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Configuring RFC2136 provider

This tutorial describes how to use the RFC2136 with either BIND or Windows DNS.

Using with BIND

To use external-dns with BIND: generate/procure a key, configure DNS and add a deployment of external-dns.

Server credentials:

  • RFC2136 was developed for and tested with BIND DNS server. This documentation assumes that you already have a configured and working server. If you don't, please check BIND documents or tutorials.
  • If your DNS is provided for you, ask for a TSIG key authorized to update and transfer the zone you wish to update. The key will look something like below. Skip the next steps wrt BIND setup.
key "externaldns-key" {
	algorithm hmac-sha256;
	secret "96Ah/a2g0/nLeFGK+d/0tzQcccf9hCEIy34PoXX2Qg8=";
};
  • If you are your own DNS administrator create a TSIG key. Use tsig-keygen -a hmac-sha256 externaldns or on older distributions dnssec-keygen -a HMAC-SHA256 -b 256 -n HOST externaldns. You will end up with a key printed to standard out like above (or in the case of dnssec-keygen in a file called Kexternaldns......key).

BIND Configuration:

If you do not administer your own DNS, skip to RFC provider configuration

  • Edit your named.conf file (or appropriate included file) and add/change the following.
    • Make sure You are listening on the right interfaces. At least whatever interface external-dns will be communicating over and the interface that faces the internet.
    • Add the key that you generated/was given to you above. Copy paste the four lines that you got (not the same as the example key) into your file.
    • Create a zone for kubernetes. If you already have a zone, skip to the next step. (I put the zone in it's own subdirectory because named, which shouldn't be running as root, needs to create a journal file and the default zone directory isn't writeable by named).
    zone "k8s.example.org" {
    type master;
    file "/etc/bind/pri/k8s/k8s.zone";
};
    • Add your key to both transfer and update. For instance with our previous zone.
    zone "k8s.example.org" {
    type master;
    file "/etc/bind/pri/k8s/k8s.zone";
    allow-transfer {
        key "externaldns-key";
    };
    update-policy {
        grant externaldns-key zonesub ANY;
    };
};
    • Create a zone file (k8s.zone):
    $TTL 60 ; 1 minute
k8s.example.org         IN SOA  k8s.example.org. root.k8s.example.org. (
                                16         ; serial
                                60         ; refresh (1 minute)
                                60         ; retry (1 minute)
                                60         ; expire (1 minute)
                                60         ; minimum (1 minute)
                                )
                        NS      ns.k8s.example.org.
ns                      A       123.456.789.012
    • Reload (or restart) named

Using external-dns

To use external-dns add an ingress or a LoadBalancer service with a host that is part of the domain-filter. For example both of the following would produce A records.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx
  annotations:
    external-dns.alpha.kubernetes.io/hostname: svc.example.org
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 80
  selector:
    app: nginx
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
    name: my-ingress
spec:
    rules:
    - host: ingress.example.org
      http:
          paths:
          - path: /
            backend:
                serviceName: my-service
                servicePort: 8000

There are other annotation that can affect the generation of DNS records like external-dns.alpha.kubernetes.io/ttl. These are beyond the scope of this tutorial and are covered elsewhere in the docs.

Test with external-dns installed on local machine (optional)

You may install external-dns and test on a local machine by running: external-dns --txt-owner-id k8s --provider rfc2136 --rfc2136-host=192.168.0.1 --rfc2136-port=53 --rfc2136-zone=k8s.example.org --rfc2136-tsig-secret=96Ah/a2g0/nLeFGK+d/0tzQcccf9hCEIy34PoXX2Qg8= --rfc2136-tsig-secret-alg=hmac-sha256 --rfc2136-tsig-keyname=externaldns-key --rfc2136-tsig-axfr --source ingress --once --domain-filter=k8s.example.org --dry-run

  • host should be the IP of your master DNS server.
  • tsig-secret should be changed to match your secret.
  • tsig-keyname needs to match the keyname you used (if you changed it).
  • domain-filter can be used as shown to filter the domains you wish to update.

RFC2136 provider configuration:

In order to use external-dns with your cluster you need to add a deployment with access to your ingress and service resources. The following are two example manifests with and without RBAC respectively.

  • With RBAC:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: external-dns
  labels:
    name: external-dns
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: external-dns
  namespace: external-dns
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - services
  - endpoints
  - pods
  verbs:
  - get
  - watch
  - list
- apiGroups:
  - extensions
  resources:
  - ingresses
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: external-dns
  namespace: external-dns
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: external-dns-viewer
  namespace: external-dns
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: external-dns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: external-dns
  namespace: external-dns
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: external-dns
  namespace: external-dns
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: external-dns
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: external-dns
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: external-dns
      containers:
      - name: external-dns
        image: eu.gcr.io/k8s-artifacts-prod/external-dns/external-dns:v0.6.0
        args:
        - --txt-owner-id=k8s
        - --provider=rfc2136
        - --rfc2136-host=192.168.0.1
        - --rfc2136-port=53
        - --rfc2136-zone=k8s.example.org
        - --rfc2136-tsig-secret=96Ah/a2g0/nLeFGK+d/0tzQcccf9hCEIy34PoXX2Qg8=
        - --rfc2136-tsig-secret-alg=hmac-sha256
        - --rfc2136-tsig-keyname=externaldns-key
        - --rfc2136-tsig-axfr
        - --source=ingress
        - --domain-filter=k8s.example.org
  • Without RBAC:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: external-dns
  labels:
    name: external-dns
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: external-dns
  namespace: external-dns
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: external-dns
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: external-dns
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: external-dns
        image: eu.gcr.io/k8s-artifacts-prod/external-dns/external-dns:v0.6.0
        args:
        - --txt-owner-id=k8s
        - --provider=rfc2136
        - --rfc2136-host=192.168.0.1
        - --rfc2136-port=53
        - --rfc2136-zone=k8s.example.org
        - --rfc2136-tsig-secret=96Ah/a2g0/nLeFGK+d/0tzQcccf9hCEIy34PoXX2Qg8=
        - --rfc2136-tsig-secret-alg=hmac-sha256
        - --rfc2136-tsig-keyname=externaldns-key
        - --rfc2136-tsig-axfr
        - --source=ingress
        - --domain-filter=k8s.example.org

Microsoft DNS

While external-dns was not developed or tested against Microsoft DNS, it can be configured to work against it. YMMV.

DNS-side configuration

  1. Create a DNS zone
  2. Enable insecure dynamic updates for the zone
  3. Enable Zone Transfers from all servers

external-dns configuration

You'll want to configure external-dns similarly to the following:

...
        - --provider=rfc2136
        - --rfc2136-host=123.123.123.123
        - --rfc2136-port=53
        - --rfc2136-zone=your-domain.com
        - --rfc2136-tsig-secret=not-needed
        - --rfc2136-tsig-secret-alg=hmac-sha256
        - --rfc2136-tsig-keyname=externaldns-key
        - --rfc2136-tsig-axfr # needed to enable zone transfers, which is required for deletion of records.
...

Since Microsoft DNS does not support secure updates via TSIG, this will let external-dns make insecure updates. Do this at your own risk.