, versionMajorMinor);
            }
            return;
        }

        const { version: bestVersionKey, paths: bestVersionPaths } = result;
        if (typeof bestVersionPaths !== "object") {
            if (state.traceEnabled) {
                trace(state.host, Diagnostics.Expected_type_of_0_field_in_package_json_to_be_1_got_2, `typesVersions['${bestVersionKey}']`, "object", typeof bestVersionPaths);
            }
            return;
        }

        return result;
    }

    let typeScriptVersion: Version | undefined;

    /* @internal */
    export function getPackageJsonTypesVersionsPaths(typesVersions: MapLike<MapLike<string[]>>) {
        if (!typeScriptVersion) typeScriptVersion = new Version(version);

        for (const key in typesVersions) {
            if (!hasProperty(typesVersions, key)) continue;

            const keyRange = VersionRange.tryParse(key);
            if (keyRange === undefined) {
                continue;
            }

            // return the first entry whose range matches the current compiler version.
            if (keyRange.test(typeScriptVersion)) {
                return { version: key, paths: typesVersions[key] };
            }
        }
    }

    export function getEffectiveTypeRoots(options: CompilerOptions, host: GetEffectiveTypeRootsHost): string[] | undefined {
        if (options.typeRoots) {
            return options.typeRoots;
        }

        let currentDirectory: string | undefined;
        if (options.configFilePath) {
            currentDirectory = getDirectoryPath(options.configFilePath);
        }
        else if (host.getCurrentDirectory) {
            currentDirectory = host.getCurrentDirectory();
        }

        if (currentDirectory !== undefined) {
            return getDefaultTypeRoots(currentDirectory, host);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the path to every node_modules/@types directory from some ancestor directory.
     * Returns undefined if there are none.
     */
    function getDefaultTypeRoots(currentDirectory: string, host: { directoryExists?: (directoryName: string) => boolean }): string[] | undefined {
        if (!host.directoryExists) {
            return [combinePaths(currentDirectory, nodeModulesAtTypes)];
            // And if it doesn't exist, tough.
        }

        let typeRoots: string[] | undefined;
        forEachAncestorDirectory(normalizePath(currentDirectory), directory => {
            const atTypes = combinePaths(directory, nodeModulesAtTypes);
            if (host.directoryExists!(atTypes)) {
                (typeRoots || (typeRoots = [])).push(atTypes);
            }
            return undefined;
        });
        return typeRoots;
    }
    const nodeModulesAtTypes = combinePaths("node_modules", "@types");

    function arePathsEqual(path1: string, path2: string, host: ModuleResolutionHost): boolean {
        const useCaseSensitiveFileNames = typeof host.useCaseSensitiveFileNames === "function" ? host.useCaseSensitiveFileNames() : host.useCaseSensitiveFileNames;
        return comparePaths(path1, path2, !useCaseSensitiveFileNames) === Comparison.EqualTo;
    }

    /**
     * @param {string | undefined} containingFile - file that contains type reference directive, can be undefined if containing file is unknown.
     * This is possible in case if resolution is performed for directives specified via 'types' parameter. In this case initial path for secondary lookups
     * is assumed to be the same as root directory of the project.
     */
    export function resolveTypeReferenceDirective(typeReferenceDirectiveName: string, containingFile: string | undefined, options: CompilerOptions, host: ModuleResolutionHost, redirectedReference?: ResolvedProjectReference, cache?: TypeReferenceDirectiveResolutionCache, resolutionMode?: SourceFile["impliedNodeFormat"]): ResolvedTypeReferenceDirectiveWithFailedLookupLocations {
        Debug.assert(typeof typeReferenceDirectiveName === "string", "Non-string value passed to `ts.resolveTypeReferenceDirective`, likely by a wrapping package working with an outdated `resolveTypeReferenceDirectives` signature. This is probably not a problem in TS itself.");
        const traceEnabled = isTraceEnabled(options, host);
        if (redirectedReference) {
            options = redirectedReference.commandLine.options;
        }

        const containingDirectory = containingFile ? getDirectoryPath(containingFile) : undefined;
        const perFolderCache = containingDirectory ? cache && cache.getOrCreateCacheForDirectory(containingDirectory, redirectedReference) : undefined;
        let result = perFolderCache && perFolderCache.get(typeReferenceDirectiveName, /*mode*/ resolutionMode);
        if (result) {
            if (traceEnabled) {
                trace(host, Diagnostics.Resolving_type_reference_directive_0_containing_file_1, typeReferenceDirectiveName, containingFile);
                if (redirectedReference) trace(host, Diagnostics.Using_compiler_options_of_project_reference_redirect_0, redirectedReference.sourceFile.fileName);
                trace(host, Diagnostics.Resolution_for_type_reference_directive_0_was_found_in_cache_from_location_1, typeReferenceDirectiveName, containingDirectory);
                traceResult(result);
            }
            return result;
        }

        const typeRoots = getEffectiveTypeRoots(options, host);
        if (traceEnabled) {
            if (containingFile === undefined) {
                if (typeRoots === undefined) {
                    trace(host, Diagnostics.Resolving_type_reference_directive_0_containing_file_not_set_root_directory_not_set, typeReferenceDirectiveName);
                }
                else {
                    trace(host, Diagnostics.Resolving_type_reference_directive_0_containing_file_not_set_root_directory_1, typeReferenceDirectiveName, typeRoots);
                }
            }
            else {
                if (typeRoots === undefined) {
                    trace(host, Diagnostics.Resolving_type_reference_directive_0_containing_file_1_root_directory_not_set, typeReferenceDirectiveName, containingFile);
                }
                else {
                    trace(host, Diagnostics.Resolving_type_reference_directive_0_containing_file_1_root_directory_2, typeReferenceDirectiveName, containingFile, typeRoots);
                }
            }
            if (redirectedReference) {
                trace(host, Diagnostics.Using_compiler_options_of_project_reference_redirect_0, redirectedReference.sourceFile.fileName);
            }
        }

        const failedLookupLocations: string[] = [];
        let features = getDefaultNodeResolutionFeatures(options);
        // Unlike `import` statements, whose mode-calculating APIs are all guaranteed to return `undefined` if we're in an un-mode-ed module resolution
        // setting, type references will return their target mode regardless of options because of how the parser works, so we guard against the mode being
        // set in a non-modal module resolution setting here. Do note that our behavior is not particularly well defined when these mode-overriding imports
        // are present in a non-modal project; while in theory we'd like to either ignore the mode or provide faithful modern resolution, depending on what we feel is best,
        // in practice, not every cache has the options available to intelligently make the choice to ignore the mode request, and it's unclear how modern "faithful modern
        // resolution" should be (`node16`? `nodenext`?). As such, witnessing a mode-overriding triple-slash reference in a non-modal module resolution
        // context should _probably_ be an error - and that should likely be handled by the `Program` (which is what we do).
        if (resolutionMode === ModuleKind.ESNext && (getEmitModuleResolutionKind(options) === ModuleResolutionKind.Node16 || getEmitModuleResolutionKind(options) === ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext)) {
            features |= NodeResolutionFeatures.EsmMode;
        }
        const conditions = features & NodeResolutionFeatures.Exports ? features & NodeResolutionFeatures.EsmMode ? ["node", "import", "types"] : ["node", "require", "types"] : [];
        const diagnostics: Diagnostic[] = [];
        const moduleResolutionState: ModuleResolutionState = {
            compilerOptions: options,
            host,
            traceEnabled,
            failedLookupLocations,
            packageJsonInfoCache: cache,
            features,
            conditions,
            requestContainingDirectory: containingDirectory,
            reportDiagnostic: diag => void diagnostics.push(diag),
        };
        let resolved = primaryLookup();
        let primary = true;
        if (!resolved) {
            resolved = secondaryLookup();
            primary = false;
        }

        let resolvedTypeReferenceDirective: ResolvedTypeReferenceDirective | undefined;
        if (resolved) {
            const { fileName, packageId } = resolved;
            const resolvedFileName = options.preserveSymlinks ? fileName : realPath(fileName, host, traceEnabled);
            resolvedTypeReferenceDirective = {
                primary,
                resolvedFileName,
                originalPath: arePathsEqual(fileName, resolvedFileName, host) ? undefined : fileName,
                packageId,
                isExternalLibraryImport: pathContainsNodeModules(fileName),
            };
        }
        result = { resolvedTypeReferenceDirective, failedLookupLocations, resolutionDiagnostics: diagnostics };
        perFolderCache?.set(typeReferenceDirectiveName, /*mode*/ resolutionMode, result);
        if (traceEnabled) traceResult(result);
        return result;

        function traceResult(result: ResolvedTypeReferenceDirectiveWithFailedLookupLocations) {
            if (!result.resolvedTypeReferenceDirective?.resolvedFileName) {
                trace(host, Diagnostics.Type_reference_directive_0_was_not_resolved, typeReferenceDirectiveName);
            }
            else if (result.resolvedTypeReferenceDirective.packageId) {
                trace(host, Diagnostics.Type_reference_directive_0_was_successfully_resolved_to_1_with_Package_ID_2_primary_Colon_3, typeReferenceDirectiveName, result.resolvedTypeReferenceDirective.resolvedFileName, packageIdToString(result.resolvedTypeReferenceDirective.packageId), result.resolvedTypeReferenceDirective.primary);
            }
            else {
                trace(host, Diagnostics.Type_reference_directive_0_was_successfully_resolved_to_1_primary_Colon_2, typeReferenceDirectiveName, result.resolvedTypeReferenceDirective.resolvedFileName, result.resolvedTypeReferenceDirective.primary);
            }
        }

        function primaryLookup(): PathAndPackageId | undefined {
            // Check primary library paths
            if (typeRoots && typeRoots.length) {
                if (traceEnabled) {
                    trace(host, Diagnostics.Resolving_with_primary_search_path_0, typeRoots.join(", "));
                }
                return firstDefined(typeRoots, typeRoot => {
                    const candidate = combinePaths(typeRoot, typeReferenceDirectiveName);
                    const candidateDirectory = getDirectoryPath(candidate);
                    const directoryExists = directoryProbablyExists(candidateDirectory, host);
                    if (!directoryExists && traceEnabled) {
                        trace(host, Diagnostics.Directory_0_does_not_exist_skipping_all_lookups_in_it, candidateDirectory);
                    }
                    return resolvedTypeScriptOnly(
                        loadNodeModuleFromDirectory(Extensions.DtsOnly, candidate,
                            !directoryExists, moduleResolutionState));
                });
            }
            else {
                if (traceEnabled) {
                    trace(host, Diagnostics.Root_directory_cannot_be_determined_skipping_primary_search_paths);
                }
            }
        }

        function secondaryLookup(): PathAndPackageId | undefined {
            const initialLocationForSecondaryLookup = containingFile && getDirectoryPath(containingFile);

            if (initialLocationForSecondaryLookup !== undefined) {
                // check secondary locations
                if (traceEnabled) {
                    trace(host, Diagnostics.Looking_up_in_node_modules_folder_initial_location_0, initialLocationForSecondaryLookup);
                }
                let result: Resolved | undefined;
                if (!isExternalModuleNameRelative(typeReferenceDirectiveName)) {
                    const searchResult = loadModuleFromNearestNodeModulesDirectory(Extensions.DtsOnly, typeReferenceDirectiveName, initialLocationForSecondaryLookup, moduleResolutionState, /*cache*/ undefined, /*redirectedReference*/ undefined);
                    result = searchResult && searchResult.value;
                }
                else {
                    const { path: candidate } = normalizePathForCJSResolution(initialLocationForSecondaryLookup, typeReferenceDirectiveName);
                    result = nodeLoadModuleByRelativeName(Extensions.DtsOnly, candidate, /*onlyRecordFailures*/ false, moduleResolutionState, /*considerPackageJson*/ true);
                }
                return resolvedTypeScriptOnly(result);
            }
            else {
                if (traceEnabled) {
                    trace(host, Diagnostics.Containing_file_is_not_specified_and_root_directory_cannot_be_determined_skipping_lookup_in_node_modules_folder);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    function getDefaultNodeResolutionFeatures(options: CompilerOptions) {
        return getEmitModuleResolutionKind(options) === ModuleResolutionKind.Node16 ? NodeResolutionFeatures.Node16Default :
            getEmitModuleResolutionKind(options) === ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext ? NodeResolutionFeatures.NodeNextDefault :
                NodeResolutionFeatures.None;
    }

    /**
     * @internal
     * Does not try `@types/${packageName}` - use a second pass if needed.
     */
    export function resolvePackageNameToPackageJson(
        packageName: string,
        containingDirectory: string,
        options: CompilerOptions,
        host: ModuleResolutionHost,
        cache: ModuleResolutionCache | undefined,
    ): PackageJsonInfo | undefined {
        const moduleResolutionState: ModuleResolutionState = {
            compilerOptions: options,
            host,
            traceEnabled: isTraceEnabled(options, host),
            failedLookupLocations: [],
            packageJsonInfoCache: cache?.getPackageJsonInfoCache(),
            conditions: emptyArray,
            features: NodeResolutionFeatures.None,
            requestContainingDirectory: containingDirectory,
            reportDiagnostic: noop
        };

        return forEachAncestorDirectory(containingDirectory, ancestorDirectory => {
            if (getBaseFileName(ancestorDirectory) !== "node_modules") {
                const nodeModulesFolder = combinePaths(ancestorDirectory, "node_modules");
                const candidate = combinePaths(nodeModulesFolder, packageName);
                return getPackageJsonInfo(candidate, /*onlyRecordFailures*/ false, moduleResolutionState);
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * Given a set of options, returns the set of type directive names
     *   that should be included for this program automatically.
     * This list could either come from the config file,
     *   or from enumerating the types root + initial secondary types lookup location.
     * More type directives might appear in the program later as a result of loading actual source files;
     *   this list is only the set of defaults that are implicitly included.
     */
    export function getAutomaticTypeDirectiveNames(options: CompilerOptions, host: ModuleResolutionHost): string[] {
        // Use explicit type list from tsconfig.json
        if (options.types) {
            return options.types;
        }

        // Walk the primary type lookup locations
        const result: string[] = [];
        if (host.directoryExists && host.getDirectories) {
            const typeRoots = getEffectiveTypeRoots(options, host);
            if (typeRoots) {
                for (const root of typeRoots) {
                    if (host.directoryExists(root)) {
                        for (const typeDirectivePath of host.getDirectories(root)) {
                            const normalized = normalizePath(typeDirectivePath);
                            const packageJsonPath = combinePaths(root, normalized, "package.json");
                            // `types-publisher` sometimes creates packages with `"typings": null` for packages that don't provide their own types.
                            // See `createNotNeededPackageJSON` in the types-publisher` repo.
                            // eslint-disable-next-line no-null/no-null
                            const isNotNeededPackage = host.fileExists(packageJsonPath) && (readJson(packageJsonPath, host) as PackageJson).typings === null;
                            if (!isNotNeededPackage) {
                                const baseFileName = getBaseFileName(normalized);

