diff --git a/CHANGES b/CHANGES
index a1b2479a3c..2dc01faf8e 100644
--- a/CHANGES
+++ b/CHANGES
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ Bugs fixed
 ----------
 
 * #10133: autodoc: Crashed when mocked module is used for type annotation
+* #9529: LaTeX: named auto numbered footnote (ex. ``[#named]``) that is referred
+  multiple times was rendered to a question mark
 * #10122: sphinx-build: make.bat does not check the installation of sphinx-build
   command before showing help
 
diff --git a/sphinx/builders/latex/transforms.py b/sphinx/builders/latex/transforms.py
index b12882df68..dfe11689e2 100644
--- a/sphinx/builders/latex/transforms.py
+++ b/sphinx/builders/latex/transforms.py
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ class LaTeXFootnoteTransform(SphinxPostTransform):
           blah blah blah ...
 
     * Replace second and subsequent footnote references which refers same footnote definition
-      by footnotemark node.
+      by footnotemark node.  Additionally, the footnote definition node is marked as "referred".
 
       Before::
 
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ class LaTeXFootnoteTransform(SphinxPostTransform):
       After::
 
           blah blah blah
-          <footnote ids="id1">
+          <footnote ids="id1" referred=True>
               <label>
                   1
               <paragraph>
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ def run(self, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
 
 class LaTeXFootnoteVisitor(nodes.NodeVisitor):
     def __init__(self, document: nodes.document, footnotes: List[nodes.footnote]) -> None:
-        self.appeared: Set[Tuple[str, str]] = set()
+        self.appeared: Dict[Tuple[str, str], nodes.footnote] = {}
         self.footnotes: List[nodes.footnote] = footnotes
         self.pendings: List[nodes.footnote] = []
         self.table_footnotes: List[nodes.footnote] = []
@@ -439,22 +439,24 @@ def depart_footnote(self, node: nodes.footnote) -> None:
     def visit_footnote_reference(self, node: nodes.footnote_reference) -> None:
         number = node.astext().strip()
         docname = node['docname']
-        if self.restricted:
-            mark = footnotemark('', number, refid=node['refid'])
-            node.replace_self(mark)
-            if (docname, number) not in self.appeared:
-                footnote = self.get_footnote_by_reference(node)
-                self.pendings.append(footnote)
-        elif (docname, number) in self.appeared:
+        if (docname, number) in self.appeared:
+            footnote = self.appeared.get((docname, number))
+            footnote["referred"] = True
+
             mark = footnotemark('', number, refid=node['refid'])
             node.replace_self(mark)
         else:
             footnote = self.get_footnote_by_reference(node)
-            self.footnotes.remove(footnote)
-            node.replace_self(footnote)
-            footnote.walkabout(self)
+            if self.restricted:
+                mark = footnotemark('', number, refid=node['refid'])
+                node.replace_self(mark)
+                self.pendings.append(footnote)
+            else:
+                self.footnotes.remove(footnote)
+                node.replace_self(footnote)
+                footnote.walkabout(self)
 
-        self.appeared.add((docname, number))
+            self.appeared[(docname, number)] = footnote
         raise nodes.SkipNode
 
     def get_footnote_by_reference(self, node: nodes.footnote_reference) -> nodes.footnote:
diff --git a/sphinx/writers/latex.py b/sphinx/writers/latex.py
index 0e95317d23..a2905e807c 100644
--- a/sphinx/writers/latex.py
+++ b/sphinx/writers/latex.py
@@ -856,14 +856,14 @@ def depart_rubric(self, node: Element) -> None:
     def visit_footnote(self, node: Element) -> None:
         self.in_footnote += 1
         label = cast(nodes.label, node[0])
-        if 'auto' not in node:
+        if 'referred' in node:
             self.body.append(r'\sphinxstepexplicit ')
         if self.in_parsed_literal:
             self.body.append(r'\begin{footnote}[%s]' % label.astext())
         else:
             self.body.append('%' + CR)
             self.body.append(r'\begin{footnote}[%s]' % label.astext())
-        if 'auto' not in node:
+        if 'referred' in node:
             self.body.append(r'\phantomsection'
                              r'\label{\thesphinxscope.%s}%%' % label.astext() + CR)
         self.body.append(r'\sphinxAtStartFootnote' + CR)
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-footnotes/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-footnotes/index.rst
index 05b55f29a5..9ac1a9c7af 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-footnotes/index.rst
+++ b/tests/roots/test-footnotes/index.rst
@@ -177,3 +177,12 @@ The section with an object description
 
