select.rs

//! Portably monitor a group of file descriptors for readiness.
use std::convert::TryFrom;
use std::iter::FusedIterator;
use std::mem;
use std::ops::Range;
use std::os::unix::io::RawFd;
use std::ptr::{null, null_mut};
use libc::{self, c_int};
use crate::Result;
use crate::errno::Errno;
use crate::sys::signal::SigSet;
use crate::sys::time::{TimeSpec, TimeVal};

pub use libc::FD_SETSIZE;

/// Contains a set of file descriptors used by [`select`]
#[repr(transparent)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
pub struct FdSet(libc::fd_set);

fn assert_fd_valid(fd: RawFd) {
    assert!(
        usize::try_from(fd).map_or(false, |fd| fd < FD_SETSIZE),
        "fd must be in the range 0..FD_SETSIZE",
    );
}

impl FdSet {
    /// Create an empty `FdSet`
    pub fn new() -> FdSet {
        let mut fdset = mem::MaybeUninit::uninit();
        unsafe {
            libc::FD_ZERO(fdset.as_mut_ptr());
            FdSet(fdset.assume_init())
        }
    }

    /// Add a file descriptor to an `FdSet`
    pub fn insert(&mut self, fd: RawFd) {
        assert_fd_valid(fd);
        unsafe { libc::FD_SET(fd, &mut self.0) };
    }

    /// Remove a file descriptor from an `FdSet`
    pub fn remove(&mut self, fd: RawFd) {
        assert_fd_valid(fd);
        unsafe { libc::FD_CLR(fd, &mut self.0) };
    }

    /// Test an `FdSet` for the presence of a certain file descriptor.
    pub fn contains(&self, fd: RawFd) -> bool {
        assert_fd_valid(fd);
        unsafe { libc::FD_ISSET(fd, &self.0) }
    }

    /// Remove all file descriptors from this `FdSet`.
    pub fn clear(&mut self) {
        unsafe { libc::FD_ZERO(&mut self.0) };
    }

    /// Finds the highest file descriptor in the set.
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if the set is empty.
    ///
    /// This can be used to calculate the `nfds` parameter of the [`select`] function.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use nix::sys::select::FdSet;
    /// let mut set = FdSet::new();
    /// set.insert(4);
    /// set.insert(9);
    /// assert_eq!(set.highest(), Some(9));
    /// ```
    ///
    /// [`select`]: fn.select.html
    pub fn highest(&self) -> Option<RawFd> {
        self.fds(None).next_back()
    }

    /// Returns an iterator over the file descriptors in the set.
    ///
    /// For performance, it takes an optional higher bound: the iterator will
    /// not return any elements of the set greater than the given file
    /// descriptor.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use nix::sys::select::FdSet;
    /// # use std::os::unix::io::RawFd;
    /// let mut set = FdSet::new();
    /// set.insert(4);
    /// set.insert(9);
    /// let fds: Vec<RawFd> = set.fds(None).collect();
    /// assert_eq!(fds, vec![4, 9]);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn fds(&self, highest: Option<RawFd>) -> Fds {
        Fds {
            set: self,
            range: 0..highest.map(|h| h as usize + 1).unwrap_or(FD_SETSIZE),
        }
    }
}

impl Default for FdSet {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new()
    }
}

/// Iterator over `FdSet`.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Fds<'a> {
    set: &'a FdSet,
    range: Range<usize>,
}

impl<'a> Iterator for Fds<'a> {
    type Item = RawFd;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<RawFd> {
        for i in &mut self.range {
            if self.set.contains(i as RawFd) {
                return Some(i as RawFd);
            }
        }
        None
    }

    #[inline]
    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
        let (_, upper) = self.range.size_hint();
        (0, upper)
    }
}

impl<'a> DoubleEndedIterator for Fds<'a> {
    #[inline]
    fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<RawFd> {
        while let Some(i) = self.range.next_back() {
            if self.set.contains(i as RawFd) {
                return Some(i as RawFd);
            }
        }
        None
    }
}