                                // At this stage, skip results with leading dot.
                                if (baseFileName.charCodeAt(0) !== CharacterCodes.dot) {
                                    // Return just the type directive names
                                    result.push(baseFileName);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    export interface TypeReferenceDirectiveResolutionCache extends PerDirectoryResolutionCache<ResolvedTypeReferenceDirectiveWithFailedLookupLocations>, PackageJsonInfoCache {
    }

    export interface ModeAwareCache<T> {
        get(key: string, mode: ModuleKind.CommonJS | ModuleKind.ESNext | undefined): T | undefined;
        set(key: string, mode: ModuleKind.CommonJS | ModuleKind.ESNext | undefined, value: T): this;
        delete(key: string, mode: ModuleKind.CommonJS | ModuleKind.ESNext | undefined): this;
        has(key: string, mode: ModuleKind.CommonJS | ModuleKind.ESNext | undefined): boolean;
        forEach(cb: (elem: T, key: string, mode: ModuleKind.CommonJS | ModuleKind.ESNext | undefined) => void): void;
        size(): number;
    }

    /**
     * Cached resolutions per containing directory.
     * This assumes that any module id will have the same resolution for sibling files located in the same folder.
     */
    export interface PerDirectoryResolutionCache<T> {
        getOrCreateCacheForDirectory(directoryName: string, redirectedReference?: ResolvedProjectReference): ModeAwareCache<T>;
        clear(): void;
        /**
         *  Updates with the current compilerOptions the cache will operate with.
         *  This updates the redirects map as well if needed so module resolutions are cached if they can across the projects
         */
        update(options: CompilerOptions): void;
    }

    export interface ModuleResolutionCache extends PerDirectoryResolutionCache<ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations>, NonRelativeModuleNameResolutionCache, PackageJsonInfoCache {
        getPackageJsonInfoCache(): PackageJsonInfoCache;
    }

    /**
     * Stored map from non-relative module name to a table: directory -> result of module lookup in this directory
     * We support only non-relative module names because resolution of relative module names is usually more deterministic and thus less expensive.
     */
    export interface NonRelativeModuleNameResolutionCache extends PackageJsonInfoCache {
        getOrCreateCacheForModuleName(nonRelativeModuleName: string, mode: ModuleKind.CommonJS | ModuleKind.ESNext | undefined, redirectedReference?: ResolvedProjectReference): PerModuleNameCache;
    }

    export interface PackageJsonInfoCache {
        /*@internal*/ getPackageJsonInfo(packageJsonPath: string): PackageJsonInfo | boolean | undefined;
        /*@internal*/ setPackageJsonInfo(packageJsonPath: string, info: PackageJsonInfo | boolean): void;
        /*@internal*/ entries(): [Path, PackageJsonInfo | boolean][];
        clear(): void;
    }

    export interface PerModuleNameCache {
        get(directory: string): ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations | undefined;
        set(directory: string, result: ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations): void;
    }

    /*@internal*/
    export interface CacheWithRedirects<T> {
        getOwnMap: () => ESMap<string, T>;
        redirectsMap: ESMap<Path, ESMap<string, T>>;
        getOrCreateMapOfCacheRedirects(redirectedReference: ResolvedProjectReference | undefined): ESMap<string, T>;
        clear(): void;
        setOwnOptions(newOptions: CompilerOptions): void;
        setOwnMap(newOwnMap: ESMap<string, T>): void;
    }

    /*@internal*/
    export function createCacheWithRedirects<T>(options?: CompilerOptions): CacheWithRedirects<T> {
        let ownMap: ESMap<string, T> = new Map();
        const redirectsMap = new Map<Path, ESMap<string, T>>();
        return {
            getOwnMap,
            redirectsMap,
            getOrCreateMapOfCacheRedirects,
            clear,
            setOwnOptions,
            setOwnMap
        };

        function getOwnMap() {
            return ownMap;
        }

        function setOwnOptions(newOptions: CompilerOptions) {
            options = newOptions;
        }

        function setOwnMap(newOwnMap: ESMap<string, T>) {
            ownMap = newOwnMap;
        }

        function getOrCreateMapOfCacheRedirects(redirectedReference: ResolvedProjectReference | undefined) {
            if (!redirectedReference) {
                return ownMap;
            }
            const path = redirectedReference.sourceFile.path;
            let redirects = redirectsMap.get(path);
            if (!redirects) {
                // Reuse map if redirected reference map uses same resolution
                redirects = !options || optionsHaveModuleResolutionChanges(options, redirectedReference.commandLine.options) ? new Map() : ownMap;
                redirectsMap.set(path, redirects);
            }
            return redirects;
        }

        function clear() {
            ownMap.clear();
            redirectsMap.clear();
        }
    }

    function createPackageJsonInfoCache(currentDirectory: string, getCanonicalFileName: (s: string) => string): PackageJsonInfoCache {
        let cache: ESMap<Path, PackageJsonInfo | boolean> | undefined;
        return { getPackageJsonInfo, setPackageJsonInfo, clear, entries };
        function getPackageJsonInfo(packageJsonPath: string) {
            return cache?.get(toPath(packageJsonPath, currentDirectory, getCanonicalFileName));
        }
        function setPackageJsonInfo(packageJsonPath: string, info: PackageJsonInfo | boolean) {
            (cache ||= new Map()).set(toPath(packageJsonPath, currentDirectory, getCanonicalFileName), info);
        }
        function clear() {
            cache = undefined;
        }
        function entries() {
            const iter = cache?.entries();
            return iter ? arrayFrom(iter) : [];
        }
    }

    function getOrCreateCache<T>(cacheWithRedirects: CacheWithRedirects<T>, redirectedReference: ResolvedProjectReference | undefined, key: string, create: () => T): T {
        const cache = cacheWithRedirects.getOrCreateMapOfCacheRedirects(redirectedReference);
        let result = cache.get(key);
        if (!result) {
            result = create();
            cache.set(key, result);
        }
        return result;
    }

    function updateRedirectsMap<T>(
        options: CompilerOptions,
        directoryToModuleNameMap: CacheWithRedirects<ModeAwareCache<T>>,
        moduleNameToDirectoryMap?: CacheWithRedirects<PerModuleNameCache>
    ) {
        if (!options.configFile) return;
        if (directoryToModuleNameMap.redirectsMap.size === 0) {
            // The own map will be for projectCompilerOptions
            Debug.assert(!moduleNameToDirectoryMap || moduleNameToDirectoryMap.redirectsMap.size === 0);
            Debug.assert(directoryToModuleNameMap.getOwnMap().size === 0);
            Debug.assert(!moduleNameToDirectoryMap || moduleNameToDirectoryMap.getOwnMap().size === 0);
            directoryToModuleNameMap.redirectsMap.set(options.configFile.path, directoryToModuleNameMap.getOwnMap());
            moduleNameToDirectoryMap?.redirectsMap.set(options.configFile.path, moduleNameToDirectoryMap.getOwnMap());
        }
        else {
            // Set correct own map
            Debug.assert(!moduleNameToDirectoryMap || moduleNameToDirectoryMap.redirectsMap.size > 0);
            const ref: ResolvedProjectReference = {
                sourceFile: options.configFile,
                commandLine: { options } as ParsedCommandLine
            };
            directoryToModuleNameMap.setOwnMap(directoryToModuleNameMap.getOrCreateMapOfCacheRedirects(ref));
            moduleNameToDirectoryMap?.setOwnMap(moduleNameToDirectoryMap.getOrCreateMapOfCacheRedirects(ref));
        }
        directoryToModuleNameMap.setOwnOptions(options);
        moduleNameToDirectoryMap?.setOwnOptions(options);
    }

    function createPerDirectoryResolutionCache<T>(currentDirectory: string, getCanonicalFileName: GetCanonicalFileName, directoryToModuleNameMap: CacheWithRedirects<ModeAwareCache<T>>): PerDirectoryResolutionCache<T> {
        return {
            getOrCreateCacheForDirectory,
            clear,
            update,
        };

        function clear() {
            directoryToModuleNameMap.clear();
        }

        function update(options: CompilerOptions) {
            updateRedirectsMap(options, directoryToModuleNameMap);
        }

        function getOrCreateCacheForDirectory(directoryName: string, redirectedReference?: ResolvedProjectReference) {
            const path = toPath(directoryName, currentDirectory, getCanonicalFileName);
            return getOrCreateCache<ModeAwareCache<T>>(directoryToModuleNameMap, redirectedReference, path, () => createModeAwareCache());
        }
    }

    /* @internal */
    export function createModeAwareCache<T>(): ModeAwareCache<T> {
        const underlying = new Map<string, T>();
        const memoizedReverseKeys = new Map<string, [specifier: string, mode: ModuleKind.CommonJS | ModuleKind.ESNext | undefined]>();

        const cache: ModeAwareCache<T> = {
            get(specifier, mode) {
                return underlying.get(getUnderlyingCacheKey(specifier, mode));
            },
            set(specifier, mode, value) {
                underlying.set(getUnderlyingCacheKey(specifier, mode), value);
                return cache;
            },
            delete(specifier, mode) {
                underlying.delete(getUnderlyingCacheKey(specifier, mode));
                return cache;
            },
            has(specifier, mode) {
                return underlying.has(getUnderlyingCacheKey(specifier, mode));
            },
            forEach(cb) {
                return underlying.forEach((elem, key) => {
                    const [specifier, mode] = memoizedReverseKeys.get(key)!;
                    return cb(elem, specifier, mode);
                });
            },
            size() {
                return underlying.size;
            }
        };
        return cache;

        function getUnderlyingCacheKey(specifier: string, mode: ModuleKind.CommonJS | ModuleKind.ESNext | undefined) {
            const result = mode === undefined ? specifier : `${mode}|${specifier}`;
            memoizedReverseKeys.set(result, [specifier, mode]);
            return result;
        }
    }

    /* @internal */
    export function zipToModeAwareCache<V>(file: SourceFile, keys: readonly string[] | readonly FileReference[], values: readonly V[]): ModeAwareCache<V> {
        Debug.assert(keys.length === values.length);
        const map = createModeAwareCache<V>();
        for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
            const entry = keys[i];
            // We lower-case all type references because npm automatically lowercases all packages. See GH#9824.
            const name = !isString(entry) ? entry.fileName.toLowerCase() : entry;
            const mode = !isString(entry) ? entry.resolutionMode || file.impliedNodeFormat : getModeForResolutionAtIndex(file, i);
            map.set(name, mode, values[i]);
        }
        return map;
    }

    export function createModuleResolutionCache(
        currentDirectory: string,
        getCanonicalFileName: (s: string) => string,
        options?: CompilerOptions
    ): ModuleResolutionCache;
    /*@internal*/
    export function createModuleResolutionCache(
        currentDirectory: string,
        getCanonicalFileName: GetCanonicalFileName,
        options: undefined,
        directoryToModuleNameMap: CacheWithRedirects<ModeAwareCache<ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations>>,
        moduleNameToDirectoryMap: CacheWithRedirects<PerModuleNameCache>,
    ): ModuleResolutionCache;
    export function createModuleResolutionCache(
        currentDirectory: string,
        getCanonicalFileName: GetCanonicalFileName,
        options?: CompilerOptions,
        directoryToModuleNameMap?: CacheWithRedirects<ModeAwareCache<ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations>>,
        moduleNameToDirectoryMap?: CacheWithRedirects<PerModuleNameCache>,
    ): ModuleResolutionCache {
        const preDirectoryResolutionCache = createPerDirectoryResolutionCache(currentDirectory, getCanonicalFileName, directoryToModuleNameMap ||= createCacheWithRedirects(options));
        moduleNameToDirectoryMap ||= createCacheWithRedirects(options);
        const packageJsonInfoCache = createPackageJsonInfoCache(currentDirectory, getCanonicalFileName);

        return {
            ...packageJsonInfoCache,
            ...preDirectoryResolutionCache,
            getOrCreateCacheForModuleName,
            clear,
            update,
            getPackageJsonInfoCache: () => packageJsonInfoCache,
        };

        function clear() {
            preDirectoryResolutionCache.clear();
            moduleNameToDirectoryMap!.clear();
            packageJsonInfoCache.clear();
        }

        function update(options: CompilerOptions) {
            updateRedirectsMap(options, directoryToModuleNameMap!, moduleNameToDirectoryMap);
        }

        function getOrCreateCacheForModuleName(nonRelativeModuleName: string, mode: ModuleKind.CommonJS | ModuleKind.ESNext | undefined, redirectedReference?: ResolvedProjectReference): PerModuleNameCache {
            Debug.assert(!isExternalModuleNameRelative(nonRelativeModuleName));
            return getOrCreateCache(moduleNameToDirectoryMap!, redirectedReference, mode === undefined ? nonRelativeModuleName : `${mode}|${nonRelativeModuleName}`, createPerModuleNameCache);
        }

        function createPerModuleNameCache(): PerModuleNameCache {
            const directoryPathMap = new Map<string, ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations>();

            return { get, set };

            function get(directory: string): ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations | undefined {
                return directoryPathMap.get(toPath(directory, currentDirectory, getCanonicalFileName));
            }

            /**
             * At first this function add entry directory -> module resolution result to the table.
             * Then it computes the set of parent folders for 'directory' that should have the same module resolution result
             * and for every parent folder in set it adds entry: parent -> module resolution. .
             * Lets say we first directory name: /a/b/c/d/e and resolution result is: /a/b/bar.ts.
             * Set of parent folders that should have the same result will be:
             * [
             *     /a/b/c/d, /a/b/c, /a/b
             * ]
             * this means that request for module resolution from file in any of these folder will be immediately found in cache.
             */
            function set(directory: string, result: ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations): void {
                const path = toPath(directory, currentDirectory, getCanonicalFileName);
                // if entry is already in cache do nothing
                if (directoryPathMap.has(path)) {
                    return;
                }
                directoryPathMap.set(path, result);

                const resolvedFileName = result.resolvedModule &&
                    (result.resolvedModule.originalPath || result.resolvedModule.resolvedFileName);
                // find common prefix between directory and resolved file name
                // this common prefix should be the shortest path that has the same resolution
                // directory: /a/b/c/d/e
                // resolvedFileName: /a/b/foo.d.ts
                // commonPrefix: /a/b
                // for failed lookups cache the result for every directory up to root
                const commonPrefix = resolvedFileName && getCommonPrefix(path, resolvedFileName);
                let current = path;
                while (current !== commonPrefix) {
                    const parent = getDirectoryPath(current);
                    if (parent === current || directoryPathMap.has(parent)) {
                        break;
                    }
                    directoryPathMap.set(parent, result);
                    current = parent;
                }
            }

            function getCommonPrefix(directory: Path, resolution: string) {
                const resolutionDirectory = toPath(getDirectoryPath(resolution), currentDirectory, getCanonicalFileName);