 .. py:function:: dummy(N)
    :noindex:
+
+Footnotes referred twice
+========================
+
+* Explicitly numbered footnote: [100]_ [100]_
+* Named footnote: [#twice]_ [#twice]_
+
+.. [100] Numbered footnote
+.. [#twice] Named footnote
diff --git a/tests/test_build_latex.py b/tests/test_build_latex.py
index 223792b048..d156d15894 100644
--- a/tests/test_build_latex.py
+++ b/tests/test_build_latex.py
@@ -723,9 +723,8 @@ def test_footnote(app, status, warning):
     print(result)
     print(status.getvalue())
     print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert ('\\sphinxstepexplicit %\n\\begin{footnote}[1]\\phantomsection'
-            '\\label{\\thesphinxscope.1}%\n\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\nnumbered\n%\n'
-            '\\end{footnote}') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n%\n\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'numbered\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
     assert ('\\begin{footnote}[2]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\nauto numbered\n%\n'
             '\\end{footnote}') in result
     assert '\\begin{footnote}[3]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\nnamed\n%\n\\end{footnote}' in result
@@ -769,13 +768,13 @@ def test_reference_in_caption_and_codeblock_in_footnote(app, status, warning):
             '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'Footnote in section\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}') in result
     assert ('\\caption{This is the figure caption with a footnote to '
-            '\\sphinxfootnotemark[8].}\\label{\\detokenize{index:id30}}\\end{figure}\n'
+            '\\sphinxfootnotemark[8].}\\label{\\detokenize{index:id35}}\\end{figure}\n'
             '%\n\\begin{footnotetext}[8]'
             '\\phantomsection\\label{\\thesphinxscope.8}%\n'
             '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'Footnote in caption\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}') in result
     assert ('\\sphinxcaption{footnote \\sphinxfootnotemark[9] in '
-            'caption of normal table}\\label{\\detokenize{index:id31}}') in result
+            'caption of normal table}\\label{\\detokenize{index:id36}}') in result
     assert ('\\caption{footnote \\sphinxfootnotemark[10] '
             'in caption \\sphinxfootnotemark[11] of longtable\\strut}') in result
     assert ('\\endlastfoot\n%\n\\begin{footnotetext}[10]'
@@ -796,6 +795,26 @@ def test_reference_in_caption_and_codeblock_in_footnote(app, status, warning):
     assert '\\begin{sphinxVerbatim}[commandchars=\\\\\\{\\}]' in result
 