impl<'a> FusedIterator for Fds<'a> {}

/// Monitors file descriptors for readiness
///
/// Returns the total number of ready file descriptors in all sets. The sets are changed so that all
/// file descriptors that are ready for the given operation are set.
///
/// When this function returns, `timeout` has an implementation-defined value.
///
/// # Parameters
///
/// * `nfds`: The highest file descriptor set in any of the passed `FdSet`s, plus 1. If `None`, this
///   is calculated automatically by calling [`FdSet::highest`] on all descriptor sets and adding 1
///   to the maximum of that.
/// * `readfds`: File descriptors to check for being ready to read.
/// * `writefds`: File descriptors to check for being ready to write.
/// * `errorfds`: File descriptors to check for pending error conditions.
/// * `timeout`: Maximum time to wait for descriptors to become ready (`None` to block
///   indefinitely).
///
/// # References
///
/// [select(2)](https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/select.html)
///
/// [`FdSet::highest`]: struct.FdSet.html#method.highest
pub fn select<'a, N, R, W, E, T>(nfds: N,
    readfds: R,
    writefds: W,
    errorfds: E,
                                 timeout: T) -> Result<c_int>
where
    N: Into<Option<c_int>>,
    R: Into<Option<&'a mut FdSet>>,
    W: Into<Option<&'a mut FdSet>>,
    E: Into<Option<&'a mut FdSet>>,
    T: Into<Option<&'a mut TimeVal>>,
{
    let mut readfds = readfds.into();
    let mut writefds = writefds.into();
    let mut errorfds = errorfds.into();
    let timeout = timeout.into();

    let nfds = nfds.into().unwrap_or_else(|| {
        readfds.iter_mut()
            .chain(writefds.iter_mut())
            .chain(errorfds.iter_mut())
            .map(|set| set.highest().unwrap_or(-1))
            .max()
            .unwrap_or(-1) + 1
    });

    let readfds = readfds.map(|set| set as *mut _ as *mut libc::fd_set).unwrap_or(null_mut());
    let writefds = writefds.map(|set| set as *mut _ as *mut libc::fd_set).unwrap_or(null_mut());
    let errorfds = errorfds.map(|set| set as *mut _ as *mut libc::fd_set).unwrap_or(null_mut());
    let timeout = timeout.map(|tv| tv as *mut _ as *mut libc::timeval)
        .unwrap_or(null_mut());

    let res = unsafe {
        libc::select(nfds, readfds, writefds, errorfds, timeout)
    };

    Errno::result(res)
}

/// Monitors file descriptors for readiness with an altered signal mask.
///
/// Returns the total number of ready file descriptors in all sets. The sets are changed so that all
/// file descriptors that are ready for the given operation are set.
///
/// When this function returns, the original signal mask is restored.
///
/// Unlike [`select`](#fn.select), `pselect` does not mutate the `timeout` value.
///
/// # Parameters
///
/// * `nfds`: The highest file descriptor set in any of the passed `FdSet`s, plus 1. If `None`, this
///   is calculated automatically by calling [`FdSet::highest`] on all descriptor sets and adding 1
///   to the maximum of that.
/// * `readfds`: File descriptors to check for read readiness
/// * `writefds`: File descriptors to check for write readiness
/// * `errorfds`: File descriptors to check for pending error conditions.
/// * `timeout`: Maximum time to wait for descriptors to become ready (`None` to block
///   indefinitely).
/// * `sigmask`: Signal mask to activate while waiting for file descriptors to turn
///    ready (`None` to set no alternative signal mask).
///
/// # References
///
/// [pselect(2)](https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/pselect.html)
///
/// [The new pselect() system call](https://lwn.net/Articles/176911/)
///
/// [`FdSet::highest`]: struct.FdSet.html#method.highest
pub fn pselect<'a, N, R, W, E, T, S>(nfds: N,
    readfds: R,
    writefds: W,
    errorfds: E,
    timeout: T,
                                     sigmask: S) -> Result<c_int>
where
    N: Into<Option<c_int>>,
    R: Into<Option<&'a mut FdSet>>,
    W: Into<Option<&'a mut FdSet>>,
    E: Into<Option<&'a mut FdSet>>,
    T: Into<Option<&'a TimeSpec>>,
    S: Into<Option<&'a SigSet>>,
{
    let mut readfds = readfds.into();
    let mut writefds = writefds.into();
    let mut errorfds = errorfds.into();
    let sigmask = sigmask.into();
    let timeout = timeout.into();

    let nfds = nfds.into().unwrap_or_else(|| {
        readfds.iter_mut()
            .chain(writefds.iter_mut())
            .chain(errorfds.iter_mut())
            .map(|set| set.highest().unwrap_or(-1))
            .max()
            .unwrap_or(-1) + 1
    });

    let readfds = readfds.map(|set| set as *mut _ as *mut libc::fd_set).unwrap_or(null_mut());
    let writefds = writefds.map(|set| set as *mut _ as *mut libc::fd_set).unwrap_or(null_mut());
    let errorfds = errorfds.map(|set| set as *mut _ as *mut libc::fd_set).unwrap_or(null_mut());
    let timeout = timeout.map(|ts| ts.as_ref() as *const libc::timespec).unwrap_or(null());
    let sigmask = sigmask.map(|sm| sm.as_ref() as *const libc::sigset_t).unwrap_or(null());

    let res = unsafe {
        libc::pselect(nfds, readfds, writefds, errorfds, timeout, sigmask)
    };