                // find first position where directory and resolution differs
                let i = 0;
                const limit = Math.min(directory.length, resolutionDirectory.length);
                while (i < limit && directory.charCodeAt(i) === resolutionDirectory.charCodeAt(i)) {
                    i++;
                }
                if (i === directory.length && (resolutionDirectory.length === i || resolutionDirectory[i] === directorySeparator)) {
                    return directory;
                }
                const rootLength = getRootLength(directory);
                if (i < rootLength) {
                    return undefined;
                }
                const sep = directory.lastIndexOf(directorySeparator, i - 1);
                if (sep === -1) {
                    return undefined;
                }
                return directory.substr(0, Math.max(sep, rootLength));
            }
        }
    }

    export function createTypeReferenceDirectiveResolutionCache(
        currentDirectory: string,
        getCanonicalFileName: (s: string) => string,
        options?: CompilerOptions,
        packageJsonInfoCache?: PackageJsonInfoCache,
    ): TypeReferenceDirectiveResolutionCache;
    /*@internal*/
    export function createTypeReferenceDirectiveResolutionCache(
        currentDirectory: string,
        getCanonicalFileName: GetCanonicalFileName,
        options: undefined,
        packageJsonInfoCache: PackageJsonInfoCache | undefined,
        directoryToModuleNameMap: CacheWithRedirects<ModeAwareCache<ResolvedTypeReferenceDirectiveWithFailedLookupLocations>>,
    ): TypeReferenceDirectiveResolutionCache;
    export function createTypeReferenceDirectiveResolutionCache(
        currentDirectory: string,
        getCanonicalFileName: GetCanonicalFileName,
        options?: CompilerOptions,
        packageJsonInfoCache?: PackageJsonInfoCache | undefined,
        directoryToModuleNameMap?: CacheWithRedirects<ModeAwareCache<ResolvedTypeReferenceDirectiveWithFailedLookupLocations>>,
    ): TypeReferenceDirectiveResolutionCache {
        const preDirectoryResolutionCache = createPerDirectoryResolutionCache(currentDirectory, getCanonicalFileName, directoryToModuleNameMap ||= createCacheWithRedirects(options));
        packageJsonInfoCache ||= createPackageJsonInfoCache(currentDirectory, getCanonicalFileName);

        return {
            ...packageJsonInfoCache,
            ...preDirectoryResolutionCache,
            clear,
        };

        function clear() {
            preDirectoryResolutionCache.clear();
            packageJsonInfoCache!.clear();
        }
    }

    export function resolveModuleNameFromCache(moduleName: string, containingFile: string, cache: ModuleResolutionCache, mode?: ModuleKind.CommonJS | ModuleKind.ESNext): ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations | undefined {
        const containingDirectory = getDirectoryPath(containingFile);
        const perFolderCache = cache && cache.getOrCreateCacheForDirectory(containingDirectory);
        if (!perFolderCache) return undefined;
        return perFolderCache.get(moduleName, mode);
    }

    export function resolveModuleName(moduleName: string, containingFile: string, compilerOptions: CompilerOptions, host: ModuleResolutionHost, cache?: ModuleResolutionCache, redirectedReference?: ResolvedProjectReference, resolutionMode?: ModuleKind.CommonJS | ModuleKind.ESNext): ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations {
        const traceEnabled = isTraceEnabled(compilerOptions, host);
        if (redirectedReference) {
            compilerOptions = redirectedReference.commandLine.options;
        }
        if (traceEnabled) {
            trace(host, Diagnostics.Resolving_module_0_from_1, moduleName, containingFile);
            if (redirectedReference) {
                trace(host, Diagnostics.Using_compiler_options_of_project_reference_redirect_0, redirectedReference.sourceFile.fileName);
            }
        }
        const containingDirectory = getDirectoryPath(containingFile);
        const perFolderCache = cache && cache.getOrCreateCacheForDirectory(containingDirectory, redirectedReference);
        let result = perFolderCache && perFolderCache.get(moduleName, resolutionMode);

        if (result) {
            if (traceEnabled) {
                trace(host, Diagnostics.Resolution_for_module_0_was_found_in_cache_from_location_1, moduleName, containingDirectory);
            }
        }
        else {
            let moduleResolution = compilerOptions.moduleResolution;
            if (moduleResolution === undefined) {
                switch (getEmitModuleKind(compilerOptions)) {
                    case ModuleKind.CommonJS:
                        moduleResolution = ModuleResolutionKind.NodeJs;
                        break;
                    case ModuleKind.Node16:
                        moduleResolution = ModuleResolutionKind.Node16;
                        break;
                    case ModuleKind.NodeNext:
                        moduleResolution = ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext;
                        break;
                    default:
                        moduleResolution = ModuleResolutionKind.Classic;
                        break;
                }
                if (traceEnabled) {
                    trace(host, Diagnostics.Module_resolution_kind_is_not_specified_using_0, ModuleResolutionKind[moduleResolution]);
                }
            }
            else {
                if (traceEnabled) {
                    trace(host, Diagnostics.Explicitly_specified_module_resolution_kind_Colon_0, ModuleResolutionKind[moduleResolution]);
                }
            }

            perfLogger.logStartResolveModule(moduleName /* , containingFile, ModuleResolutionKind[moduleResolution]*/);
            switch (moduleResolution) {
                case ModuleResolutionKind.Node16:
                    result = node16ModuleNameResolver(moduleName, containingFile, compilerOptions, host, cache, redirectedReference, resolutionMode);
                    break;
                case ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext:
                    result = nodeNextModuleNameResolver(moduleName, containingFile, compilerOptions, host, cache, redirectedReference, resolutionMode);
                    break;
                case ModuleResolutionKind.NodeJs:
                    result = nodeModuleNameResolver(moduleName, containingFile, compilerOptions, host, cache, redirectedReference);
                    break;
                case ModuleResolutionKind.Classic:
                    result = classicNameResolver(moduleName, containingFile, compilerOptions, host, cache, redirectedReference);
                    break;
                default:
                    return Debug.fail(`Unexpected moduleResolution: ${moduleResolution}`);
            }
            if (result && result.resolvedModule) perfLogger.logInfoEvent(`Module "${moduleName}" resolved to "${result.resolvedModule.resolvedFileName}"`);
            perfLogger.logStopResolveModule((result && result.resolvedModule) ? "" + result.resolvedModule.resolvedFileName : "null");

            if (perFolderCache) {
                perFolderCache.set(moduleName, resolutionMode, result);
                if (!isExternalModuleNameRelative(moduleName)) {
                    // put result in per-module name cache
                    cache.getOrCreateCacheForModuleName(moduleName, resolutionMode, redirectedReference).set(containingDirectory, result);
                }
            }
        }

        if (traceEnabled) {
            if (result.resolvedModule) {
                if (result.resolvedModule.packageId) {
                    trace(host, Diagnostics.Module_name_0_was_successfully_resolved_to_1_with_Package_ID_2, moduleName, result.resolvedModule.resolvedFileName, packageIdToString(result.resolvedModule.packageId));
                }
                else {
                    trace(host, Diagnostics.Module_name_0_was_successfully_resolved_to_1, moduleName, result.resolvedModule.resolvedFileName);
                }
            }
            else {
                trace(host, Diagnostics.Module_name_0_was_not_resolved, moduleName);
            }
        }

        return result;
    }

    /*
     * Every module resolution kind can has its specific understanding how to load module from a specific path on disk
     * I.e. for path '/a/b/c':
     * - Node loader will first to try to check if '/a/b/c' points to a file with some supported extension and if this fails
     * it will try to load module from directory: directory '/a/b/c' should exist and it should have either 'package.json' with
     * 'typings' entry or file 'index' with some supported extension
     * - Classic loader will only try to interpret '/a/b/c' as file.
     */
    type ResolutionKindSpecificLoader = (extensions: Extensions, candidate: string, onlyRecordFailures: boolean, state: ModuleResolutionState) => Resolved | undefined;

    /**
     * Any module resolution kind can be augmented with optional settings: 'baseUrl', 'paths' and 'rootDirs' - they are used to
     * mitigate differences between design time structure of the project and its runtime counterpart so the same import name
     * can be resolved successfully by TypeScript compiler and runtime module loader.
     * If these settings are set then loading procedure will try to use them to resolve module name and it can of failure it will
     * fallback to standard resolution routine.
     *
     * - baseUrl - this setting controls how non-relative module names are resolved. If this setting is specified then non-relative
     * names will be resolved relative to baseUrl: i.e. if baseUrl is '/a/b' then candidate location to resolve module name 'c/d' will
     * be '/a/b/c/d'
     * - paths - this setting can only be used when baseUrl is specified. allows to tune how non-relative module names
     * will be resolved based on the content of the module name.
     * Structure of 'paths' compiler options
     * 'paths': {
     *    pattern-1: [...substitutions],
     *    pattern-2: [...substitutions],
     *    ...
     *    pattern-n: [...substitutions]
     * }
     * Pattern here is a string that can contain zero or one '*' character. During module resolution module name will be matched against
     * all patterns in the list. Matching for patterns that don't contain '*' means that module name must be equal to pattern respecting the case.
     * If pattern contains '*' then to match pattern "<prefix>*<suffix>" module name must start with the <prefix> and end with <suffix>.
     * <MatchedStar> denotes part of the module name between <prefix> and <suffix>.
     * If module name can be matches with multiple patterns then pattern with the longest prefix will be picked.
     * After selecting pattern we'll use list of substitutions to get candidate locations of the module and the try to load module
     * from the candidate location.
     * Substitution is a string that can contain zero or one '*'. To get candidate location from substitution we'll pick every
     * substitution in the list and replace '*' with <MatchedStar> string. If candidate location is not rooted it
     * will be converted to absolute using baseUrl.
     * For example:
     * baseUrl: /a/b/c
     * "paths": {
     *     // match all module names
     *     "*": [
     *         "*",        // use matched name as is,
     *                     // <matched name> will be looked as /a/b/c/<matched name>
     *
     *         "folder1/*" // substitution will convert matched name to 'folder1/<matched name>',
     *                     // since it is not rooted then final candidate location will be /a/b/c/folder1/<matched name>
     *     ],
     *     // match module names that start with 'components/'
     *     "components/*": [ "/root/components/*" ] // substitution will convert /components/folder1/<matched name> to '/root/components/folder1/<matched name>',
     *                                              // it is rooted so it will be final candidate location
     * }
     *
     * 'rootDirs' allows the project to be spreaded across multiple locations and resolve modules with relative names as if
     * they were in the same location. For example lets say there are two files
     * '/local/src/content/file1.ts'
     * '/shared/components/contracts/src/content/protocols/file2.ts'
     * After bundling content of '/shared/components/contracts/src' will be merged with '/local/src' so
     * if file1 has the following import 'import {x} from "./protocols/file2"' it will be resolved successfully in runtime.
     * 'rootDirs' provides the way to tell compiler that in order to get the whole project it should behave as if content of all
     * root dirs were merged together.
     * I.e. for the example above 'rootDirs' will have two entries: [ '/local/src', '/shared/components/contracts/src' ].
     * Compiler will first convert './protocols/file2' into absolute path relative to the location of containing file:
     * '/local/src/content/protocols/file2' and try to load it - failure.
     * Then it will search 'rootDirs' looking for a longest matching prefix of this absolute path and if such prefix is found - absolute path will
     * be converted to a path relative to found rootDir entry './content/protocols/file2' (*). As a last step compiler will check all remaining
     * entries in 'rootDirs', use them to build absolute path out of (*) and try to resolve module from this location.
     */
    function tryLoadModuleUsingOptionalResolutionSettings(extensions: Extensions, moduleName: string, containingDirectory: string, loader: ResolutionKindSpecificLoader,
        state: ModuleResolutionState): Resolved | undefined {

        const resolved = tryLoadModuleUsingPathsIfEligible(extensions, moduleName, loader, state);
        if (resolved) return resolved.value;

        if (!isExternalModuleNameRelative(moduleName)) {
            return tryLoadModuleUsingBaseUrl(extensions, moduleName, loader, state);
        }
        else {
            return tryLoadModuleUsingRootDirs(extensions, moduleName, containingDirectory, loader, state);
        }
    }

    function tryLoadModuleUsingPathsIfEligible(extensions: Extensions, moduleName: string, loader: ResolutionKindSpecificLoader, state: ModuleResolutionState) {
        const { baseUrl, paths, configFile } = state.compilerOptions;
        if (paths && !pathIsRelative(moduleName)) {
            if (state.traceEnabled) {
                if (baseUrl) {
                    trace(state.host, Diagnostics.baseUrl_option_is_set_to_0_using_this_value_to_resolve_non_relative_module_name_1, baseUrl, moduleName);
                }
                trace(state.host, Diagnostics.paths_option_is_specified_looking_for_a_pattern_to_match_module_name_0, moduleName);
            }
            const baseDirectory = getPathsBasePath(state.compilerOptions, state.host)!; // Always defined when 'paths' is defined
            const pathPatterns = configFile?.configFileSpecs ? configFile.configFileSpecs.pathPatterns ||= tryParsePatterns(paths) : undefined;
            return tryLoadModuleUsingPaths(extensions, moduleName, baseDirectory, paths, pathPatterns, loader, /*onlyRecordFailures*/ false, state);
        }
    }

    function tryLoadModuleUsingRootDirs(extensions: Extensions, moduleName: string, containingDirectory: string, loader: ResolutionKindSpecificLoader,
        state: ModuleResolutionState): Resolved | undefined {

        if (!state.compilerOptions.rootDirs) {
            return undefined;
        }

        if (state.traceEnabled) {
            trace(state.host, Diagnostics.rootDirs_option_is_set_using_it_to_resolve_relative_module_name_0, moduleName);
        }

        const candidate = normalizePath(combinePaths(containingDirectory, moduleName));

        let matchedRootDir: string | undefined;
        let matchedNormalizedPrefix: string | undefined;
        for (const rootDir of state.compilerOptions.rootDirs) {
            // rootDirs are expected to be absolute
            // in case of tsconfig.json this will happen automatically - compiler will expand relative names
            // using location of tsconfig.json as base location
            let normalizedRoot = normalizePath(rootDir);
            if (!endsWith(normalizedRoot, directorySeparator)) {
                normalizedRoot += directorySeparator;
            }
            const isLongestMatchingPrefix =
                startsWith(candidate, normalizedRoot) &&
                (matchedNormalizedPrefix === undefined || matchedNormalizedPrefix.length < normalizedRoot.length);

            if (state.traceEnabled) {
                trace(state.host, Diagnostics.Checking_if_0_is_the_longest_matching_prefix_for_1_2, normalizedRoot, candidate, isLongestMatchingPrefix);
            }

            if (isLongestMatchingPrefix) {
                matchedNormalizedPrefix = normalizedRoot;
                matchedRootDir = rootDir;
            }
        }
        if (matchedNormalizedPrefix) {
            if (state.traceEnabled) {
                trace(state.host, Diagnostics.Longest_matching_prefix_for_0_is_1, candidate, matchedNormalizedPrefix);
            }
            const suffix = candidate.substr(matchedNormalizedPrefix.length);

            // first - try to load from a initial location
            if (state.traceEnabled) {
                trace(state.host, Diagnostics.Loading_0_from_the_root_dir_1_candidate_location_2, suffix, matchedNormalizedPrefix, candidate);
            }
            const resolvedFileName = loader(extensions, candidate, !directoryProbablyExists(containingDirectory, state.host), state);
            if (resolvedFileName) {
                return resolvedFileName;
            }

            if (state.traceEnabled) {
                trace(state.host, Diagnostics.Trying_other_entries_in_rootDirs);
            }
            // then try to resolve using remaining entries in rootDirs
            for (const rootDir of state.compilerOptions.rootDirs) {
                if (rootDir === matchedRootDir) {
                    // skip the initially matched entry
                    continue;
                }
                const candidate = combinePaths(normalizePath(rootDir), suffix);
                if (state.traceEnabled) {
                    trace(state.host, Diagnostics.Loading_0_from_the_root_dir_1_candidate_location_2, suffix, rootDir, candidate);
                }
                const baseDirectory = getDirectoryPath(candidate);
                const resolvedFileName = loader(extensions, candidate, !directoryProbablyExists(baseDirectory, state.host), state);
                if (resolvedFileName) {
                    return resolvedFileName;
                }
            }
            if (state.traceEnabled) {
                trace(state.host, Diagnostics.Module_resolution_using_rootDirs_has_failed);
            }
        }
        return undefined;
    }

    function tryLoadModuleUsingBaseUrl(extensions: Extensions, moduleName: string, loader: ResolutionKindSpecificLoader, state: ModuleResolutionState): Resolved | undefined {
        const { baseUrl } = state.compilerOptions;
        if (!baseUrl) {
            return undefined;
        }
        if (state.traceEnabled) {
            trace(state.host, Diagnostics.baseUrl_option_is_set_to_0_using_this_value_to_resolve_non_relative_module_name_1, baseUrl, moduleName);
        }
        const candidate = normalizePath(combinePaths(baseUrl, moduleName));
        if (state.traceEnabled) {
            trace(state.host, Diagnostics.Resolving_module_name_0_relative_to_base_url_1_2, moduleName, baseUrl, candidate);
        }
        return loader(extensions, candidate, !directoryProbablyExists(getDirectoryPath(candidate), state.host), state);
    }

