diff --git a/changelog/fix_comments_negated_if_else_condition_cop.md b/changelog/fix_comments_negated_if_else_condition_cop.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f87bdf196aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog/fix_comments_negated_if_else_condition_cop.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* [#9429](https://github.com/rubocop-hq/rubocop/issues/9429): Fix `Style/NegatedIfElseCondition` autocorrect to keep comments in correct branch. ([@tejasbubane][])
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/style/negated_if_else_condition.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/style/negated_if_else_condition.rb
index f0669f81974..85961e7aa1e 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop/cop/style/negated_if_else_condition.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/style/negated_if_else_condition.rb
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ module Style
       #
       class NegatedIfElseCondition < Base
         include RangeHelp
+        include CommentsHelp
         extend AutoCorrector
 
         MSG = 'Invert the negated condition and swap the %<type>s branches.'
@@ -96,10 +97,22 @@ def swap_branches(corrector, node)
           if node.if_branch.nil?
             corrector.remove(range_by_whole_lines(node.loc.else, include_final_newline: true))
           else
-            corrector.replace(node.if_branch, node.else_branch.source)
-            corrector.replace(node.else_branch, node.if_branch.source)
+            if_range = node_with_comments(node.if_branch)
+            else_range = node_with_comments(node.else_branch)
+
+            corrector.replace(if_range, else_range.source)
+            corrector.replace(else_range, if_range.source)
           end
         end
+
+        def node_with_comments(node)
+          first_statement = node.begin_type? ? node.children[0] : node
+          return node if processed_source.ast_with_comments[first_statement].empty?
+
+          begin_pos = source_range_with_comment(first_statement).begin_pos
+          end_pos = node.source_range.end_pos
+          Parser::Source::Range.new(buffer, begin_pos, end_pos)
+        end
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/spec/rubocop/cop/style/negated_if_else_condition_spec.rb b/spec/rubocop/cop/style/negated_if_else_condition_spec.rb
index 3a87f8baa4c..0527ac8f922 100644
--- a/spec/rubocop/cop/style/negated_if_else_condition_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/rubocop/cop/style/negated_if_else_condition_spec.rb
@@ -129,6 +129,64 @@
     RUBY
   end
 
+  it 'moves comments to correct branches during autocorrect' do
+    expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
+      if !condition.nil?
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Invert the negated condition and swap the if-else branches.
+        # part B
+        # and foo is 39
+        foo = 39
+      else
+        # part A
+        # and foo is 42
+        foo = 42
+      end
+    RUBY
+
+    expect_correction(<<~RUBY)
+      if condition.nil?
+        # part A
+        # and foo is 42
+        foo = 42
+      else
+        # part B
+        # and foo is 39
+        foo = 39
+      end
+    RUBY
+  end
+
+  it 'works with comments and multiple statements' do
+    expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
+      if !condition.nil?
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Invert the negated condition and swap the if-else branches.
+        # part A
+        # and foo is 1 and bar is 2
+        foo = 1
+        bar = 2
+      else
+        # part B
+        # and foo is 3 and bar is 4
+        foo = 3
+        bar = 4
+      end
+    RUBY
+
+    expect_correction(<<~RUBY)
+      if condition.nil?
+        # part B
+        # and foo is 3 and bar is 4
+        foo = 3
+        bar = 4
+      else
+        # part A
+        # and foo is 1 and bar is 2
+        foo = 1
+        bar = 2
+      end
+    RUBY
+  end
+
   it 'does not register an offense when negating condition for `if-elsif`' do
     expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
       if !x