bounded.rs

use crate::sync::batch_semaphore::{self as semaphore, TryAcquireError};
use crate::sync::mpsc::chan;
#[cfg(unix)]
#[cfg(any(feature = "signal", feature = "process"))]
use crate::sync::mpsc::error::TryRecvError;
use crate::sync::mpsc::error::{SendError, TrySendError};

cfg_time! {
    use crate::sync::mpsc::error::SendTimeoutError;
    use crate::time::Duration;
}

use std::fmt;
use std::task::{Context, Poll};

/// Send values to the associated `Receiver`.
///
/// Instances are created by the [`channel`](channel) function.
pub struct Sender<T> {
    chan: chan::Tx<T, Semaphore>,
}

/// Permit to send one value into the channel.
///
/// `Permit` values are returned by [`Sender::reserve()`] and are used to
/// guarantee channel capacity before generating a message to send.
///
/// [`Sender::reserve()`]: Sender::reserve
pub struct Permit<'a, T> {
    chan: &'a chan::Tx<T, Semaphore>,
}

/// Receive values from the associated `Sender`.
///
/// Instances are created by the [`channel`](channel) function.
pub struct Receiver<T> {
    /// The channel receiver
    chan: chan::Rx<T, Semaphore>,
}

/// Creates a bounded mpsc channel for communicating between asynchronous tasks
/// with backpressure.
///
/// The channel will buffer up to the provided number of messages.  Once the
/// buffer is full, attempts to `send` new messages will wait until a message is
/// received from the channel. The provided buffer capacity must be at least 1.
///
/// All data sent on `Sender` will become available on `Receiver` in the same
/// order as it was sent.
///
/// The `Sender` can be cloned to `send` to the same channel from multiple code
/// locations. Only one `Receiver` is supported.
///
/// If the `Receiver` is disconnected while trying to `send`, the `send` method
/// will return a `SendError`. Similarly, if `Sender` is disconnected while
/// trying to `recv`, the `recv` method will return a `RecvError`.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if the buffer capacity is 0.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use tokio::sync::mpsc;
///
/// #[tokio::main]
/// async fn main() {
///     let (tx, mut rx) = mpsc::channel(100);
///
///     tokio::spawn(async move {
///         for i in 0..10 {
///             if let Err(_) = tx.send(i).await {
///                 println!("receiver dropped");
///                 return;
///             }
///         }
///     });
///
///     while let Some(i) = rx.recv().await {
///         println!("got = {}", i);
///     }
/// }
/// ```
pub fn channel<T>(buffer: usize) -> (Sender<T>, Receiver<T>) {
    assert!(buffer > 0, "mpsc bounded channel requires buffer > 0");
    let semaphore = (semaphore::Semaphore::new(buffer), buffer);
    let (tx, rx) = chan::channel(semaphore);

    let tx = Sender::new(tx);
    let rx = Receiver::new(rx);

    (tx, rx)
}

/// Channel semaphore is a tuple of the semaphore implementation and a `usize`
/// representing the channel bound.
type Semaphore = (semaphore::Semaphore, usize);

impl<T> Receiver<T> {
    pub(crate) fn new(chan: chan::Rx<T, Semaphore>) -> Receiver<T> {
        Receiver { chan }
    }

    /// Receives the next value for this receiver.
    ///
    /// `None` is returned when all `Sender` halves have dropped, indicating
    /// that no further values can be sent on the channel.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use tokio::sync::mpsc;
    ///
    /// #[tokio::main]
    /// async fn main() {
    ///     let (tx, mut rx) = mpsc::channel(100);
    ///
    ///     tokio::spawn(async move {
    ///         tx.send("hello").await.unwrap();
    ///     });
    ///
    ///     assert_eq!(Some("hello"), rx.recv().await);
    ///     assert_eq!(None, rx.recv().await);
    /// }
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Values are buffered:
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use tokio::sync::mpsc;
    ///
    /// #[tokio::main]
    /// async fn main() {
    ///     let (tx, mut rx) = mpsc::channel(100);
    ///
    ///     tx.send("hello").await.unwrap();
    ///     tx.send("world").await.unwrap();
    ///
    ///     assert_eq!(Some("hello"), rx.recv().await);
    ///     assert_eq!(Some("world"), rx.recv().await);
    /// }
    /// ```
    pub async fn recv(&mut self) -> Option<T> {
        use crate::future::poll_fn;
        poll_fn(|cx| self.chan.recv(cx)).await
    }