    /**
     * Expose resolution logic to allow us to use Node module resolution logic from arbitrary locations.
     * No way to do this with `require()`: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/5963
     * Throws an error if the module can't be resolved.
     */
    /* @internal */
    export function resolveJSModule(moduleName: string, initialDir: string, host: ModuleResolutionHost): string {
        const { resolvedModule, failedLookupLocations } = tryResolveJSModuleWorker(moduleName, initialDir, host);
        if (!resolvedModule) {
            throw new Error(`Could not resolve JS module '${moduleName}' starting at '${initialDir}'. Looked in: ${failedLookupLocations.join(", ")}`);
        }
        return resolvedModule.resolvedFileName;
    }

    /* @internal */
    enum NodeResolutionFeatures {
        None = 0,
        // resolving `#local` names in your own package.json
        Imports = 1 << 1,
        // resolving `your-own-name` from your own package.json
        SelfName = 1 << 2,
        // respecting the `.exports` member of packages' package.json files and its (conditional) mappings of export names
        Exports = 1 << 3,
        // allowing `*` in the LHS of an export to be followed by more content, eg `"./whatever/*.js"`
        // not supported in node 12 - https://github.com/nodejs/Release/issues/690
        ExportsPatternTrailers = 1 << 4,
        AllFeatures = Imports | SelfName | Exports | ExportsPatternTrailers,

        Node16Default = Imports | SelfName | Exports | ExportsPatternTrailers,

        NodeNextDefault = AllFeatures,

        EsmMode = 1 << 5,
    }

    function node16ModuleNameResolver(moduleName: string, containingFile: string, compilerOptions: CompilerOptions,
            host: ModuleResolutionHost, cache?: ModuleResolutionCache, redirectedReference?: ResolvedProjectReference,
            resolutionMode?: ModuleKind.CommonJS | ModuleKind.ESNext): ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations {
        return nodeNextModuleNameResolverWorker(
            NodeResolutionFeatures.Node16Default,
            moduleName,
            containingFile,
            compilerOptions,
            host,
            cache,
            redirectedReference,
            resolutionMode
        );
    }

    function nodeNextModuleNameResolver(moduleName: string, containingFile: string, compilerOptions: CompilerOptions,
            host: ModuleResolutionHost, cache?: ModuleResolutionCache, redirectedReference?: ResolvedProjectReference,
            resolutionMode?: ModuleKind.CommonJS | ModuleKind.ESNext): ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations {
        return nodeNextModuleNameResolverWorker(
            NodeResolutionFeatures.NodeNextDefault,
            moduleName,
            containingFile,
            compilerOptions,
            host,
            cache,
            redirectedReference,
            resolutionMode
        );
    }

    const jsOnlyExtensions = [Extensions.JavaScript];
    const tsExtensions = [Extensions.TypeScript, Extensions.JavaScript];
    const tsPlusJsonExtensions = [...tsExtensions, Extensions.Json];
    const tsconfigExtensions = [Extensions.TSConfig];
    function nodeNextModuleNameResolverWorker(features: NodeResolutionFeatures, moduleName: string, containingFile: string, compilerOptions: CompilerOptions, host: ModuleResolutionHost, cache?: ModuleResolutionCache, redirectedReference?: ResolvedProjectReference, resolutionMode?: ModuleKind.CommonJS | ModuleKind.ESNext): ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations {
        const containingDirectory = getDirectoryPath(containingFile);

        // es module file or cjs-like input file, use a variant of the legacy cjs resolver that supports the selected modern features
        const esmMode = resolutionMode === ModuleKind.ESNext ? NodeResolutionFeatures.EsmMode : 0;
        let extensions = compilerOptions.noDtsResolution ? [Extensions.TsOnly, Extensions.JavaScript] : tsExtensions;
        if (compilerOptions.resolveJsonModule) {
            extensions = [...extensions, Extensions.Json];
        }
        return nodeModuleNameResolverWorker(features | esmMode, moduleName, containingDirectory, compilerOptions, host, cache, extensions, redirectedReference);
    }

    function tryResolveJSModuleWorker(moduleName: string, initialDir: string, host: ModuleResolutionHost): ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations {
        return nodeModuleNameResolverWorker(NodeResolutionFeatures.None, moduleName, initialDir, { moduleResolution: ModuleResolutionKind.NodeJs, allowJs: true }, host, /*cache*/ undefined, jsOnlyExtensions, /*redirectedReferences*/ undefined);
    }

    export function nodeModuleNameResolver(moduleName: string, containingFile: string, compilerOptions: CompilerOptions, host: ModuleResolutionHost, cache?: ModuleResolutionCache, redirectedReference?: ResolvedProjectReference): ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations;
    /* @internal */ export function nodeModuleNameResolver(moduleName: string, containingFile: string, compilerOptions: CompilerOptions, host: ModuleResolutionHost, cache?: ModuleResolutionCache, redirectedReference?: ResolvedProjectReference, lookupConfig?: boolean): ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations; // eslint-disable-line @typescript-eslint/unified-signatures
    export function nodeModuleNameResolver(moduleName: string, containingFile: string, compilerOptions: CompilerOptions, host: ModuleResolutionHost, cache?: ModuleResolutionCache, redirectedReference?: ResolvedProjectReference, lookupConfig?: boolean): ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations {
        let extensions;
        if (lookupConfig) {
            extensions = tsconfigExtensions;
        }
        else if (compilerOptions.noDtsResolution) {
            extensions = [Extensions.TsOnly];
            if (compilerOptions.allowJs) extensions.push(Extensions.JavaScript);
            if (compilerOptions.resolveJsonModule) extensions.push(Extensions.Json);
        }
        else {
            extensions = compilerOptions.resolveJsonModule ? tsPlusJsonExtensions : tsExtensions;
        }
        return nodeModuleNameResolverWorker(NodeResolutionFeatures.None, moduleName, getDirectoryPath(containingFile), compilerOptions, host, cache, extensions, redirectedReference);
    }

    function nodeModuleNameResolverWorker(features: NodeResolutionFeatures, moduleName: string, containingDirectory: string, compilerOptions: CompilerOptions, host: ModuleResolutionHost, cache: ModuleResolutionCache | undefined, extensions: Extensions[], redirectedReference: ResolvedProjectReference | undefined): ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations {
        const traceEnabled = isTraceEnabled(compilerOptions, host);

        const failedLookupLocations: string[] = [];
        // conditions are only used by the node16/nodenext resolver - there's no priority order in the list,
        //it's essentially a set (priority is determined by object insertion order in the object we look at).
        const conditions = features & NodeResolutionFeatures.EsmMode ? ["node", "import", "types"] : ["node", "require", "types"];
        if (compilerOptions.noDtsResolution) {
            conditions.pop();
        }

        const diagnostics: Diagnostic[] = [];
        const state: ModuleResolutionState = {
            compilerOptions,
            host,
            traceEnabled,
            failedLookupLocations,
            packageJsonInfoCache: cache,
            features,
            conditions,
            requestContainingDirectory: containingDirectory,
            reportDiagnostic: diag => void diagnostics.push(diag),
        };

        const result = forEach(extensions, ext => tryResolve(ext));
        return createResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations(result?.value?.resolved, result?.value?.isExternalLibraryImport, failedLookupLocations, diagnostics, state.resultFromCache);

        function tryResolve(extensions: Extensions): SearchResult<{ resolved: Resolved, isExternalLibraryImport: boolean }> {
            const loader: ResolutionKindSpecificLoader = (extensions, candidate, onlyRecordFailures, state) => nodeLoadModuleByRelativeName(extensions, candidate, onlyRecordFailures, state, /*considerPackageJson*/ true);
            const resolved = tryLoadModuleUsingOptionalResolutionSettings(extensions, moduleName, containingDirectory, loader, state);
            if (resolved) {
                return toSearchResult({ resolved, isExternalLibraryImport: pathContainsNodeModules(resolved.path) });
            }

            if (!isExternalModuleNameRelative(moduleName)) {
                let resolved: SearchResult<Resolved> | undefined;
                if (features & NodeResolutionFeatures.Imports && startsWith(moduleName, "#")) {
                    resolved = loadModuleFromImports(extensions, moduleName, containingDirectory, state, cache, redirectedReference);
                }
                if (!resolved && features & NodeResolutionFeatures.SelfName) {
                    resolved = loadModuleFromSelfNameReference(extensions, moduleName, containingDirectory, state, cache, redirectedReference);
                }
                if (!resolved) {
                    if (traceEnabled) {
                        trace(host, Diagnostics.Loading_module_0_from_node_modules_folder_target_file_type_1, moduleName, Extensions[extensions]);
                    }
                    resolved = loadModuleFromNearestNodeModulesDirectory(extensions, moduleName, containingDirectory, state, cache, redirectedReference);
                }
                if (!resolved) return undefined;

                let resolvedValue = resolved.value;
                if (!compilerOptions.preserveSymlinks && resolvedValue && !resolvedValue.originalPath) {
                    const path = realPath(resolvedValue.path, host, traceEnabled);
                    const originalPath = arePathsEqual(path, resolvedValue.path, host) ? undefined : resolvedValue.path;
                    resolvedValue = { ...resolvedValue, path, originalPath };
                }
                // For node_modules lookups, get the real path so that multiple accesses to an `npm link`-ed module do not create duplicate files.
                return { value: resolvedValue && { resolved: resolvedValue, isExternalLibraryImport: true } };
            }
            else {
                const { path: candidate, parts } = normalizePathForCJSResolution(containingDirectory, moduleName);
                const resolved = nodeLoadModuleByRelativeName(extensions, candidate, /*onlyRecordFailures*/ false, state, /*considerPackageJson*/ true);
                // Treat explicit "node_modules" import as an external library import.
                return resolved && toSearchResult({ resolved, isExternalLibraryImport: contains(parts, "node_modules") });
            }
        }

    }

    // If you import from "." inside a containing directory "/foo", the result of `normalizePath`
    // would be "/foo", but this loses the information that `foo` is a directory and we intended
    // to look inside of it. The Node CommonJS resolution algorithm doesn't call this out
    // (https://nodejs.org/api/modules.html#all-together), but it seems that module paths ending
    // in `.` are actually normalized to `./` before proceeding with the resolution algorithm.
    function normalizePathForCJSResolution(containingDirectory: string, moduleName: string) {
        const combined = combinePaths(containingDirectory, moduleName);
        const parts = getPathComponents(combined);
        const lastPart = lastOrUndefined(parts);
        const path = lastPart === "." || lastPart === ".." ? ensureTrailingDirectorySeparator(normalizePath(combined)) : normalizePath(combined);
        return { path, parts };
    }

    function realPath(path: string, host: ModuleResolutionHost, traceEnabled: boolean): string {
        if (!host.realpath) {
            return path;
        }

        const real = normalizePath(host.realpath(path));
        if (traceEnabled) {
            trace(host, Diagnostics.Resolving_real_path_for_0_result_1, path, real);
        }
        Debug.assert(host.fileExists(real), `${path} linked to nonexistent file ${real}`);
        return real;
    }

    function nodeLoadModuleByRelativeName(extensions: Extensions, candidate: string, onlyRecordFailures: boolean, state: ModuleResolutionState, considerPackageJson: boolean): Resolved | undefined {
        if (state.traceEnabled) {
            trace(state.host, Diagnostics.Loading_module_as_file_Slash_folder_candidate_module_location_0_target_file_type_1, candidate, Extensions[extensions]);
        }
        if (!hasTrailingDirectorySeparator(candidate)) {
            if (!onlyRecordFailures) {
                const parentOfCandidate = getDirectoryPath(candidate);
                if (!directoryProbablyExists(parentOfCandidate, state.host)) {
                    if (state.traceEnabled) {
                        trace(state.host, Diagnostics.Directory_0_does_not_exist_skipping_all_lookups_in_it, parentOfCandidate);
                    }
                    onlyRecordFailures = true;
                }
            }
            const resolvedFromFile = loadModuleFromFile(extensions, candidate, onlyRecordFailures, state);
            if (resolvedFromFile) {
                const packageDirectory = considerPackageJson ? parseNodeModuleFromPath(resolvedFromFile.path) : undefined;
                const packageInfo = packageDirectory ? getPackageJsonInfo(packageDirectory, /*onlyRecordFailures*/ false, state) : undefined;
                return withPackageId(packageInfo, resolvedFromFile);
            }
        }
        if (!onlyRecordFailures) {
            const candidateExists = directoryProbablyExists(candidate, state.host);
            if (!candidateExists) {
                if (state.traceEnabled) {
                    trace(state.host, Diagnostics.Directory_0_does_not_exist_skipping_all_lookups_in_it, candidate);
                }
                onlyRecordFailures = true;
            }
        }
        // esm mode relative imports shouldn't do any directory lookups (either inside `package.json`
        // files or implicit `index.js`es). This is a notable depature from cjs norms, where `./foo/pkg`
        // could have been redirected by `./foo/pkg/package.json` to an arbitrary location!
        if (!(state.features & NodeResolutionFeatures.EsmMode)) {
            return loadNodeModuleFromDirectory(extensions, candidate, onlyRecordFailures, state, considerPackageJson);
        }
        return undefined;
    }

    /*@internal*/
    export const nodeModulesPathPart = "/node_modules/";
    /*@internal*/
    export function pathContainsNodeModules(path: string): boolean {
        return stringContains(path, nodeModulesPathPart);
    }

