diff --git a/receive_stream.go b/receive_stream.go
index f9a1e066ff5..ae6a449b575 100644
--- a/receive_stream.go
+++ b/receive_stream.go
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ type receiveStream struct {
 	resetRemotely     bool // set when HandleResetStreamFrame() is called
 
 	readChan chan struct{}
+	readOnce chan struct{} // cap: 1, to protect against concurrent use of Read
 	deadline time.Time
 
 	flowController flowcontrol.StreamFlowController
@@ -70,6 +71,7 @@ func newReceiveStream(
 		flowController: flowController,
 		frameQueue:     newFrameSorter(),
 		readChan:       make(chan struct{}, 1),
+		readOnce:       make(chan struct{}, 1),
 		finalOffset:    protocol.MaxByteCount,
 		version:        version,
 	}
@@ -81,6 +83,12 @@ func (s *receiveStream) StreamID() protocol.StreamID {
 
 // Read implements io.Reader. It is not thread safe!
 func (s *receiveStream) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	// Concurrent use of Read is not permitted (and doesn't make any sense),
+	// but sometimes people do it anyway.
+	// Make sure that we only execute one call at any given time to avoid hard to debug failures.
+	s.readOnce <- struct{}{}
+	defer func() { <-s.readOnce }()
+
 	s.mutex.Lock()
 	completed, n, err := s.readImpl(p)
 	s.mutex.Unlock()
@@ -105,7 +113,7 @@ func (s *receiveStream) readImpl(p []byte) (bool /*stream completed */, int, err
 		return false, 0, s.closeForShutdownErr
 	}
 
-	bytesRead := 0
+	var bytesRead int
 	var deadlineTimer *utils.Timer
 	for bytesRead < len(p) {
 		if s.currentFrame == nil || s.readPosInFrame >= len(s.currentFrame) {
diff --git a/receive_stream_test.go b/receive_stream_test.go
index 51a8414f230..20157bb408c 100644
--- a/receive_stream_test.go
+++ b/receive_stream_test.go
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"runtime"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
@@ -403,6 +405,43 @@ var _ = Describe("Receive Stream", func() {
 					Expect(n).To(BeZero())
 					Expect(err).To(MatchError(io.EOF))
 				})
+
+				// Calling Read concurrently doesn't make any sense (and is forbidden),
+				// but we still want to make sure that we don't complete the stream more than once
+				// if the user misuses our API.
+				// This would lead to an INTERNAL_ERROR ("tried to delete unknown outgoing stream"),
+				// which can be hard to debug.
+				// Note that even without the protection built into the receiveStream, this test
+				// is very timing-dependent, and would need to run a few hundred times to trigger the failure.
+				It("handles concurrent reads", func() {
+					mockFC.EXPECT().UpdateHighestReceived(protocol.ByteCount(6), gomock.Any()).AnyTimes()
+					var bytesRead protocol.ByteCount
+					mockFC.EXPECT().AddBytesRead(gomock.Any()).Do(func(n protocol.ByteCount) { bytesRead += n }).AnyTimes()
+
+					var numCompleted int32
+					mockSender.EXPECT().onStreamCompleted(streamID).Do(func(protocol.StreamID) {
+						atomic.AddInt32(&numCompleted, 1)
+					}).AnyTimes()
+					const num = 3
+					var wg sync.WaitGroup
+					wg.Add(num)
+					for i := 0; i < num; i++ {
+						go func() {
+							defer wg.Done()
+							defer GinkgoRecover()
+							_, err := str.Read(make([]byte, 8))
+							Expect(err).To(MatchError(io.EOF))
+						}()
+					}
+					str.handleStreamFrame(&wire.StreamFrame{
+						Offset: 0,
+						Data:   []byte("foobar"),
+						Fin:    true,
+					})
+					wg.Wait()
+					Expect(bytesRead).To(BeEquivalentTo(6))
+					Expect(atomic.LoadInt32(&numCompleted)).To(BeEquivalentTo(1))
+				})
 			})
 
 			It("closes when CloseRemote is called", func() {