    Errno::result(res)
}


#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use std::os::unix::io::RawFd;
    use crate::sys::time::{TimeVal, TimeValLike};
    use crate::unistd::{write, pipe};

    #[test]
    fn fdset_insert() {
        let mut fd_set = FdSet::new();

        for i in 0..FD_SETSIZE {
            assert!(!fd_set.contains(i as RawFd));
        }

        fd_set.insert(7);

        assert!(fd_set.contains(7));
    }

    #[test]
    fn fdset_remove() {
        let mut fd_set = FdSet::new();

        for i in 0..FD_SETSIZE {
            assert!(!fd_set.contains(i as RawFd));
        }

        fd_set.insert(7);
        fd_set.remove(7);

        for i in 0..FD_SETSIZE {
            assert!(!fd_set.contains(i as RawFd));
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn fdset_clear() {
        let mut fd_set = FdSet::new();
        fd_set.insert(1);
        fd_set.insert((FD_SETSIZE / 2) as RawFd);
        fd_set.insert((FD_SETSIZE - 1) as RawFd);

        fd_set.clear();

        for i in 0..FD_SETSIZE {
            assert!(!fd_set.contains(i as RawFd));
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn fdset_highest() {
        let mut set = FdSet::new();
        assert_eq!(set.highest(), None);
        set.insert(0);
        assert_eq!(set.highest(), Some(0));
        set.insert(90);
        assert_eq!(set.highest(), Some(90));
        set.remove(0);
        assert_eq!(set.highest(), Some(90));
        set.remove(90);
        assert_eq!(set.highest(), None);

        set.insert(4);
        set.insert(5);
        set.insert(7);
        assert_eq!(set.highest(), Some(7));
    }

    #[test]
    fn fdset_fds() {
        let mut set = FdSet::new();
        assert_eq!(set.fds(None).collect::<Vec<_>>(), vec![]);
        set.insert(0);
        assert_eq!(set.fds(None).collect::<Vec<_>>(), vec![0]);
        set.insert(90);
        assert_eq!(set.fds(None).collect::<Vec<_>>(), vec![0, 90]);

        // highest limit
        assert_eq!(set.fds(Some(89)).collect::<Vec<_>>(), vec![0]);
        assert_eq!(set.fds(Some(90)).collect::<Vec<_>>(), vec![0, 90]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_select() {
        let (r1, w1) = pipe().unwrap();
        write(w1, b"hi!").unwrap();
        let (r2, _w2) = pipe().unwrap();

        let mut fd_set = FdSet::new();
        fd_set.insert(r1);
        fd_set.insert(r2);

        let mut timeout = TimeVal::seconds(10);
        assert_eq!(1, select(None,
                             &mut fd_set,
                             None,
                             None,
                             &mut timeout).unwrap());
        assert!(fd_set.contains(r1));
        assert!(!fd_set.contains(r2));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_select_nfds() {
        let (r1, w1) = pipe().unwrap();
        write(w1, b"hi!").unwrap();
        let (r2, _w2) = pipe().unwrap();

        let mut fd_set = FdSet::new();
        fd_set.insert(r1);
        fd_set.insert(r2);

        let mut timeout = TimeVal::seconds(10);
        assert_eq!(1, select(Some(fd_set.highest().unwrap() + 1),
                &mut fd_set,
                None,
                None,
                             &mut timeout).unwrap());
        assert!(fd_set.contains(r1));
        assert!(!fd_set.contains(r2));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_select_nfds2() {
        let (r1, w1) = pipe().unwrap();
        write(w1, b"hi!").unwrap();
        let (r2, _w2) = pipe().unwrap();

        let mut fd_set = FdSet::new();
        fd_set.insert(r1);
        fd_set.insert(r2);

        let mut timeout = TimeVal::seconds(10);
        assert_eq!(1, select(::std::cmp::max(r1, r2) + 1,
                &mut fd_set,
                None,
                None,
                             &mut timeout).unwrap());
        assert!(fd_set.contains(r1));
        assert!(!fd_set.contains(r2));
    }
}