diff --git a/axum/CHANGELOG.md b/axum/CHANGELOG.md
index b2d63f84d2..bbfd34b5a3 100644
--- a/axum/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/axum/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 - **breaking:** Allow `Error: Into<Infallible>` for `Route::{layer, route_layer}` ([#924])
 - **breaking:** Remove `extractor_middleware` which was previously deprecated.
   Use `axum::middleware::from_extractor` instead ([#1077])
+- **breaking:** `MethodRouter` now panics on overlapping routes ([#1102])
 
 [#1077]: https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/1077
 [#1078]: https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/1078
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 [#1095]: https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/1095
 [#1098]: https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/1098
 [#924]: https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/924
+[#1102]: https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/1102
 
 # 0.5.7 (08. June, 2022)
 
diff --git a/axum/src/routing/method_routing.rs b/axum/src/routing/method_routing.rs
index 264dedaacf..4edb8bdb66 100644
--- a/axum/src/routing/method_routing.rs
+++ b/axum/src/routing/method_routing.rs
@@ -912,6 +912,32 @@ impl<ReqBody, E> MethodRouter<ReqBody, E> {
         S: Service<Request<ReqBody>, Response = Response, Error = E> + Clone + Send + 'static,
         S::Future: Send + 'static,
     {
+        macro_rules! set_service {
+            (
+                $filter:ident,
+                $svc:ident,
+                $allow_header:ident,
+                [
+                    $(
+                        ($out:ident, $variant:ident, [$($method:literal),+])
+                    ),+
+                    $(,)?
+                ]
+            ) => {
+                $(
+                    if $filter.contains(MethodFilter::$variant) {
+                        if $out.is_some() {
+                            panic!("Overlapping method route. Cannot add two method routes that both handle `{}`", stringify!($variant))
+                        }
+                        $out = $svc.clone();
+                        $(
+                            append_allow_header(&mut $allow_header, $method);
+                        )+
+                    }
+                )+
+            }
+        }
+
         // written with a pattern match like this to ensure we update all fields
         let Self {
             mut get,
@@ -927,39 +953,21 @@ impl<ReqBody, E> MethodRouter<ReqBody, E> {
             _request_body: _,
         } = self;
         let svc = Some(Route::new(svc));
-        if filter.contains(MethodFilter::GET) {
-            get = svc.clone();
-            append_allow_header(&mut allow_header, "GET");
-            append_allow_header(&mut allow_header, "HEAD");
-        }
-        if filter.contains(MethodFilter::HEAD) {
-            append_allow_header(&mut allow_header, "HEAD");
-            head = svc.clone();
-        }
-        if filter.contains(MethodFilter::DELETE) {
-            append_allow_header(&mut allow_header, "DELETE");
-            delete = svc.clone();
-        }
-        if filter.contains(MethodFilter::OPTIONS) {
-            append_allow_header(&mut allow_header, "OPTIONS");
-            options = svc.clone();
-        }
-        if filter.contains(MethodFilter::PATCH) {
-            append_allow_header(&mut allow_header, "PATCH");
-            patch = svc.clone();
-        }
-        if filter.contains(MethodFilter::POST) {
-            append_allow_header(&mut allow_header, "POST");
-            post = svc.clone();
-        }
-        if filter.contains(MethodFilter::PUT) {
-            append_allow_header(&mut allow_header, "PUT");
-            put = svc.clone();
-        }
-        if filter.contains(MethodFilter::TRACE) {
-            append_allow_header(&mut allow_header, "TRACE");
-            trace = svc;
-        }
+        set_service!(
+            filter,
+            svc,
+            allow_header,
+            [
+                (get, GET, ["GET", "HEAD"]),
+                (head, HEAD, ["HEAD"]),
+                (delete, DELETE, ["DELETE"]),
+                (options, OPTIONS, ["OPTIONS"]),
+                (patch, PATCH, ["PATCH"]),
+                (post, POST, ["POST"]),
+                (put, PUT, ["PUT"]),
+                (trace, TRACE, ["TRACE"]),
+            ]
+        );
         Self {
             get,
             head,
@@ -1294,6 +1302,32 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(headers[ALLOW], "GET,POST");
     }
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    #[should_panic(
+        expected = "Overlapping method route. Cannot add two method routes that both handle `GET`"
+    )]
+    async fn handler_overlaps() {
+        let _: MethodRouter = get(ok).get(ok);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    #[should_panic(
+        expected = "Overlapping method route. Cannot add two method routes that both handle `POST`"
+    )]
+    async fn service_overlaps() {
+        let _: MethodRouter = post_service(ok.into_service()).post_service(ok.into_service());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn get_head_does_not_overlap() {
+        let _: MethodRouter = get(ok).head(ok);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn head_get_does_not_overlap() {
+        let _: MethodRouter = head(ok).get(ok);
+    }
+
     async fn call<S>(method: Method, svc: &mut S) -> (StatusCode, HeaderMap, String)
     where
         S: Service<Request<Body>, Response = Response, Error = Infallible>,