    /// Blocking receive to call outside of asynchronous contexts.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// This function panics if called within an asynchronous execution
    /// context.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::thread;
    /// use tokio::runtime::Runtime;
    /// use tokio::sync::mpsc;
    ///
    /// fn main() {
    ///     let (tx, mut rx) = mpsc::channel::<u8>(10);
    ///
    ///     let sync_code = thread::spawn(move || {
    ///         assert_eq!(Some(10), rx.blocking_recv());
    ///     });
    ///
    ///     Runtime::new()
    ///         .unwrap()
    ///         .block_on(async move {
    ///             let _ = tx.send(10).await;
    ///         });
    ///     sync_code.join().unwrap()
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[cfg(feature = "sync")]
    pub fn blocking_recv(&mut self) -> Option<T> {
        crate::future::block_on(self.recv())
    }

    /// Attempts to return a pending value on this receiver without blocking.
    ///
    /// This method will never block the caller in order to wait for data to
    /// become available. Instead, this will always return immediately with
    /// a possible option of pending data on the channel.
    ///
    /// This is useful for a flavor of "optimistic check" before deciding to
    /// block on a receiver.
    ///
    /// Compared with recv, this function has two failure cases instead of
    /// one (one for disconnection, one for an empty buffer).
    #[cfg(unix)]
    #[cfg(any(feature = "signal", feature = "process"))]
    pub(crate) fn try_recv(&mut self) -> Result<T, TryRecvError> {
        self.chan.try_recv()
    }

    /// Closes the receiving half of a channel, without dropping it.
    ///
    /// This prevents any further messages from being sent on the channel while
    /// still enabling the receiver to drain messages that are buffered. Any
    /// outstanding [`Permit`] values will still be able to send messages.
    ///
    /// In order to guarantee no messages are dropped, after calling `close()`,
    /// `recv()` must be called until `None` is returned.
    ///
    /// [`Permit`]: Permit
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use tokio::sync::mpsc;
    ///
    /// #[tokio::main]
    /// async fn main() {
    ///     let (tx, mut rx) = mpsc::channel(20);
    ///
    ///     tokio::spawn(async move {
    ///         let mut i = 0;
    ///         while let Ok(permit) = tx.reserve().await {
    ///             permit.send(i);
    ///             i += 1;
    ///         }
    ///     });
    ///
    ///     rx.close();
    ///
    ///     while let Some(msg) = rx.recv().await {
    ///         println!("got {}", msg);
    ///     }
    ///
    ///     // Channel closed and no messages are lost.
    /// }
    /// ```
    pub fn close(&mut self) {
        self.chan.close();
    }

    /// Polls to receive the next message on this channel.
    ///
    /// This method returns:
    ///
    ///  * `Poll::Pending` if no messages are available but the channel is not
    ///    closed.
    ///  * `Poll::Ready(Some(message))` if a message is available.
    ///  * `Poll::Ready(None)` if the channel has been closed and all messages
    ///    sent before it was closed have been received.
    ///
    /// When the method returns `Poll::Pending`, the `Waker` in the provided
    /// `Context` is scheduled to receive a wakeup when a message is sent on any
    /// receiver, or when the channel is closed.  Note that on multiple calls to
    /// `poll_recv`, only the `Waker` from the `Context` passed to the most
    /// recent call is scheduled to receive a wakeup.
    pub fn poll_recv(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Option<T>> {
        self.chan.recv(cx)
    }
}

impl<T> fmt::Debug for Receiver<T> {
    fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        fmt.debug_struct("Receiver")
            .field("chan", &self.chan)
            .finish()
    }
}

impl<T> Unpin for Receiver<T> {}

impl<T> Sender<T> {
    pub(crate) fn new(chan: chan::Tx<T, Semaphore>) -> Sender<T> {
        Sender { chan }
    }