    /**
     * This will be called on the successfully resolved path from `loadModuleFromFile`.
     * (Not needed for `loadModuleFromNodeModules` as that looks up the `package.json` as part of resolution.)
     *
     * packageDirectory is the directory of the package itself.
     *   For `blah/node_modules/foo/index.d.ts` this is packageDirectory: "foo"
     *   For `/node_modules/foo/bar.d.ts` this is packageDirectory: "foo"
     *   For `/node_modules/@types/foo/bar/index.d.ts` this is packageDirectory: "@types/foo"
     *   For `/node_modules/foo/bar/index.d.ts` this is packageDirectory: "foo"
     */
    /* @internal */
    export function parseNodeModuleFromPath(resolved: string): string | undefined {
        const path = normalizePath(resolved);
        const idx = path.lastIndexOf(nodeModulesPathPart);
        if (idx === -1) {
            return undefined;
        }

        const indexAfterNodeModules = idx + nodeModulesPathPart.length;
        let indexAfterPackageName = moveToNextDirectorySeparatorIfAvailable(path, indexAfterNodeModules);
        if (path.charCodeAt(indexAfterNodeModules) === CharacterCodes.at) {
            indexAfterPackageName = moveToNextDirectorySeparatorIfAvailable(path, indexAfterPackageName);
        }
        return path.slice(0, indexAfterPackageName);
    }

    function moveToNextDirectorySeparatorIfAvailable(path: string, prevSeparatorIndex: number): number {
        const nextSeparatorIndex = path.indexOf(directorySeparator, prevSeparatorIndex + 1);
        return nextSeparatorIndex === -1 ? prevSeparatorIndex : nextSeparatorIndex;
    }

    function loadModuleFromFileNoPackageId(extensions: Extensions, candidate: string, onlyRecordFailures: boolean, state: ModuleResolutionState): Resolved | undefined {
        return noPackageId(loadModuleFromFile(extensions, candidate, onlyRecordFailures, state));
    }

    /**
     * @param {boolean} onlyRecordFailures - if true then function won't try to actually load files but instead record all attempts as failures. This flag is necessary
     * in cases when we know upfront that all load attempts will fail (because containing folder does not exists) however we still need to record all failed lookup locations.
     */
    function loadModuleFromFile(extensions: Extensions, candidate: string, onlyRecordFailures: boolean, state: ModuleResolutionState): PathAndExtension | undefined {
        if (extensions === Extensions.Json || extensions === Extensions.TSConfig) {
            const extensionLess = tryRemoveExtension(candidate, Extension.Json);
            const extension = extensionLess ? candidate.substring(extensionLess.length) : "";
            return (extensionLess === undefined && extensions === Extensions.Json) ? undefined : tryAddingExtensions(extensionLess || candidate, extensions, extension, onlyRecordFailures, state);
        }

        // esm mode resolutions don't include automatic extension lookup (without additional flags, at least)
        if (!(state.features & NodeResolutionFeatures.EsmMode)) {
            // First, try adding an extension. An import of "foo" could be matched by a file "foo.ts", or "foo.js" by "foo.js.ts"
            const resolvedByAddingExtension = tryAddingExtensions(candidate, extensions, "", onlyRecordFailures, state);
            if (resolvedByAddingExtension) {
                return resolvedByAddingExtension;
            }
        }

        return loadModuleFromFileNoImplicitExtensions(extensions, candidate, onlyRecordFailures, state);
    }

    function loadModuleFromFileNoImplicitExtensions(extensions: Extensions, candidate: string, onlyRecordFailures: boolean, state: ModuleResolutionState): PathAndExtension | undefined {
        // If that didn't work, try stripping a ".js" or ".jsx" extension and replacing it with a TypeScript one;
        // e.g. "./foo.js" can be matched by "./foo.ts" or "./foo.d.ts"
        if (hasJSFileExtension(candidate) || (fileExtensionIs(candidate, Extension.Json) && state.compilerOptions.resolveJsonModule)) {
            const extensionless = removeFileExtension(candidate);
            const extension = candidate.substring(extensionless.length);
            if (state.traceEnabled) {
                trace(state.host, Diagnostics.File_name_0_has_a_1_extension_stripping_it, candidate, extension);
            }
            return tryAddingExtensions(extensionless, extensions, extension, onlyRecordFailures, state);
        }
    }

    function loadJSOrExactTSFileName(extensions: Extensions, candidate: string, onlyRecordFailures: boolean, state: ModuleResolutionState): PathAndExtension | undefined {
        if ((extensions === Extensions.TypeScript || extensions === Extensions.DtsOnly) && fileExtensionIsOneOf(candidate, supportedTSExtensionsFlat)) {
            const result = tryFile(candidate, onlyRecordFailures, state);
            return result !== undefined ? { path: candidate, ext: tryExtractTSExtension(candidate) as Extension } : undefined;
        }

        return loadModuleFromFileNoImplicitExtensions(extensions, candidate, onlyRecordFailures, state);
    }

    /** Try to return an existing file that adds one of the `extensions` to `candidate`. */
    function tryAddingExtensions(candidate: string, extensions: Extensions, originalExtension: string, onlyRecordFailures: boolean, state: ModuleResolutionState): PathAndExtension | undefined {
        if (!onlyRecordFailures) {
            // check if containing folder exists - if it doesn't then just record failures for all supported extensions without disk probing
            const directory = getDirectoryPath(candidate);
            if (directory) {
                onlyRecordFailures = !directoryProbablyExists(directory, state.host);
            }
        }

        switch (extensions) {
            case Extensions.DtsOnly:
                switch (originalExtension) {
                    case Extension.Mjs:
                    case Extension.Mts:
                    case Extension.Dmts:
                        return tryExtension(Extension.Dmts);
                    case Extension.Cjs:
                    case Extension.Cts:
                    case Extension.Dcts:
                        return tryExtension(Extension.Dcts);
                    case Extension.Json:
                        candidate += Extension.Json;
                        return tryExtension(Extension.Dts);
                    default: return tryExtension(Extension.Dts);
                }
            case Extensions.TypeScript:
            case Extensions.TsOnly:
                const useDts = extensions === Extensions.TypeScript;
                switch (originalExtension) {
                    case Extension.Mjs:
                    case Extension.Mts:
                    case Extension.Dmts:
                        return tryExtension(Extension.Mts) || (useDts ? tryExtension(Extension.Dmts) : undefined);
                    case Extension.Cjs:
                    case Extension.Cts:
                    case Extension.Dcts:
                        return tryExtension(Extension.Cts) || (useDts ? tryExtension(Extension.Dcts) : undefined);
                    case Extension.Json:
                        candidate += Extension.Json;
                        return useDts ? tryExtension(Extension.Dts) : undefined;
                    default:
                        return tryExtension(Extension.Ts) || tryExtension(Extension.Tsx) || (useDts ? tryExtension(Extension.Dts) : undefined);
                }
            case Extensions.JavaScript:
                switch (originalExtension) {
                    case Extension.Mjs:
                    case Extension.Mts:
                    case Extension.Dmts:
                        return tryExtension(Extension.Mjs);
                    case Extension.Cjs:
                    case Extension.Cts:
                    case Extension.Dcts:
                        return tryExtension(Extension.Cjs);
                    case Extension.Json:
                        return tryExtension(Extension.Json);
                    default:
                        return tryExtension(Extension.Js) || tryExtension(Extension.Jsx);
                }
            case Extensions.TSConfig:
            case Extensions.Json:
                return tryExtension(Extension.Json);
        }

        function tryExtension(ext: Extension): PathAndExtension | undefined {
            const path = tryFile(candidate + ext, onlyRecordFailures, state);
            return path === undefined ? undefined : { path, ext };
        }
    }

    /** Return the file if it exists. */
    function tryFile(fileName: string, onlyRecordFailures: boolean, state: ModuleResolutionState): string | undefined {
        if (!state.compilerOptions.moduleSuffixes?.length) {
            return tryFileLookup(fileName, onlyRecordFailures, state);
        }

        const ext = tryGetExtensionFromPath(fileName) ?? "";
        const fileNameNoExtension = ext ? removeExtension(fileName, ext) : fileName;
        return forEach(state.compilerOptions.moduleSuffixes, suffix => tryFileLookup(fileNameNoExtension + suffix + ext, onlyRecordFailures, state));
    }

    function tryFileLookup(fileName: string, onlyRecordFailures: boolean, state: ModuleResolutionState): string | undefined {
        if (!onlyRecordFailures) {
            if (state.host.fileExists(fileName)) {
                if (state.traceEnabled) {
                    trace(state.host, Diagnostics.File_0_exist_use_it_as_a_name_resolution_result, fileName);
                }
                return fileName;
            }
            else {
                if (state.traceEnabled) {
                    trace(state.host, Diagnostics.File_0_does_not_exist, fileName);
                }
            }
        }
        state.failedLookupLocations.push(fileName);
        return undefined;
    }

    function loadNodeModuleFromDirectory(extensions: Extensions, candidate: string, onlyRecordFailures: boolean, state: ModuleResolutionState, considerPackageJson = true) {
        const packageInfo = considerPackageJson ? getPackageJsonInfo(candidate, onlyRecordFailures, state) : undefined;
        const packageJsonContent = packageInfo && packageInfo.packageJsonContent;
        const versionPaths = packageInfo && packageInfo.versionPaths;
        return withPackageId(packageInfo, loadNodeModuleFromDirectoryWorker(extensions, candidate, onlyRecordFailures, state, packageJsonContent, versionPaths));
    }

    /* @internal */
    export function getEntrypointsFromPackageJsonInfo(
        packageJsonInfo: PackageJsonInfo,
        options: CompilerOptions,
        host: ModuleResolutionHost,
        cache: ModuleResolutionCache | undefined,
        resolveJs?: boolean,
    ): string[] | false {
        if (!resolveJs && packageJsonInfo.resolvedEntrypoints !== undefined) {
            // Cached value excludes resolutions to JS files - those could be
            // cached separately, but they're used rarely.
            return packageJsonInfo.resolvedEntrypoints;
        }

        let entrypoints: string[] | undefined;
        const extensions = resolveJs ? Extensions.JavaScript : Extensions.TypeScript;
        const features = getDefaultNodeResolutionFeatures(options);
        const requireState: ModuleResolutionState = {
            compilerOptions: options,
            host,
            traceEnabled: isTraceEnabled(options, host),
            failedLookupLocations: [],
            packageJsonInfoCache: cache?.getPackageJsonInfoCache(),
            conditions: ["node", "require", "types"],
            features,
            requestContainingDirectory: packageJsonInfo.packageDirectory,
            reportDiagnostic: noop
        };
        const requireResolution = loadNodeModuleFromDirectoryWorker(
            extensions,
            packageJsonInfo.packageDirectory,
            /*onlyRecordFailures*/ false,
            requireState,
            packageJsonInfo.packageJsonContent,
            packageJsonInfo.versionPaths);
        entrypoints = append(entrypoints, requireResolution?.path);

        if (features & NodeResolutionFeatures.Exports && packageJsonInfo.packageJsonContent.exports) {
            for (const conditions of [["node", "import", "types"], ["node", "require", "types"]]) {
                const exportState = { ...requireState, failedLookupLocations: [], conditions };
                const exportResolutions = loadEntrypointsFromExportMap(
                    packageJsonInfo,
                    packageJsonInfo.packageJsonContent.exports,
                    exportState,
                    extensions);
                if (exportResolutions) {
                    for (const resolution of exportResolutions) {
                        entrypoints = appendIfUnique(entrypoints, resolution.path);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return packageJsonInfo.resolvedEntrypoints = entrypoints || false;
    }

    function loadEntrypointsFromExportMap(
        scope: PackageJsonInfo,
        exports: object,
        state: ModuleResolutionState,
        extensions: Extensions,
    ): PathAndExtension[] | undefined {
        let entrypoints: PathAndExtension[] | undefined;
        if (isArray(exports)) {
            for (const target of exports) {
                loadEntrypointsFromTargetExports(target);
            }
        }
        // eslint-disable-next-line no-null/no-null
        else if (typeof exports === "object" && exports !== null && allKeysStartWithDot(exports as MapLike<unknown>)) {
            for (const key in exports) {
                loadEntrypointsFromTargetExports((exports as MapLike<unknown>)[key]);
            }
        }
        else {
            loadEntrypointsFromTargetExports(exports);
        }
        return entrypoints;

        function loadEntrypointsFromTargetExports(target: unknown): boolean | undefined {
            if (typeof target === "string" && startsWith(target, "./") && target.indexOf("*") === -1) {
                const partsAfterFirst = getPathComponents(target).slice(2);
                if (partsAfterFirst.indexOf("..") >= 0 || partsAfterFirst.indexOf(".") >= 0 || partsAfterFirst.indexOf("node_modules") >= 0) {
                    return false;
                }
                const resolvedTarget = combinePaths(scope.packageDirectory, target);
                const finalPath = getNormalizedAbsolutePath(resolvedTarget, state.host.getCurrentDirectory?.());
                const result = loadJSOrExactTSFileName(extensions, finalPath, /*recordOnlyFailures*/ false, state);
                if (result) {
                    entrypoints = appendIfUnique(entrypoints, result, (a, b) => a.path === b.path);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            else if (Array.isArray(target)) {
                for (const t of target) {
                    const success = loadEntrypointsFromTargetExports(t);
                    if (success) {
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            }
            // eslint-disable-next-line no-null/no-null
            else if (typeof target === "object" && target !== null) {
                return forEach(getOwnKeys(target as MapLike<unknown>), key => {
                    if (key === "default" || contains(state.conditions, key) || isApplicableVersionedTypesKey(state.conditions, key)) {
                        loadEntrypointsFromTargetExports((target as MapLike<unknown>)[key]);
                        return true;
                    }
                });
            }
        }
    }

    /*@internal*/
    interface PackageJsonInfo {
        packageDirectory: string;
        packageJsonContent: PackageJsonPathFields;
        versionPaths: VersionPaths | undefined;
        /** false: resolved to nothing. undefined: not yet resolved */
        resolvedEntrypoints: string[] | false | undefined;
    }

    /**
     * A function for locating the package.json scope for a given path
     */
    /*@internal*/
     export function getPackageScopeForPath(fileName: Path, packageJsonInfoCache: PackageJsonInfoCache | undefined, host: ModuleResolutionHost, options: CompilerOptions): PackageJsonInfo | undefined {
        const state: {
            host: ModuleResolutionHost;
            compilerOptions: CompilerOptions;
            traceEnabled: boolean;
            failedLookupLocations: Push<string>;
            resultFromCache?: ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations;
            packageJsonInfoCache: PackageJsonInfoCache | undefined;
            features: number;
            conditions: never[];
            requestContainingDirectory: string | undefined;
            reportDiagnostic: DiagnosticReporter
        } = {
            host,
            compilerOptions: options,
            traceEnabled: isTraceEnabled(options, host),
            failedLookupLocations: [],
            packageJsonInfoCache,
            features: 0,
            conditions: [],
            requestContainingDirectory: undefined,
            reportDiagnostic: noop
        };
        const parts = getPathComponents(fileName);
        parts.pop();
        while (parts.length > 0) {
            const pkg = getPackageJsonInfo(getPathFromPathComponents(parts), /*onlyRecordFailures*/ false, state);
            if (pkg) {
                return pkg;
            }
            parts.pop();
        }
        return undefined;
    }