 
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='footnotes')
+def test_footnote_referred_multiple_times(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text()
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+
+    assert ('Explicitly numbered footnote: \\sphinxstepexplicit %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[100]\\phantomsection\\label{\\thesphinxscope.100}%\n'
+            '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\nNumbered footnote\n%\n'
+            '\\end{footnote} \\sphinxfootnotemark[100]\n'
+            in result)
+    assert ('Named footnote: \\sphinxstepexplicit %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[13]\\phantomsection\\label{\\thesphinxscope.13}%\n'
+            '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\nNamed footnote\n%\n'
+            '\\end{footnote} \\sphinxfootnotemark[13]\n'
+            in result)
+
+
 @pytest.mark.sphinx(
     'latex', testroot='footnotes',
     confoverrides={'latex_show_urls': 'inline'})
@@ -805,25 +824,23 @@ def test_latex_show_urls_is_inline(app, status, warning):
     print(result)
     print(status.getvalue())
     print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert ('Same footnote number \\sphinxstepexplicit %\n'
-            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\phantomsection\\label{\\thesphinxscope.1}%\n'
-            '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+    assert ('Same footnote number %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'footnote in bar\n%\n\\end{footnote} in bar.rst') in result
     assert ('Auto footnote number %\n\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'footnote in baz\n%\n\\end{footnote} in baz.rst') in result
-    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id33}}'
+    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id38}}'
             '{\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:the-section'
             '-with-a-reference-to-authoryear}]'
             '{\\sphinxcrossref{The section with a reference to '
             '\\sphinxcite{index:authoryear}}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id34}}'
+    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id39}}'
             '{\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:the-section-with-a-reference-to}]'
             '{\\sphinxcrossref{The section with a reference to }}}' in result)
     assert ('First footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[2]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'First\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
-    assert ('Second footnote: \\sphinxstepexplicit %\n'
-            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\phantomsection\\label{\\thesphinxscope.1}%\n'
-            '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+    assert ('Second footnote: %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'Second\n%\n\\end{footnote}\n') in result
     assert '\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{Sphinx} (http://sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}doc.org/)' in result
     assert ('Third footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[3]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
@@ -863,24 +880,22 @@ def test_latex_show_urls_is_footnote(app, status, warning):
     print(result)
     print(status.getvalue())
     print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert ('Same footnote number \\sphinxstepexplicit %\n'
-            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\phantomsection\\label{\\thesphinxscope.1}%\n'
-            '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+    assert ('Same footnote number %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'footnote in bar\n%\n\\end{footnote} in bar.rst') in result
     assert ('Auto footnote number %\n\\begin{footnote}[2]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'footnote in baz\n%\n\\end{footnote} in baz.rst') in result
-    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id33}}'
+    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id38}}'
             '{\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:the-section-with-a-reference-to-authoryear}]'
             '{\\sphinxcrossref{The section with a reference '
             'to \\sphinxcite{index:authoryear}}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id34}}'
+    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id39}}'
             '{\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:the-section-with-a-reference-to}]'
             '{\\sphinxcrossref{The section with a reference to }}}') in result
     assert ('First footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[3]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'First\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
-    assert ('Second footnote: \\sphinxstepexplicit %\n'
-            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\phantomsection\\label{\\thesphinxscope.1}%\n'
-            '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+    assert ('Second footnote: %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'Second\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
     assert ('\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{Sphinx}'
             '%\n\\begin{footnote}[4]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
@@ -932,24 +947,22 @@ def test_latex_show_urls_is_no(app, status, warning):
     print(result)
     print(status.getvalue())
     print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert ('Same footnote number \\sphinxstepexplicit %\n'
-            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\phantomsection\\label{\\thesphinxscope.1}%\n'
-            '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+    assert ('Same footnote number %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'footnote in bar\n%\n\\end{footnote} in bar.rst') in result
     assert ('Auto footnote number %\n\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'footnote in baz\n%\n\\end{footnote} in baz.rst') in result
-    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id33}}'
+    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id38}}'
             '{\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:the-section-with-a-reference-to-authoryear}]'
             '{\\sphinxcrossref{The section with a reference '
             'to \\sphinxcite{index:authoryear}}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id34}}'
+    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id39}}'
             '{\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:the-section-with-a-reference-to}]'
             '{\\sphinxcrossref{The section with a reference to }}}' in result)
     assert ('First footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[2]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'First\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
-    assert ('Second footnote: \\sphinxstepexplicit %\n'
-            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\phantomsection\\label{\\thesphinxscope.1}%\n'
-            '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+    assert ('Second footnote: %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'Second\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
     assert '\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{Sphinx}' in result
     assert ('Third footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[3]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'