    /// Sends a value, waiting until there is capacity.
    ///
    /// A successful send occurs when it is determined that the other end of the
    /// channel has not hung up already. An unsuccessful send would be one where
    /// the corresponding receiver has already been closed. Note that a return
    /// value of `Err` means that the data will never be received, but a return
    /// value of `Ok` does not mean that the data will be received. It is
    /// possible for the corresponding receiver to hang up immediately after
    /// this function returns `Ok`.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// If the receive half of the channel is closed, either due to [`close`]
    /// being called or the [`Receiver`] handle dropping, the function returns
    /// an error. The error includes the value passed to `send`.
    ///
    /// [`close`]: Receiver::close
    /// [`Receiver`]: Receiver
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// In the following example, each call to `send` will block until the
    /// previously sent value was received.
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use tokio::sync::mpsc;
    ///
    /// #[tokio::main]
    /// async fn main() {
    ///     let (tx, mut rx) = mpsc::channel(1);
    ///
    ///     tokio::spawn(async move {
    ///         for i in 0..10 {
    ///             if let Err(_) = tx.send(i).await {
    ///                 println!("receiver dropped");
    ///                 return;
    ///             }
    ///         }
    ///     });
    ///
    ///     while let Some(i) = rx.recv().await {
    ///         println!("got = {}", i);
    ///     }
    /// }
    /// ```
    pub async fn send(&self, value: T) -> Result<(), SendError<T>> {
        match self.reserve().await {
            Ok(permit) => {
                permit.send(value);
                Ok(())
            }
            Err(_) => Err(SendError(value)),
        }
    }

    /// Completes when the receiver has dropped.
    ///
    /// This allows the producers to get notified when interest in the produced
    /// values is canceled and immediately stop doing work.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use tokio::sync::mpsc;
    ///
    /// #[tokio::main]
    /// async fn main() {
    ///     let (tx1, rx) = mpsc::channel::<()>(1);
    ///     let tx2 = tx1.clone();
    ///     let tx3 = tx1.clone();
    ///     let tx4 = tx1.clone();
    ///     let tx5 = tx1.clone();
    ///     tokio::spawn(async move {
    ///         drop(rx);
    ///     });
    ///
    ///     futures::join!(
    ///         tx1.closed(),
    ///         tx2.closed(),
    ///         tx3.closed(),
    ///         tx4.closed(),
    ///         tx5.closed()
    ///     );
    ////     println!("Receiver dropped");
    /// }
    /// ```
    pub async fn closed(&self) {
        self.chan.closed().await
    }

    /// Attempts to immediately send a message on this `Sender`
    ///
    /// This method differs from [`send`] by returning immediately if the channel's
    /// buffer is full or no receiver is waiting to acquire some data. Compared
    /// with [`send`], this function has two failure cases instead of one (one for
    /// disconnection, one for a full buffer).
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// If the channel capacity has been reached, i.e., the channel has `n`
    /// buffered values where `n` is the argument passed to [`channel`], then an
    /// error is returned.
    ///
    /// If the receive half of the channel is closed, either due to [`close`]
    /// being called or the [`Receiver`] handle dropping, the function returns
    /// an error. The error includes the value passed to `send`.
    ///
    /// [`send`]: Sender::send
    /// [`channel`]: channel
    /// [`close`]: Receiver::close
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use tokio::sync::mpsc;
    ///
    /// #[tokio::main]
    /// async fn main() {
    ///     // Create a channel with buffer size 1
    ///     let (tx1, mut rx) = mpsc::channel(1);
    ///     let tx2 = tx1.clone();
    ///
    ///     tokio::spawn(async move {
    ///         tx1.send(1).await.unwrap();
    ///         tx1.send(2).await.unwrap();
    ///         // task waits until the receiver receives a value.
    ///     });
    ///
    ///     tokio::spawn(async move {
    ///         // This will return an error and send
    ///         // no message if the buffer is full
    ///         let _ = tx2.try_send(3);
    ///     });
    ///
    ///     let mut msg;
    ///     msg = rx.recv().await.unwrap();
    ///     println!("message {} received", msg);
    ///
    ///     msg = rx.recv().await.unwrap();
    ///     println!("message {} received", msg);
    ///
    ///     // Third message may have never been sent
    ///     match rx.recv().await {
    ///         Some(msg) => println!("message {} received", msg),
    ///         None => println!("the third message was never sent"),
    ///     }
    /// }
    /// ```
    pub fn try_send(&self, message: T) -> Result<(), TrySendError<T>> {
        match self.chan.semaphore().0.try_acquire(1) {
            Ok(_) => {}
            Err(TryAcquireError::Closed) => return Err(TrySendError::Closed(message)),
            Err(TryAcquireError::NoPermits) => return Err(TrySendError::Full(message)),
        }