    /*@internal*/
    export function getPackageJsonInfo(packageDirectory: string, onlyRecordFailures: boolean, state: ModuleResolutionState): PackageJsonInfo | undefined {
        const { host, traceEnabled } = state;
        const packageJsonPath = combinePaths(packageDirectory, "package.json");
        if (onlyRecordFailures) {
            state.failedLookupLocations.push(packageJsonPath);
            return undefined;
        }

        const existing = state.packageJsonInfoCache?.getPackageJsonInfo(packageJsonPath);
        if (existing !== undefined) {
            if (typeof existing !== "boolean") {
                if (traceEnabled) trace(host, Diagnostics.File_0_exists_according_to_earlier_cached_lookups, packageJsonPath);
                return existing;
            }
            else {
                if (existing && traceEnabled) trace(host, Diagnostics.File_0_does_not_exist_according_to_earlier_cached_lookups, packageJsonPath);
                state.failedLookupLocations.push(packageJsonPath);
                return undefined;
            }
        }
        const directoryExists = directoryProbablyExists(packageDirectory, host);
        if (directoryExists && host.fileExists(packageJsonPath)) {
            const packageJsonContent = readJson(packageJsonPath, host) as PackageJson;
            if (traceEnabled) {
                trace(host, Diagnostics.Found_package_json_at_0, packageJsonPath);
            }
            const versionPaths = readPackageJsonTypesVersionPaths(packageJsonContent, state);
            const result = { packageDirectory, packageJsonContent, versionPaths, resolvedEntrypoints: undefined };
            state.packageJsonInfoCache?.setPackageJsonInfo(packageJsonPath, result);
            return result;
        }
        else {
            if (directoryExists && traceEnabled) {
                trace(host, Diagnostics.File_0_does_not_exist, packageJsonPath);
            }
            state.packageJsonInfoCache?.setPackageJsonInfo(packageJsonPath, directoryExists);
            // record package json as one of failed lookup locations - in the future if this file will appear it will invalidate resolution results
            state.failedLookupLocations.push(packageJsonPath);
        }
    }

    function loadNodeModuleFromDirectoryWorker(extensions: Extensions, candidate: string, onlyRecordFailures: boolean, state: ModuleResolutionState, jsonContent: PackageJsonPathFields | undefined, versionPaths: VersionPaths | undefined): PathAndExtension | undefined {
        let packageFile: string | undefined;
        if (jsonContent) {
            switch (extensions) {
                case Extensions.JavaScript:
                case Extensions.Json:
                case Extensions.TsOnly:
                    packageFile = readPackageJsonMainField(jsonContent, candidate, state);
                    break;
                case Extensions.TypeScript:
                    // When resolving typescript modules, try resolving using main field as well
                    packageFile = readPackageJsonTypesFields(jsonContent, candidate, state) || readPackageJsonMainField(jsonContent, candidate, state);
                    break;
                case Extensions.DtsOnly:
                    packageFile = readPackageJsonTypesFields(jsonContent, candidate, state);
                    break;
                case Extensions.TSConfig:
                    packageFile = readPackageJsonTSConfigField(jsonContent, candidate, state);
                    break;
                default:
                    return Debug.assertNever(extensions);
            }
        }

        const loader: ResolutionKindSpecificLoader = (extensions, candidate, onlyRecordFailures, state) => {
            const fromFile = tryFile(candidate, onlyRecordFailures, state);
            if (fromFile) {
                const resolved = resolvedIfExtensionMatches(extensions, fromFile);
                if (resolved) {
                    return noPackageId(resolved);
                }
                if (state.traceEnabled) {
                    trace(state.host, Diagnostics.File_0_has_an_unsupported_extension_so_skipping_it, fromFile);
                }
            }

            // Even if extensions is DtsOnly, we can still look up a .ts file as a result of package.json "types"
            const nextExtensions = extensions === Extensions.DtsOnly ? Extensions.TypeScript : extensions;
            // Don't do package.json lookup recursively, because Node.js' package lookup doesn't.

            // Disable `EsmMode` for the resolution of the package path for cjs-mode packages (so the `main` field can omit extensions)
            // (technically it only emits a deprecation warning in esm packages right now, but that's probably
            // enough to mean we don't need to support it)
            const features = state.features;
            if (jsonContent?.type !== "module") {
                state.features &= ~NodeResolutionFeatures.EsmMode;
            }
            const result = nodeLoadModuleByRelativeName(nextExtensions, candidate, onlyRecordFailures, state, /*considerPackageJson*/ false);
            state.features = features;
            return result;
        };

        const onlyRecordFailuresForPackageFile = packageFile ? !directoryProbablyExists(getDirectoryPath(packageFile), state.host) : undefined;
        const onlyRecordFailuresForIndex = onlyRecordFailures || !directoryProbablyExists(candidate, state.host);
        const indexPath = combinePaths(candidate, extensions === Extensions.TSConfig ? "tsconfig" : "index");

        if (versionPaths && (!packageFile || containsPath(candidate, packageFile))) {
            const moduleName = getRelativePathFromDirectory(candidate, packageFile || indexPath, /*ignoreCase*/ false);
            if (state.traceEnabled) {
                trace(state.host, Diagnostics.package_json_has_a_typesVersions_entry_0_that_matches_compiler_version_1_looking_for_a_pattern_to_match_module_name_2, versionPaths.version, version, moduleName);
            }
            const result = tryLoadModuleUsingPaths(extensions, moduleName, candidate, versionPaths.paths, /*pathPatterns*/ undefined, loader, onlyRecordFailuresForPackageFile || onlyRecordFailuresForIndex, state);
            if (result) {
                return removeIgnoredPackageId(result.value);
            }
        }

        // It won't have a `packageId` set, because we disabled `considerPackageJson`.
        const packageFileResult = packageFile && removeIgnoredPackageId(loader(extensions, packageFile, onlyRecordFailuresForPackageFile!, state));
        if (packageFileResult) return packageFileResult;

        // esm mode resolutions don't do package `index` lookups
        if (!(state.features & NodeResolutionFeatures.EsmMode)) {
            return loadModuleFromFile(extensions, indexPath, onlyRecordFailuresForIndex, state);
        }
    }

    /** Resolve from an arbitrarily specified file. Return `undefined` if it has an unsupported extension. */
    function resolvedIfExtensionMatches(extensions: Extensions, path: string): PathAndExtension | undefined {
        const ext = tryGetExtensionFromPath(path);
        return ext !== undefined && extensionIsOk(extensions, ext) ? { path, ext } : undefined;
    }

    /** True if `extension` is one of the supported `extensions`. */
    function extensionIsOk(extensions: Extensions, extension: Extension): boolean {
        switch (extensions) {
            case Extensions.JavaScript:
                return extension === Extension.Js || extension === Extension.Jsx || extension === Extension.Mjs || extension === Extension.Cjs;
            case Extensions.TSConfig:
            case Extensions.Json:
                return extension === Extension.Json;
            case Extensions.TypeScript:
                return extension === Extension.Ts || extension === Extension.Tsx || extension === Extension.Mts || extension === Extension.Cts || extension === Extension.Dts || extension === Extension.Dmts || extension === Extension.Dcts;
            case Extensions.TsOnly:
                return extension === Extension.Ts || extension === Extension.Tsx || extension === Extension.Mts || extension === Extension.Cts;
            case Extensions.DtsOnly:
                return extension === Extension.Dts || extension === Extension.Dmts || extension === Extension.Dcts;
        }
    }

    /* @internal */
    export function parsePackageName(moduleName: string): { packageName: string, rest: string } {
        let idx = moduleName.indexOf(directorySeparator);
        if (moduleName[0] === "@") {
            idx = moduleName.indexOf(directorySeparator, idx + 1);
        }
        return idx === -1 ? { packageName: moduleName, rest: "" } : { packageName: moduleName.slice(0, idx), rest: moduleName.slice(idx + 1) };
    }

    /* @internal */
    export function allKeysStartWithDot(obj: MapLike<unknown>) {
        return every(getOwnKeys(obj), k => startsWith(k, "."));
    }

    function noKeyStartsWithDot(obj: MapLike<unknown>) {
        return !some(getOwnKeys(obj), k => startsWith(k, "."));
    }

    function loadModuleFromSelfNameReference(extensions: Extensions, moduleName: string, directory: string, state: ModuleResolutionState, cache: ModuleResolutionCache | undefined, redirectedReference: ResolvedProjectReference | undefined): SearchResult<Resolved> {
        const useCaseSensitiveFileNames = typeof state.host.useCaseSensitiveFileNames === "function" ? state.host.useCaseSensitiveFileNames() : state.host.useCaseSensitiveFileNames;
        const directoryPath = toPath(combinePaths(directory, "dummy"), state.host.getCurrentDirectory?.(), createGetCanonicalFileName(useCaseSensitiveFileNames === undefined ? true : useCaseSensitiveFileNames));
        const scope = getPackageScopeForPath(directoryPath, state.packageJsonInfoCache, state.host, state.compilerOptions);
        if (!scope || !scope.packageJsonContent.exports) {
            return undefined;
        }
        if (typeof scope.packageJsonContent.name !== "string") {
            return undefined;
        }
        const parts = getPathComponents(moduleName); // unrooted paths should have `""` as their 0th entry
        const nameParts = getPathComponents(scope.packageJsonContent.name);
        if (!every(nameParts, (p, i) => parts[i] === p)) {
            return undefined;
        }
        const trailingParts = parts.slice(nameParts.length);
        return loadModuleFromExports(scope, extensions, !length(trailingParts) ? "." : `.${directorySeparator}${trailingParts.join(directorySeparator)}`, state, cache, redirectedReference);
    }

    function loadModuleFromExports(scope: PackageJsonInfo, extensions: Extensions, subpath: string, state: ModuleResolutionState, cache: ModuleResolutionCache | undefined, redirectedReference: ResolvedProjectReference | undefined): SearchResult<Resolved> {
        if (!scope.packageJsonContent.exports) {
            return undefined;
        }

        if (subpath === ".") {
            let mainExport;
            if (typeof scope.packageJsonContent.exports === "string" || Array.isArray(scope.packageJsonContent.exports) || (typeof scope.packageJsonContent.exports === "object" && noKeyStartsWithDot(scope.packageJsonContent.exports as MapLike<unknown>))) {
                mainExport = scope.packageJsonContent.exports;
            }
            else if (hasProperty(scope.packageJsonContent.exports as MapLike<unknown>, ".")) {
                mainExport = (scope.packageJsonContent.exports as MapLike<unknown>)["."];
            }
            if (mainExport) {
                const loadModuleFromTargetImportOrExport = getLoadModuleFromTargetImportOrExport(extensions, state, cache, redirectedReference, subpath, scope, /*isImports*/ false);
                return loadModuleFromTargetImportOrExport(mainExport, "", /*pattern*/ false);
            }
        }
        else if (allKeysStartWithDot(scope.packageJsonContent.exports as MapLike<unknown>)) {
            if (typeof scope.packageJsonContent.exports !== "object") {
                if (state.traceEnabled) {
                    trace(state.host, Diagnostics.Export_specifier_0_does_not_exist_in_package_json_scope_at_path_1, subpath, scope.packageDirectory);
                }
                return toSearchResult(/*value*/ undefined);
            }
            const result = loadModuleFromImportsOrExports(extensions, state, cache, redirectedReference, subpath, scope.packageJsonContent.exports, scope, /*isImports*/ false);
            if (result) {
                return result;
            }
        }

        if (state.traceEnabled) {
            trace(state.host, Diagnostics.Export_specifier_0_does_not_exist_in_package_json_scope_at_path_1, subpath, scope.packageDirectory);
        }
        return toSearchResult(/*value*/ undefined);
    }

    function loadModuleFromImports(extensions: Extensions, moduleName: string, directory: string, state: ModuleResolutionState, cache: ModuleResolutionCache | undefined, redirectedReference: ResolvedProjectReference | undefined): SearchResult<Resolved> {
        if (moduleName === "#" || startsWith(moduleName, "#/")) {
            if (state.traceEnabled) {
                trace(state.host, Diagnostics.Invalid_import_specifier_0_has_no_possible_resolutions, moduleName);
            }
            return toSearchResult(/*value*/ undefined);
        }
        const useCaseSensitiveFileNames = typeof state.host.useCaseSensitiveFileNames === "function" ? state.host.useCaseSensitiveFileNames() : state.host.useCaseSensitiveFileNames;
        const directoryPath = toPath(combinePaths(directory, "dummy"), state.host.getCurrentDirectory?.(), createGetCanonicalFileName(useCaseSensitiveFileNames === undefined ? true : useCaseSensitiveFileNames));
        const scope = getPackageScopeForPath(directoryPath, state.packageJsonInfoCache, state.host, state.compilerOptions);
        if (!scope) {
            if (state.traceEnabled) {
                trace(state.host, Diagnostics.Directory_0_has_no_containing_package_json_scope_Imports_will_not_resolve, directoryPath);
            }
            return toSearchResult(/*value*/ undefined);
        }
        if (!scope.packageJsonContent.imports) {
            if (state.traceEnabled) {
                trace(state.host, Diagnostics.package_json_scope_0_has_no_imports_defined, scope.packageDirectory);
            }
            return toSearchResult(/*value*/ undefined);
        }

        const result = loadModuleFromImportsOrExports(extensions, state, cache, redirectedReference, moduleName, scope.packageJsonContent.imports, scope, /*isImports*/ true);
        if (result) {
            return result;
        }

        if (state.traceEnabled) {
            trace(state.host, Diagnostics.Import_specifier_0_does_not_exist_in_package_json_scope_at_path_1, moduleName, scope.packageDirectory);
        }
        return toSearchResult(/*value*/ undefined);
    }

    function loadModuleFromImportsOrExports(extensions: Extensions, state: ModuleResolutionState, cache: ModuleResolutionCache | undefined, redirectedReference: ResolvedProjectReference | undefined, moduleName: string, lookupTable: object, scope: PackageJsonInfo, isImports: boolean): SearchResult<Resolved> | undefined {
        const loadModuleFromTargetImportOrExport = getLoadModuleFromTargetImportOrExport(extensions, state, cache, redirectedReference, moduleName, scope, isImports);

        if (!endsWith(moduleName, directorySeparator) && moduleName.indexOf("*") === -1 && hasProperty(lookupTable, moduleName)) {
            const target = (lookupTable as {[idx: string]: unknown})[moduleName];
            return loadModuleFromTargetImportOrExport(target, /*subpath*/ "", /*pattern*/ false);
        }
        const expandingKeys = sort(filter(getOwnKeys(lookupTable as MapLike<unknown>), k => k.indexOf("*") !== -1 || endsWith(k, "/")), (a, b) => a.length - b.length);
        for (const potentialTarget of expandingKeys) {
            if (state.features & NodeResolutionFeatures.ExportsPatternTrailers && matchesPatternWithTrailer(potentialTarget, moduleName)) {
                const target = (lookupTable as {[idx: string]: unknown})[potentialTarget];
                const starPos = potentialTarget.indexOf("*");
                const subpath = moduleName.substring(potentialTarget.substring(0, starPos).length, moduleName.length - (potentialTarget.length - 1 - starPos));
                return loadModuleFromTargetImportOrExport(target, subpath, /*pattern*/ true);
            }
            else if (endsWith(potentialTarget, "*") && startsWith(moduleName, potentialTarget.substring(0, potentialTarget.length - 1))) {
                const target = (lookupTable as {[idx: string]: unknown})[potentialTarget];
                const subpath = moduleName.substring(potentialTarget.length - 1);
                return loadModuleFromTargetImportOrExport(target, subpath, /*pattern*/ true);
            }
            else if (startsWith(moduleName, potentialTarget)) {
                const target = (lookupTable as {[idx: string]: unknown})[potentialTarget];
                const subpath = moduleName.substring(potentialTarget.length);
                return loadModuleFromTargetImportOrExport(target, subpath, /*pattern*/ false);
            }
        }

        function matchesPatternWithTrailer(target: string, name: string) {
            if (endsWith(target, "*")) return false; // handled by next case in loop
            const starPos = target.indexOf("*");
            if (starPos === -1) return false; // handled by last case in loop
            return startsWith(name, target.substring(0, starPos)) && endsWith(name, target.substring(starPos + 1));
        }
    }

