hangman.py

# Hangman game to demonstrate topics:
#	1. multi-line strings
#	2. methods
#	3. lists
#	4. list methods append() and reverse() 
#	5. string methods lower(), upper(), split(), 
#		startswith(), endswith() 
#	6. operators 'in' and 'not in' 
#	7. functions range() and list()
#	8. del statements
#	9. for loops
#	10. elif statements
import random
HANGMANPICS = ['''

  +---+
  |   |
      |
      |
      |
      |
=========''', '''

  +---+
  |   |
  O   |
      |
      |
      |
=========''', '''

  +---+
  |   |
  O   |
  |   |
      |
      |
=========''', '''

  +---+
  |   |
  O   |
 /|   |
      |
      |
=========''', '''

  +---+
  |   |
  O   |
 /|\  |
      |
      |
=========''', '''

  +---+
  |   |
  O   |
 /|\  |
 /    |
      |
=========''', '''

  +---+
  |   |
  O   |
 /|\  |
 / \  |
      |
=========''']
words = 'ant baboon badger bat bear beaver camel cat clam cobra cougar coyote crow deer dog monkey duck eagle ferret fox frog goat goose hawk lion lizard llama mole monkey moose mouse mule newt otter owl panda parrot pigeon python rabbit ram rat raven rhino salmon seal shark sheep skunk sloth snake spider stork swan tiger toad trout turkey turtle weasel whale wolf wombat zebra'.split()

def getRandomWord(wordList):
	# Returns a random string from the passed list of strings.
	wordIndex = random.randint(0,len(wordList)-1)
	return wordList[wordIndex]
	
def displayBoard(HANGMANPICS, missedLetters, correctLetters, secretWord):
	# shows current state of the board, including how much of the secret
	# word the player has guessed so far and the wrong letters player has
	# guess 
	print(HANGMANPICS[len(missedLetters)])
	print()
	
	print('Missed Letters:', end=' ')
	for letter in missedLetters:
		print(letter, end=' ')
	print()
	
	blanks = '_' * len(secretWord)
	
	for i in range(len(secretWord)): # replace blanks with correctly guessed letters
		if secretWord[i] in correctLetters:
			blanks = blanks[:i] + secretWord[i] + blanks[i+1:]
			
	for letter in blanks: # show the secret word with spaces in between each letter
		print(letter, end=' ')
	print()
	
def getGuess(alreadyGuessed): 
	# Returns the letter the player entered. This function makes sure the 
	# player entered a single letter, and not something else.
	while True:
		print('Guess a letter.')
		guess = input()
		guess = guess.lower()
		if len(guess) != 1:
			print('Please enter a single letter.')
		elif guess in alreadyGuessed:
			print('You have already guessed that letter. Choose again.')
		elif guess not in 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz':
			print('Please enter a LETTER.')
		else:
			return guess
			
def playAgain():
	# This function returns True if the player wants to play again, 
	# otherwise it returns False.
	print('Do you want to play again? (yes or no)')
	return input().lower().startswith('y')
	
	
print('H A N G M A N')
missedLetters = ''
correctLetters = ''
secretWord = getRandomWord(words)
gameIsDone = False

while True:
	displayBoard(HANGMANPICS, missedLetters, correctLetters, secretWord)
	
	# Let the player type in a letter.
	guess = getGuess(missedLetters + correctLetters)
	
	if guess in secretWord:
		correctLetters = correctLetters + guess
		
		# Check if the player has won
		foundAllLetters = True
		for i in range(len(secretWord)):
			if secretWord[i] not in correctLetters:
				foundAllLetters = False
				break
		if foundAllLetters:
			print('Yes! The secret word is "' + secretWord + '"! You win!')
			gameIsDone = True
	else:
		missedLetters = missedLetters + guess
		
		# Check if player has guesse too many times and lost
		if len(missedLetters) == len(HANGMANPICS) - 1:
			displayBoard(HANGMANPICS, missedLetters, correctLetters, secretWord)
			print('You have run out of guesses!\n After ' + str(len(missedLetters)) + ' missed guesses and ' + str(len(correctLetters)) + ' correct guesses, the word was "' + secretWord + '"')
			gameIsDone = True
			
	# Ask the player if they want to play again (but only if the game is done).
	if gameIsDone:
		if playAgain():
			missedLetters = ''
			correctLetters = ''
			gameIsDone = False
			secretWord = getRandomWord(words)
		else:
			break