        // Send the message
        self.chan.send(message);
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Sends a value, waiting until there is capacity, but only for a limited time.
    ///
    /// Shares the same success and error conditions as [`send`], adding one more
    /// condition for an unsuccessful send, which is when the provided timeout has
    /// elapsed, and there is no capacity available.
    ///
    /// [`send`]: Sender::send
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// If the receive half of the channel is closed, either due to [`close`]
    /// being called or the [`Receiver`] having been dropped,
    /// the function returns an error. The error includes the value passed to `send`.
    ///
    /// [`close`]: Receiver::close
    /// [`Receiver`]: Receiver
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// In the following example, each call to `send_timeout` will block until the
    /// previously sent value was received, unless the timeout has elapsed.
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use tokio::sync::mpsc;
    /// use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};
    ///
    /// #[tokio::main]
    /// async fn main() {
    ///     let (tx, mut rx) = mpsc::channel(1);
    ///
    ///     tokio::spawn(async move {
    ///         for i in 0..10 {
    ///             if let Err(e) = tx.send_timeout(i, Duration::from_millis(100)).await {
    ///                 println!("send error: #{:?}", e);
    ///                 return;
    ///             }
    ///         }
    ///     });
    ///
    ///     while let Some(i) = rx.recv().await {
    ///         println!("got = {}", i);
    ///         sleep(Duration::from_millis(200)).await;
    ///     }
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[cfg(feature = "time")]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "time")))]
    pub async fn send_timeout(
        &self,
        value: T,
        timeout: Duration,
    ) -> Result<(), SendTimeoutError<T>> {
        let permit = match crate::time::timeout(timeout, self.reserve()).await {
            Err(_) => {
                return Err(SendTimeoutError::Timeout(value));
            }
            Ok(Err(_)) => {
                return Err(SendTimeoutError::Closed(value));
            }
            Ok(Ok(permit)) => permit,
        };

        permit.send(value);
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Blocking send to call outside of asynchronous contexts.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// This function panics if called within an asynchronous execution
    /// context.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::thread;
    /// use tokio::runtime::Runtime;
    /// use tokio::sync::mpsc;
    ///
    /// fn main() {
    ///     let (tx, mut rx) = mpsc::channel::<u8>(1);
    ///
    ///     let sync_code = thread::spawn(move || {
    ///         tx.blocking_send(10).unwrap();
    ///     });
    ///
    ///     Runtime::new().unwrap().block_on(async move {
    ///         assert_eq!(Some(10), rx.recv().await);
    ///     });
    ///     sync_code.join().unwrap()
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[cfg(feature = "sync")]
    pub fn blocking_send(&self, value: T) -> Result<(), SendError<T>> {
        crate::future::block_on(self.send(value))
    }