    /**
     * Gets the self-recursive function specialized to retrieving the targeted import/export element for the given resolution configuration
     */
    function getLoadModuleFromTargetImportOrExport(extensions: Extensions, state: ModuleResolutionState, cache: ModuleResolutionCache | undefined, redirectedReference: ResolvedProjectReference | undefined, moduleName: string, scope: PackageJsonInfo, isImports: boolean) {
        return loadModuleFromTargetImportOrExport;
        function loadModuleFromTargetImportOrExport(target: unknown, subpath: string, pattern: boolean): SearchResult<Resolved> | undefined {
            if (typeof target === "string") {
                if (!pattern && subpath.length > 0 && !endsWith(target, "/")) {
                    if (state.traceEnabled) {
                        trace(state.host, Diagnostics.package_json_scope_0_has_invalid_type_for_target_of_specifier_1, scope.packageDirectory, moduleName);
                    }
                    return toSearchResult(/*value*/ undefined);
                }
                if (!startsWith(target, "./")) {
                    if (isImports && !startsWith(target, "../") && !startsWith(target, "/") && !isRootedDiskPath(target)) {
                        const combinedLookup = pattern ? target.replace(/\*/g, subpath) : target + subpath;
                        const result = nodeModuleNameResolverWorker(state.features, combinedLookup, scope.packageDirectory + "/", state.compilerOptions, state.host, cache, [extensions], redirectedReference);
                        return toSearchResult(result.resolvedModule ? { path: result.resolvedModule.resolvedFileName, extension: result.resolvedModule.extension, packageId: result.resolvedModule.packageId, originalPath: result.resolvedModule.originalPath } : undefined);
                    }
                    if (state.traceEnabled) {
                        trace(state.host, Diagnostics.package_json_scope_0_has_invalid_type_for_target_of_specifier_1, scope.packageDirectory, moduleName);
                    }
                    return toSearchResult(/*value*/ undefined);
                }
                const parts = pathIsRelative(target) ? getPathComponents(target).slice(1) : getPathComponents(target);
                const partsAfterFirst = parts.slice(1);
                if (partsAfterFirst.indexOf("..") >= 0 || partsAfterFirst.indexOf(".") >= 0 || partsAfterFirst.indexOf("node_modules") >= 0) {
                    if (state.traceEnabled) {
                        trace(state.host, Diagnostics.package_json_scope_0_has_invalid_type_for_target_of_specifier_1, scope.packageDirectory, moduleName);
                    }
                    return toSearchResult(/*value*/ undefined);
                }
                const resolvedTarget = combinePaths(scope.packageDirectory, target);
                // TODO: Assert that `resolvedTarget` is actually within the package directory? That's what the spec says.... but I'm not sure we need
                // to be in the business of validating everyone's import and export map correctness.
                const subpathParts = getPathComponents(subpath);
                if (subpathParts.indexOf("..") >= 0 || subpathParts.indexOf(".") >= 0 || subpathParts.indexOf("node_modules") >= 0) {
                    if (state.traceEnabled) {
                        trace(state.host, Diagnostics.package_json_scope_0_has_invalid_type_for_target_of_specifier_1, scope.packageDirectory, moduleName);
                    }
                    return toSearchResult(/*value*/ undefined);
                }
                const finalPath = toAbsolutePath(pattern ? resolvedTarget.replace(/\*/g, subpath) : resolvedTarget + subpath);
                const inputLink = tryLoadInputFileForPath(finalPath, subpath, combinePaths(scope.packageDirectory, "package.json"), isImports);
                if (inputLink) return inputLink;
                return toSearchResult(withPackageId(scope, loadJSOrExactTSFileName(extensions, finalPath, /*onlyRecordFailures*/ false, state)));
            }
            else if (typeof target === "object" && target !== null) { // eslint-disable-line no-null/no-null
                if (!Array.isArray(target)) {
                    for (const key of getOwnKeys(target as MapLike<unknown>)) {
                        if (key === "default" || state.conditions.indexOf(key) >= 0 || isApplicableVersionedTypesKey(state.conditions, key)) {
                            const subTarget = (target as MapLike<unknown>)[key];
                            const result = loadModuleFromTargetImportOrExport(subTarget, subpath, pattern);
                            if (result) {
                                return result;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    return undefined;
                }
                else {
                    if (!length(target)) {
                        if (state.traceEnabled) {
                            trace(state.host, Diagnostics.package_json_scope_0_has_invalid_type_for_target_of_specifier_1, scope.packageDirectory, moduleName);
                        }
                        return toSearchResult(/*value*/ undefined);
                    }
                    for (const elem of target) {
                        const result = loadModuleFromTargetImportOrExport(elem, subpath, pattern);
                        if (result) {
                            return result;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            else if (target === null) { // eslint-disable-line no-null/no-null
                if (state.traceEnabled) {
                    trace(state.host, Diagnostics.package_json_scope_0_explicitly_maps_specifier_1_to_null, scope.packageDirectory, moduleName);
                }
                return toSearchResult(/*value*/ undefined);
            }
            if (state.traceEnabled) {
                trace(state.host, Diagnostics.package_json_scope_0_has_invalid_type_for_target_of_specifier_1, scope.packageDirectory, moduleName);
            }
            return toSearchResult(/*value*/ undefined);

            function toAbsolutePath(path: string): string;
            function toAbsolutePath(path: string | undefined): string | undefined;
            function toAbsolutePath(path: string | undefined): string | undefined {
                if (path === undefined) return path;
                return hostGetCanonicalFileName({ useCaseSensitiveFileNames })(getNormalizedAbsolutePath(path, state.host.getCurrentDirectory?.()));
            }

            function combineDirectoryPath(root: string, dir: string) {
                return ensureTrailingDirectorySeparator(combinePaths(root, dir));
            }

            function useCaseSensitiveFileNames() {
                return !state.host.useCaseSensitiveFileNames ? true :
                    typeof state.host.useCaseSensitiveFileNames === "boolean" ? state.host.useCaseSensitiveFileNames :
                    state.host.useCaseSensitiveFileNames();
            }

            function tryLoadInputFileForPath(finalPath: string, entry: string, packagePath: string, isImports: boolean) {
                // Replace any references to outputs for files in the program with the input files to support package self-names used with outDir
                // PROBLEM: We don't know how to calculate the output paths yet, because the "common source directory" we use as the base of the file structure
                // we reproduce into the output directory is based on the set of input files, which we're still in the process of traversing and resolving!
                // _Given that_, we have to guess what the base of the output directory is (obviously the user wrote the export map, so has some idea what it is!).
                // We are going to probe _so many_ possible paths. We limit where we'll do this to try to reduce the possibilities of false positive lookups.
                if ((extensions === Extensions.TypeScript || extensions === Extensions.JavaScript || extensions === Extensions.Json)
                    && (state.compilerOptions.declarationDir || state.compilerOptions.outDir)
                    && finalPath.indexOf("/node_modules/") === -1
                    && (state.compilerOptions.configFile ? startsWith(toAbsolutePath(state.compilerOptions.configFile.fileName), scope.packageDirectory) : true)
                ) {
                    // So that all means we'll only try these guesses for files outside `node_modules` in a directory where the `package.json` and `tsconfig.json` are siblings.
                    // Even with all that, we still don't know if the root of the output file structure will be (relative to the package file)
                    // `.`, `./src` or any other deeper directory structure. (If project references are used, it's definitely `.` by fiat, so that should be pretty common.)

                    const getCanonicalFileName = hostGetCanonicalFileName({ useCaseSensitiveFileNames });
                    const commonSourceDirGuesses: string[] = [];
                    // A `rootDir` compiler option strongly indicates the root location
                    // A `composite` project is using project references and has it's common src dir set to `.`, so it shouldn't need to check any other locations
                    if (state.compilerOptions.rootDir || (state.compilerOptions.composite && state.compilerOptions.configFilePath)) {
                        const commonDir = toAbsolutePath(getCommonSourceDirectory(state.compilerOptions, () => [], state.host.getCurrentDirectory?.() || "", getCanonicalFileName));
                        commonSourceDirGuesses.push(commonDir);
                    }
                    else if (state.requestContainingDirectory) {
                        // However without either of those set we're in the dark. Let's say you have
                        //
                        // ./tools/index.ts
                        // ./src/index.ts
                        // ./dist/index.js
                        // ./package.json <-- references ./dist/index.js
                        // ./tsconfig.json <-- loads ./src/index.ts
                        //
                        // How do we know `./src` is the common src dir, and not `./tools`, given only the `./dist` out dir and `./dist/index.js` filename?
                        // Answer: We... don't. We know we're looking for an `index.ts` input file, but we have _no clue_ which subfolder it's supposed to be loaded from
                        // without more context.
                        // But we do have more context! Just a tiny bit more! We're resolving an import _for some other input file_! And that input file, too
                        // must be inside the common source directory! So we propagate that tidbit of info all the way to here via state.requestContainingDirectory

                        const requestingFile = toAbsolutePath(combinePaths(state.requestContainingDirectory, "index.ts"));
                        // And we can try every folder above the common folder for the request folder and the config/package base directory
                        // This technically can be wrong - we may load ./src/index.ts when ./src/sub/index.ts was right because we don't
                        // know if only `./src/sub` files were loaded by the program; but this has the best chance to be right of just about anything
                        // else we have. And, given that we're about to load `./src/index.ts` because we choose it as likely correct, there will then
                        // be a file outside of `./src/sub` in the program (the file we resolved to), making us de-facto right. So this fallback lookup
                        // logic may influence what files are pulled in by self-names, which in turn influences the output path shape, but it's all
                        // internally consistent so the paths should be stable so long as we prefer the "most general" (meaning: top-most-level directory) possible results first.
                        const commonDir = toAbsolutePath(getCommonSourceDirectory(state.compilerOptions, () => [requestingFile, toAbsolutePath(packagePath)], state.host.getCurrentDirectory?.() || "", getCanonicalFileName));
                        commonSourceDirGuesses.push(commonDir);

                        let fragment = ensureTrailingDirectorySeparator(commonDir);
                        while (fragment && fragment.length > 1) {
                            const parts = getPathComponents(fragment);
                            parts.pop(); // remove a directory
                            const commonDir = getPathFromPathComponents(parts);
                            commonSourceDirGuesses.unshift(commonDir);
                            fragment = ensureTrailingDirectorySeparator(commonDir);
                        }
                    }
                    if (commonSourceDirGuesses.length > 1) {
                        state.reportDiagnostic(createCompilerDiagnostic(
                            isImports
                                ? Diagnostics.The_project_root_is_ambiguous_but_is_required_to_resolve_import_map_entry_0_in_file_1_Supply_the_rootDir_compiler_option_to_disambiguate
                                : Diagnostics.The_project_root_is_ambiguous_but_is_required_to_resolve_export_map_entry_0_in_file_1_Supply_the_rootDir_compiler_option_to_disambiguate,
                            entry === "" ? "." : entry, // replace empty string with `.` - the reverse of the operation done when entries are built - so main entrypoint errors don't look weird
                            packagePath
                        ));
                    }
                    for (const commonSourceDirGuess of commonSourceDirGuesses) {
                        const candidateDirectories = getOutputDirectoriesForBaseDirectory(commonSourceDirGuess);
                        for (const candidateDir of candidateDirectories) {
                            if (startsWith(finalPath, candidateDir)) {
                                // The matched export is looking up something in either the out declaration or js dir, now map the written path back into the source dir and source extension
                                const pathFragment = finalPath.slice(candidateDir.length + 1); // +1 to also remove directory seperator
                                const possibleInputBase = combinePaths(commonSourceDirGuess, pathFragment);
                                const jsAndDtsExtensions = [Extension.Mjs, Extension.Cjs, Extension.Js, Extension.Json, Extension.Dmts, Extension.Dcts, Extension.Dts];
                                for (const ext of jsAndDtsExtensions) {
                                    if (fileExtensionIs(possibleInputBase, ext)) {
                                        const inputExts = getPossibleOriginalInputExtensionForExtension(possibleInputBase);
                                        for (const possibleExt of inputExts) {
                                            const possibleInputWithInputExtension = changeAnyExtension(possibleInputBase, possibleExt, ext, !useCaseSensitiveFileNames());
                                            if ((extensions === Extensions.TypeScript && hasJSFileExtension(possibleInputWithInputExtension)) ||
                                                (extensions === Extensions.JavaScript && hasTSFileExtension(possibleInputWithInputExtension))) {
                                                continue;
                                            }
                                            if (state.host.fileExists(possibleInputWithInputExtension)) {
                                                return toSearchResult(withPackageId(scope, loadJSOrExactTSFileName(extensions, possibleInputWithInputExtension, /*onlyRecordFailures*/ false, state)));
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                return undefined;

                function getOutputDirectoriesForBaseDirectory(commonSourceDirGuess: string) {
                    // Config file ouput paths are processed to be relative to the host's current directory, while
                    // otherwise the paths are resolved relative to the common source dir the compiler puts together
                    const currentDir = state.compilerOptions.configFile ? state.host.getCurrentDirectory?.() || "" : commonSourceDirGuess;
                    const candidateDirectories = [];
                    if (state.compilerOptions.declarationDir) {
                        candidateDirectories.push(toAbsolutePath(combineDirectoryPath(currentDir, state.compilerOptions.declarationDir)));
                    }
                    if (state.compilerOptions.outDir && state.compilerOptions.outDir !== state.compilerOptions.declarationDir) {
                        candidateDirectories.push(toAbsolutePath(combineDirectoryPath(currentDir, state.compilerOptions.outDir)));
                    }
                    return candidateDirectories;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /* @internal */
    export function isApplicableVersionedTypesKey(conditions: string[], key: string) {
        if (conditions.indexOf("types") === -1) return false; // only apply versioned types conditions if the types condition is applied
        if (!startsWith(key, "types@")) return false;
        const range = VersionRange.tryParse(key.substring("types@".length));
        if (!range) return false;
        return range.test(version);
    }

    function loadModuleFromNearestNodeModulesDirectory(extensions: Extensions, moduleName: string, directory: string, state: ModuleResolutionState, cache: ModuleResolutionCache | undefined, redirectedReference: ResolvedProjectReference | undefined): SearchResult<Resolved> {
        return loadModuleFromNearestNodeModulesDirectoryWorker(extensions, moduleName, directory, state, /*typesScopeOnly*/ false, cache, redirectedReference);
    }

    function loadModuleFromNearestNodeModulesDirectoryTypesScope(moduleName: string, directory: string, state: ModuleResolutionState): SearchResult<Resolved> {
        // Extensions parameter here doesn't actually matter, because typesOnly ensures we're just doing @types lookup, which is always DtsOnly.
        return loadModuleFromNearestNodeModulesDirectoryWorker(Extensions.DtsOnly, moduleName, directory, state, /*typesScopeOnly*/ true, /*cache*/ undefined, /*redirectedReference*/ undefined);
    }

