diff --git a/lib/sender.js b/lib/sender.js
index 500bd98..12ee25a 100644
--- a/lib/sender.js
+++ b/lib/sender.js
@@ -27,20 +27,6 @@ class Sender {
     this._bufferedBytes = 0;
     this._deflating = false;
     this._queue = [];
-
-    if (this._extensions[PerMessageDeflate.extensionName]) {
-      this._socket.once('close', () => {
-        const err = new Error('WebSocket is not open: readyState 2 (CLOSING)');
-
-        while (this._queue.length) {
-          const params = this._queue.shift();
-          const cb = params[params.length - 1];
-
-          this._bufferedBytes -= params[1].length;
-          if (typeof cb === 'function') cb(err);
-        }
-      });
-    }
   }
 
   /**
@@ -346,9 +332,19 @@ class Sender {
 
     this._deflating = true;
     perMessageDeflate.compress(data, options.fin, (_, buf) => {
+      this._deflating = false;
+
+      if (!this._socket.readable && !this._socket.writable) {
+        //
+        // The socket is closed. Clear the queue and bail out.
+        //
+        this._bufferedBytes = 0;
+        this._queue.length = 0;
+        return;
+      }
+
       options.readOnly = false;
       this.sendFrame(Sender.frame(buf, options), cb);
-      this._deflating = false;
       this.dequeue();
     });
   }
diff --git a/lib/websocket.js b/lib/websocket.js
index 79cb219..5b8497d 100644
--- a/lib/websocket.js
+++ b/lib/websocket.js
@@ -123,11 +123,6 @@ class WebSocket extends EventEmitter {
       maxPayload
     );
 
-    //
-    // `Sender` must be instantiated before adding the `socketOnClose` listener.
-    // This allows the sender queue, when used, to be emptied before
-    // `socketOnClose` is called.
-    //
     this._sender = new Sender(socket, this._extensions);
     this._receiver = receiver;
     this._socket = socket;
diff --git a/test/sender.test.js b/test/sender.test.js
index e7c7dd1..0440752 100644
--- a/test/sender.test.js
+++ b/test/sender.test.js
@@ -6,13 +6,14 @@ const PerMessageDeflate = require('../lib/permessage-deflate');
 const Sender = require('../lib/sender');
 
 class MockSocket {
-  constructor ({ write, once } = {}) {
+  constructor ({ write } = {}) {
+    this.readable = true;
+    this.writable = true;
+
     if (write) this.write = write;
-    if (once) this.once = once;
   }
 
   write () {}
-  once () {}
 }
 
 describe('Sender', function () {
@@ -69,41 +70,43 @@ describe('Sender', function () {
     });
 
     it('does not compress enqueued messages after socket closes', function (done) {
-      const numMessages = 100;
-      let numErrors = 0;
-
       const mockSocket = new MockSocket({
-        write: (data) => {
-          // Test that `PerMessageDeflate#compress()` and `Socket#write()` is
-          // called only once (for the first message that is not queued).
-          assert.strictEqual(numErrors, numMessages);
-          done();
-        },
-        once: (ev, cb) => {
-          if (ev === 'close') process.nextTick(cb);
-        }
+        write: () => done(new Error('Unexpected call to socket.write()'))
       });
 
       const perMessageDeflate = new PerMessageDeflate({ threshold: 0 });
       perMessageDeflate.accept([{}]);
 
+      const compress = perMessageDeflate.compress;
       const sender = new Sender(mockSocket, {
         'permessage-deflate': perMessageDeflate
       });
 
-      const options = { compress: true, fin: true };
-      sender.send('hi', options);
+      perMessageDeflate.compress = (data, fin, callback) => {
+        compress.call(perMessageDeflate, data, fin, (_, buf) => {
+          assert.strictEqual(sender._bufferedBytes, 198);
+          assert.strictEqual(sender._queue.length, 99);
+          assert.strictEqual(mockSocket.readable, false);
+          assert.strictEqual(mockSocket.writable, false);
 
-      for (let i = 0; i < numMessages; i++) {
-        sender.send('hi', options, (err) => {
-          assert.ok(err instanceof Error);
-          assert.strictEqual(
-            err.message,
-            'WebSocket is not open: readyState 2 (CLOSING)'
-          );
-          numErrors++;
+          process.nextTick(() => {
+            assert.strictEqual(sender._bufferedBytes, 0);
+            assert.strictEqual(sender._queue.length, 0);
+            done();
+          });
+
+          callback(_, buf);
         });
-      }
+      };
+
+      const options = { compress: true, fin: true };
+
+      for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) sender.send('hi', options);
+
+      process.nextTick(() => {
+        mockSocket.readable = false;
+        mockSocket.writable = false;
+      });
     });
 
     it('does not compress data for small payloads', function (done) {
diff --git a/test/websocket.test.js b/test/websocket.test.js
index dc94586..c849ade 100644
--- a/test/websocket.test.js
+++ b/test/websocket.test.js
@@ -2041,40 +2041,6 @@ describe('WebSocket', function () {
       });
     });
 
-    it('reports the state as `CLOSING` in callbacks of discarded queued messages', function (done) {
-      const wss = new WebSocket.Server({
-        perMessageDeflate: { threshold: 0 },
-        port: 0
-      }, () => {
-        const ws = new WebSocket(`ws://localhost:${wss.address().port}`);
-      });
-
-      wss.on('connection', (ws) => {
-        const map = () => crypto.randomBytes(16);
-        let count = 100;
-
-        Array.from({ length: count }).map(map).forEach((data, i) => {
-          ws.send(data, (err) => {
-            assert.ok(err instanceof Error);
-
-            if (i > 0) {
-              // The first message is not queued and compression completes after
-              // the `'close'` event is emitted on the `net.Socket`.
-              assert.strictEqual(ws.readyState, WebSocket.CLOSING);
-              assert.strictEqual(
-                err.message,
-                'WebSocket is not open: readyState 2 (CLOSING)'
-              );
-            }
-
-            if (--count === 0) done();
-          });
-        });
-
-        wss.close();
-      });
-    });
-
     describe('#send', function () {
       it('ignores the `compress` option if the extension is disabled', function (done) {
         const wss = new WebSocket.Server({ port: 0 }, () => {
@@ -2106,13 +2072,16 @@ describe('WebSocket', function () {
           });
 
           ws.on('open', () => {
-            ws.send('hi', (err) => {
-              assert.ok(err instanceof Error);
-              wss.close(done);
-            });
+            ws.send('hi', () => done(new Error('Unexpected callback invocation')));
             ws.terminate();
           });
         });
+
+        wss.on('connection', (ws) => {
+          ws.on('close', () => {
+            wss.close(done);
+          });
+        });
       });
 
       it('can be used while data is being decompressed', function (done) {