    /// Checks if the channel has been closed. This happens when the
    /// [`Receiver`] is dropped, or when the [`Receiver::close`] method is
    /// called.
    ///
    /// [`Receiver`]: crate::sync::mpsc::Receiver
    /// [`Receiver::close`]: crate::sync::mpsc::Receiver::close
    ///
    /// ```
    /// let (tx, rx) = tokio::sync::mpsc::channel::<()>(42);
    /// assert!(!tx.is_closed());
    ///
    /// let tx2 = tx.clone();
    /// assert!(!tx2.is_closed());
    ///
    /// drop(rx);
    /// assert!(tx.is_closed());
    /// assert!(tx2.is_closed());
    /// ```
    pub fn is_closed(&self) -> bool {
        self.chan.is_closed()
    }

    /// Wait for channel capacity. Once capacity to send one message is
    /// available, it is reserved for the caller.
    ///
    /// If the channel is full, the function waits for the number of unreceived
    /// messages to become less than the channel capacity. Capacity to send one
    /// message is reserved for the caller. A [`Permit`] is returned to track
    /// the reserved capacity. The [`send`] function on [`Permit`] consumes the
    /// reserved capacity.
    ///
    /// Dropping [`Permit`] without sending a message releases the capacity back
    /// to the channel.
    ///
    /// [`Permit`]: Permit
    /// [`send`]: Permit::send
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use tokio::sync::mpsc;
    ///
    /// #[tokio::main]
    /// async fn main() {
    ///     let (tx, mut rx) = mpsc::channel(1);
    ///
    ///     // Reserve capacity
    ///     let permit = tx.reserve().await.unwrap();
    ///
    ///     // Trying to send directly on the `tx` will fail due to no
    ///     // available capacity.
    ///     assert!(tx.try_send(123).is_err());
    ///
    ///     // Sending on the permit succeeds
    ///     permit.send(456);
    ///
    ///     // The value sent on the permit is received
    ///     assert_eq!(rx.recv().await.unwrap(), 456);
    /// }
    /// ```
    pub async fn reserve(&self) -> Result<Permit<'_, T>, SendError<()>> {
        match self.chan.semaphore().0.acquire(1).await {
            Ok(_) => {}
            Err(_) => return Err(SendError(())),
        }

        Ok(Permit { chan: &self.chan })
    }
}

impl<T> Clone for Sender<T> {
    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
        Sender {
            chan: self.chan.clone(),
        }
    }
}

impl<T> fmt::Debug for Sender<T> {
    fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        fmt.debug_struct("Sender")
            .field("chan", &self.chan)
            .finish()
    }
}

// ===== impl Permit =====

impl<T> Permit<'_, T> {
    /// Sends a value using the reserved capacity.
    ///
    /// Capacity for the message has already been reserved. The message is sent
    /// to the receiver and the permit is consumed. The operation will succeed
    /// even if the receiver half has been closed. See [`Receiver::close`] for
    /// more details on performing a clean shutdown.
    ///
    /// [`Receiver::close`]: Receiver::close
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use tokio::sync::mpsc;
    ///
    /// #[tokio::main]
    /// async fn main() {
    ///     let (tx, mut rx) = mpsc::channel(1);
    ///
    ///     // Reserve capacity
    ///     let permit = tx.reserve().await.unwrap();
    ///
    ///     // Trying to send directly on the `tx` will fail due to no
    ///     // available capacity.
    ///     assert!(tx.try_send(123).is_err());
    ///
    ///     // Send a message on the permit
    ///     permit.send(456);
    ///
    ///     // The value sent on the permit is received
    ///     assert_eq!(rx.recv().await.unwrap(), 456);
    /// }
    /// ```
    pub fn send(self, value: T) {
        use std::mem;

        self.chan.send(value);

        // Avoid the drop logic
        mem::forget(self);
    }
}

impl<T> Drop for Permit<'_, T> {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        use chan::Semaphore;

        let semaphore = self.chan.semaphore();

        // Add the permit back to the semaphore
        semaphore.add_permit();

        if semaphore.is_closed() && semaphore.is_idle() {
            self.chan.wake_rx();
        }
    }
}

impl<T> fmt::Debug for Permit<'_, T> {
    fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        fmt.debug_struct("Permit")
            .field("chan", &self.chan)
            .finish()
    }
}