Truffle Migrate Error: "<ContractName>" hit an invalid opcode while deploying

[kaquya]

I'm trying to deploy a contract named InfinityCanvas on a local Ganache blockchain using Truffle. However, I'm encountering an "invalid opcode" error during the deployment process.

Issue:

When running truffle migrate --reset, I encounter the following error:

*** Deployment Failed ***

"InfinityCanvas" hit an invalid opcode while deploying. Try:
   * Verifying that your constructor params satisfy all assert conditions.
   * Verifying your constructor code doesn't access an array out of bounds.
   * Adding reason strings to your assert statements.

Code Details:

1. InfinityCanvas.sol:

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT 
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Enumerable.sol";

contract InfinityCanvas is ERC721Enumerable {
    // tokenId counter
    uint256 private _currentTokenId = 0;

    struct Canvas {
        string description;
        // Add other metadata attributes if needed
    }

    mapping(uint256 => Canvas) public canvases;

    constructor() ERC721("InfinityCanvas", "ICNV") {}

    function _getNextTokenId() private returns (uint256) {
        _currentTokenId += 1;
        return _currentTokenId;
    }

    function mintCanvas(address owner, string memory description) public returns (uint256) {
        uint256 newCanvasId = _getNextTokenId();
        _mint(owner, newCanvasId);
        canvases[newCanvasId] = Canvas(description);
        return newCanvasId;
    }
    
    function setDescription(uint256 tokenId, string memory description) public {
        require(ownerOf(tokenId) == msg.sender, "Only the owner can set the description");
        canvases[tokenId].description = description;
    }
}

2. 2_deploy_infinity_canvas.js:

const InfinityCanvas = artifacts.require("InfinityCanvas");

module.exports = function (deployer) {
    deployer.deploy(InfinityCanvas, { gas: 5000000 });
};

3. truffle-config.js:

module.exports = {
  networks: {
    development: {
      host: "127.0.0.1",
      port: 7545,
      network_id: "*",
      gas: 5500000,
      gasPrice: 20000000000,
    },
  },

  mocha: {
    // timeout: 100000
  },

  compilers: {
    solc: {
      version: "0.8.21",
    }
  },

  db: {
    enabled: false
  }
};

Environment:

• Truffle version: v5.11.5
• Node version: v18.18.1
• Using Ganache CLI with the default settings

Any help or insights into why this is happening and how to resolve it would be greatly appreciated!

Fixes Tried:

1. Checking Constructor: Verified that the InfinityCanvas contract does not have any parameters in its constructor that might not be provided during migration.
2. Gas Limit: Adjusted the gas limit in the migration script and truffle-config.js to ensure that the contract is not running out of gas during deployment.
3. Checking Dependencies: Made sure all dependencies and imported contracts (like those from OpenZeppelin) are of compatible versions.
4. Manual Compilation: Tried manually compiling the contract using solc to see if there were any issues not caught by Truffle.
5. Migration Script: Ensured that the migration script 2_deploy_infinity_canvas.js doesn't have any inconsistencies or errors.
6. Restarting Ganache: Sometimes resetting Ganache can resolve nonce or other blockchain-related inconsistencies.
7. Updating Truffle: Ensured Truffle is up-to-date. Sometimes using the latest version of Truffle resolves certain deployment issues.
8. Checking the Solidity Version: Verified that the specified Solidity version in truffle-config.js matches the version in the contract file.
9. Other Contracts: Checked if there are any other contracts in the contracts directory that might be causing conflicts during migration.
10. Following Question on StackOverflow: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76377136/migrations-hit-an-invalid-opcode-while-deploying

Unfortunately, none of the above steps resolved the issue. Its also possible though, that I did do something wrong when trying the above named fixes.

[GuaiPotato]

i also get this prob for now😅... i found a post saying that it may be a problem with solidity, solc and node versions, and I found that your node version is relatively high, you can try using nvm to switch to a lower node version... i am also tring this method, hope it works🥲

[Oskardev100]

I'm actually getting the same error with multiple very simple smart contracts that cannot be deployed. I've troubleshooted on Remix, it seems to me that using Shanghai EVM version, deployment to remix network works fine, but using previous versions like Merge, London, etc., I get the exact same error on Remix, that I have when I try to deploy to my local Ganache.