    function loadModuleFromNearestNodeModulesDirectoryWorker(extensions: Extensions, moduleName: string, directory: string, state: ModuleResolutionState, typesScopeOnly: boolean, cache: ModuleResolutionCache | undefined, redirectedReference: ResolvedProjectReference | undefined): SearchResult<Resolved> {
        const perModuleNameCache = cache && cache.getOrCreateCacheForModuleName(moduleName, state.features === 0 ? undefined : state.features & NodeResolutionFeatures.EsmMode ? ModuleKind.ESNext : ModuleKind.CommonJS, redirectedReference);
        return forEachAncestorDirectory(normalizeSlashes(directory), ancestorDirectory => {
            if (getBaseFileName(ancestorDirectory) !== "node_modules") {
                const resolutionFromCache = tryFindNonRelativeModuleNameInCache(perModuleNameCache, moduleName, ancestorDirectory, state);
                if (resolutionFromCache) {
                    return resolutionFromCache;
                }
                return toSearchResult(loadModuleFromImmediateNodeModulesDirectory(extensions, moduleName, ancestorDirectory, state, typesScopeOnly, cache, redirectedReference));
            }
        });
    }

    function loadModuleFromImmediateNodeModulesDirectory(extensions: Extensions, moduleName: string, directory: string, state: ModuleResolutionState, typesScopeOnly: boolean, cache: ModuleResolutionCache | undefined, redirectedReference: ResolvedProjectReference | undefined): Resolved | undefined {
        const nodeModulesFolder = combinePaths(directory, "node_modules");
        const nodeModulesFolderExists = directoryProbablyExists(nodeModulesFolder, state.host);
        if (!nodeModulesFolderExists && state.traceEnabled) {
            trace(state.host, Diagnostics.Directory_0_does_not_exist_skipping_all_lookups_in_it, nodeModulesFolder);
        }

        const packageResult = typesScopeOnly ? undefined : loadModuleFromSpecificNodeModulesDirectory(extensions, moduleName, nodeModulesFolder, nodeModulesFolderExists, state, cache, redirectedReference);
        if (packageResult) {
            return packageResult;
        }
        if (extensions === Extensions.TypeScript || extensions === Extensions.DtsOnly) {
            const nodeModulesAtTypes = combinePaths(nodeModulesFolder, "@types");
            let nodeModulesAtTypesExists = nodeModulesFolderExists;
            if (nodeModulesFolderExists && !directoryProbablyExists(nodeModulesAtTypes, state.host)) {
                if (state.traceEnabled) {
                    trace(state.host, Diagnostics.Directory_0_does_not_exist_skipping_all_lookups_in_it, nodeModulesAtTypes);
                }
                nodeModulesAtTypesExists = false;
            }
            return loadModuleFromSpecificNodeModulesDirectory(Extensions.DtsOnly, mangleScopedPackageNameWithTrace(moduleName, state), nodeModulesAtTypes, nodeModulesAtTypesExists, state, cache, redirectedReference);
        }
    }

    function loadModuleFromSpecificNodeModulesDirectory(extensions: Extensions, moduleName: string, nodeModulesDirectory: string, nodeModulesDirectoryExists: boolean, state: ModuleResolutionState, cache: ModuleResolutionCache | undefined, redirectedReference: ResolvedProjectReference | undefined): Resolved | undefined {
        const candidate = normalizePath(combinePaths(nodeModulesDirectory, moduleName));

        // First look for a nested package.json, as in `node_modules/foo/bar/package.json`.
        let packageInfo = getPackageJsonInfo(candidate, !nodeModulesDirectoryExists, state);
        // But only if we're not respecting export maps (if we are, we might redirect around this location)
        if (!(state.features & NodeResolutionFeatures.Exports)) {
            if (packageInfo) {
                const fromFile = loadModuleFromFile(extensions, candidate, !nodeModulesDirectoryExists, state);
                if (fromFile) {
                    return noPackageId(fromFile);
                }

                const fromDirectory = loadNodeModuleFromDirectoryWorker(
                    extensions,
                    candidate,
                    !nodeModulesDirectoryExists,
                    state,
                    packageInfo.packageJsonContent,
                    packageInfo.versionPaths
                );
                return withPackageId(packageInfo, fromDirectory);
            }
        }

        const { packageName, rest } = parsePackageName(moduleName);
        const loader: ResolutionKindSpecificLoader = (extensions, candidate, onlyRecordFailures, state) => {
            // package exports are higher priority than file/directory lookups (and, if there's exports present, blocks them)
            if (packageInfo && packageInfo.packageJsonContent.exports && state.features & NodeResolutionFeatures.Exports) {
                return loadModuleFromExports(packageInfo, extensions, combinePaths(".", rest), state, cache, redirectedReference)?.value;
            }
            let pathAndExtension =
                loadModuleFromFile(extensions, candidate, onlyRecordFailures, state) ||
                loadNodeModuleFromDirectoryWorker(
                    extensions,
                    candidate,
                    onlyRecordFailures,
                    state,
                    packageInfo && packageInfo.packageJsonContent,
                    packageInfo && packageInfo.versionPaths
                );
            if (
                !pathAndExtension && packageInfo
                // eslint-disable-next-line no-null/no-null
                && (packageInfo.packageJsonContent.exports === undefined || packageInfo.packageJsonContent.exports === null)
                && state.features & NodeResolutionFeatures.EsmMode
            ) {
                // EsmMode disables index lookup in `loadNodeModuleFromDirectoryWorker` generally, however non-relative package resolutions still assume
                // a default `index.js` entrypoint if no `main` or `exports` are present
                pathAndExtension = loadModuleFromFile(extensions, combinePaths(candidate, "index.js"), onlyRecordFailures, state);
            }
            return withPackageId(packageInfo, pathAndExtension);
        };

        if (rest !== "") { // If "rest" is empty, we just did this search above.
            const packageDirectory = combinePaths(nodeModulesDirectory, packageName);

            // Don't use a "types" or "main" from here because we're not loading the root, but a subdirectory -- just here for the packageId and path mappings.
            packageInfo = getPackageJsonInfo(packageDirectory, !nodeModulesDirectoryExists, state);
            if (packageInfo && packageInfo.versionPaths) {
                if (state.traceEnabled) {
                    trace(state.host, Diagnostics.package_json_has_a_typesVersions_entry_0_that_matches_compiler_version_1_looking_for_a_pattern_to_match_module_name_2, packageInfo.versionPaths.version, version, rest);
                }
                const packageDirectoryExists = nodeModulesDirectoryExists && directoryProbablyExists(packageDirectory, state.host);
                const fromPaths = tryLoadModuleUsingPaths(extensions, rest, packageDirectory, packageInfo.versionPaths.paths, /*pathPatterns*/ undefined, loader, !packageDirectoryExists, state);
                if (fromPaths) {
                    return fromPaths.value;
                }
            }
        }

        return loader(extensions, candidate, !nodeModulesDirectoryExists, state);
    }

    function tryLoadModuleUsingPaths(extensions: Extensions, moduleName: string, baseDirectory: string, paths: MapLike<string[]>, pathPatterns: readonly (string | Pattern)[] | undefined, loader: ResolutionKindSpecificLoader, onlyRecordFailures: boolean, state: ModuleResolutionState): SearchResult<Resolved> {
        pathPatterns ||= tryParsePatterns(paths);
        const matchedPattern = matchPatternOrExact(pathPatterns, moduleName);
        if (matchedPattern) {
            const matchedStar = isString(matchedPattern) ? undefined : matchedText(matchedPattern, moduleName);
            const matchedPatternText = isString(matchedPattern) ? matchedPattern : patternText(matchedPattern);
            if (state.traceEnabled) {
                trace(state.host, Diagnostics.Module_name_0_matched_pattern_1, moduleName, matchedPatternText);
            }
            const resolved = forEach(paths[matchedPatternText], subst => {
                const path = matchedStar ? subst.replace("*", matchedStar) : subst;
                // When baseUrl is not specified, the command line parser resolves relative paths to the config file location.
                const candidate = normalizePath(combinePaths(baseDirectory, path));
                if (state.traceEnabled) {
                    trace(state.host, Diagnostics.Trying_substitution_0_candidate_module_location_Colon_1, subst, path);
                }
                // A path mapping may have an extension, in contrast to an import, which should omit it.
                const extension = tryGetExtensionFromPath(subst);
                if (extension !== undefined) {
                    const path = tryFile(candidate, onlyRecordFailures, state);
                    if (path !== undefined) {
                        return noPackageId({ path, ext: extension });
                    }
                }
                return loader(extensions, candidate, onlyRecordFailures || !directoryProbablyExists(getDirectoryPath(candidate), state.host), state);
            });
            return { value: resolved };
        }
    }

    /** Double underscores are used in DefinitelyTyped to delimit scoped packages. */
    const mangledScopedPackageSeparator = "__";

    /** For a scoped package, we must look in `@types/foo__bar` instead of `@types/@foo/bar`. */
    function mangleScopedPackageNameWithTrace(packageName: string, state: ModuleResolutionState): string {
        const mangled = mangleScopedPackageName(packageName);
        if (state.traceEnabled && mangled !== packageName) {
            trace(state.host, Diagnostics.Scoped_package_detected_looking_in_0, mangled);
        }
        return mangled;
    }

    /* @internal */
    export function getTypesPackageName(packageName: string): string {
        return `@types/${mangleScopedPackageName(packageName)}`;
    }

    /* @internal */
    export function mangleScopedPackageName(packageName: string): string {
        if (startsWith(packageName, "@")) {
            const replaceSlash = packageName.replace(directorySeparator, mangledScopedPackageSeparator);
            if (replaceSlash !== packageName) {
                return replaceSlash.slice(1); // Take off the "@"
            }
        }
        return packageName;
    }

    /* @internal */
    export function getPackageNameFromTypesPackageName(mangledName: string): string {
        const withoutAtTypePrefix = removePrefix(mangledName, "@types/");
        if (withoutAtTypePrefix !== mangledName) {
            return unmangleScopedPackageName(withoutAtTypePrefix);
        }
        return mangledName;
    }

    /* @internal */
    export function unmangleScopedPackageName(typesPackageName: string): string {
        return stringContains(typesPackageName, mangledScopedPackageSeparator) ?
            "@" + typesPackageName.replace(mangledScopedPackageSeparator, directorySeparator) :
            typesPackageName;
    }

    function tryFindNonRelativeModuleNameInCache(cache: PerModuleNameCache | undefined, moduleName: string, containingDirectory: string, state: ModuleResolutionState): SearchResult<Resolved> {
        const result = cache && cache.get(containingDirectory);
        if (result) {
            if (state.traceEnabled) {
                trace(state.host, Diagnostics.Resolution_for_module_0_was_found_in_cache_from_location_1, moduleName, containingDirectory);
            }
            state.resultFromCache = result;
            return { value: result.resolvedModule && { path: result.resolvedModule.resolvedFileName, originalPath: result.resolvedModule.originalPath || true, extension: result.resolvedModule.extension, packageId: result.resolvedModule.packageId } };
        }
    }

    export function classicNameResolver(moduleName: string, containingFile: string, compilerOptions: CompilerOptions, host: ModuleResolutionHost, cache?: NonRelativeModuleNameResolutionCache, redirectedReference?: ResolvedProjectReference): ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations {
        const traceEnabled = isTraceEnabled(compilerOptions, host);
        const failedLookupLocations: string[] = [];
        const containingDirectory = getDirectoryPath(containingFile);
        const diagnostics: Diagnostic[] = [];
        const state: ModuleResolutionState = { compilerOptions, host, traceEnabled, failedLookupLocations, packageJsonInfoCache: cache, features: NodeResolutionFeatures.None, conditions: [], requestContainingDirectory: containingDirectory, reportDiagnostic: diag => void diagnostics.push(diag) };

        const resolved = tryResolve(Extensions.TypeScript) || tryResolve(Extensions.JavaScript);
        // No originalPath because classic resolution doesn't resolve realPath
        return createResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations(resolved && resolved.value, /*isExternalLibraryImport*/ false, failedLookupLocations, diagnostics, state.resultFromCache);

        function tryResolve(extensions: Extensions): SearchResult<Resolved> {
            const resolvedUsingSettings = tryLoadModuleUsingOptionalResolutionSettings(extensions, moduleName, containingDirectory, loadModuleFromFileNoPackageId, state);
            if (resolvedUsingSettings) {
                return { value: resolvedUsingSettings };
            }

            if (!isExternalModuleNameRelative(moduleName)) {
                const perModuleNameCache = cache && cache.getOrCreateCacheForModuleName(moduleName, /*mode*/ undefined, redirectedReference);
                // Climb up parent directories looking for a module.
                const resolved = forEachAncestorDirectory(containingDirectory, directory => {
                    const resolutionFromCache = tryFindNonRelativeModuleNameInCache(perModuleNameCache, moduleName, directory, state);
                    if (resolutionFromCache) {
                        return resolutionFromCache;
                    }
                    const searchName = normalizePath(combinePaths(directory, moduleName));
                    return toSearchResult(loadModuleFromFileNoPackageId(extensions, searchName, /*onlyRecordFailures*/ false, state));
                });
                if (resolved) {
                    return resolved;
                }
                if (extensions === Extensions.TypeScript) {
                    // If we didn't find the file normally, look it up in @types.
                    return loadModuleFromNearestNodeModulesDirectoryTypesScope(moduleName, containingDirectory, state);
                }
            }
            else {
                const candidate = normalizePath(combinePaths(containingDirectory, moduleName));
                return toSearchResult(loadModuleFromFileNoPackageId(extensions, candidate, /*onlyRecordFailures*/ false, state));
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * A host may load a module from a global cache of typings.
     * This is the minumum code needed to expose that functionality; the rest is in the host.
     */
    /* @internal */
    export function loadModuleFromGlobalCache(moduleName: string, projectName: string | undefined, compilerOptions: CompilerOptions, host: ModuleResolutionHost, globalCache: string, packageJsonInfoCache: PackageJsonInfoCache): ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations {
        const traceEnabled = isTraceEnabled(compilerOptions, host);
        if (traceEnabled) {
            trace(host, Diagnostics.Auto_discovery_for_typings_is_enabled_in_project_0_Running_extra_resolution_pass_for_module_1_using_cache_location_2, projectName, moduleName, globalCache);
        }
        const failedLookupLocations: string[] = [];
        const diagnostics: Diagnostic[] = [];
        const state: ModuleResolutionState = { compilerOptions, host, traceEnabled, failedLookupLocations, packageJsonInfoCache, features: NodeResolutionFeatures.None, conditions: [], requestContainingDirectory: undefined, reportDiagnostic: diag => void diagnostics.push(diag) };
        const resolved = loadModuleFromImmediateNodeModulesDirectory(Extensions.DtsOnly, moduleName, globalCache, state, /*typesScopeOnly*/ false, /*cache*/ undefined, /*redirectedReference*/ undefined);
        return createResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations(resolved, /*isExternalLibraryImport*/ true, failedLookupLocations, diagnostics, state.resultFromCache);
    }

    /**
     * Represents result of search. Normally when searching among several alternatives we treat value `undefined` as indicator
     * that search fails and we should try another option.
     * However this does not allow us to represent final result that should be used instead of further searching (i.e. a final result that was found in cache).
     * SearchResult is used to deal with this issue, its values represents following outcomes:
     * - undefined - not found, continue searching
     * - { value: undefined } - not found - stop searching
     * - { value: <some-value> } - found - stop searching
     */
    type SearchResult<T> = { value: T | undefined } | undefined;

    /**
     * Wraps value to SearchResult.
     * @returns undefined if value is undefined or { value } otherwise
     */
    function toSearchResult<T>(value: T | undefined): SearchResult<T> {
        return value !== undefined ? { value } : undefined;
    }
}