block.go

// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

// Package types contains data types related to Ethereum consensus.
package types

import (
	"encoding/binary"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"math/big"
	"reflect"
	"sync/atomic"
	"time"

	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
)

var (
	EmptyRootHash = common.HexToHash("56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421")
	EmptyCodeHash = crypto.Keccak256(nil)

	EmptyUncleHash = rlpHash([]*Header(nil))
)

type VerifyStatus struct {
	Code uint16
	Msg  string
}

var (
	// StatusVerified means the processing of request going as expected and found the root correctly.
	StatusVerified          = VerifyStatus{Code: 0x100}
	StatusFullVerified      = VerifyStatus{Code: 0x101, Msg: "state root full verified"}
	StatusPartiallyVerified = VerifyStatus{Code: 0x102, Msg: "state root partially verified, because of difflayer not found"}

	// StatusFailed means the request has something wrong.
	StatusFailed           = VerifyStatus{Code: 0x200}
	StatusDiffHashMismatch = VerifyStatus{Code: 0x201, Msg: "verify failed because of blockhash mismatch with diffhash"}
	StatusImpossibleFork   = VerifyStatus{Code: 0x202, Msg: "verify failed because of impossible fork detected"}

	// StatusUncertain means verify node can't give a certain result of the request.
	StatusUncertain    = VerifyStatus{Code: 0x300}
	StatusBlockTooNew  = VerifyStatus{Code: 0x301, Msg: "can’t verify because of block number larger than current height more than 11"}
	StatusBlockNewer   = VerifyStatus{Code: 0x302, Msg: "can’t verify because of block number larger than current height"}
	StatusPossibleFork = VerifyStatus{Code: 0x303, Msg: "can’t verify because of possible fork detected"}

	// StatusUnexpectedError is unexpected internal error.
	StatusUnexpectedError = VerifyStatus{Code: 0x400, Msg: "can’t verify because of unexpected internal error"}
)

// A BlockNonce is a 64-bit hash which proves (combined with the
// mix-hash) that a sufficient amount of computation has been carried
// out on a block.
type BlockNonce [8]byte

// EncodeNonce converts the given integer to a block nonce.
func EncodeNonce(i uint64) BlockNonce {
	var n BlockNonce
	binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(n[:], i)
	return n
}

// Uint64 returns the integer value of a block nonce.
func (n BlockNonce) Uint64() uint64 {
	return binary.BigEndian.Uint64(n[:])
}

// MarshalText encodes n as a hex string with 0x prefix.
func (n BlockNonce) MarshalText() ([]byte, error) {
	return hexutil.Bytes(n[:]).MarshalText()
}

// UnmarshalText implements encoding.TextUnmarshaler.
func (n *BlockNonce) UnmarshalText(input []byte) error {
	return hexutil.UnmarshalFixedText("BlockNonce", input, n[:])
}

//go:generate go run github.com/fjl/gencodec@latest -type Header -field-override headerMarshaling -out gen_header_json.go
//go:generate go run ../../rlp/rlpgen -type Header -out gen_header_rlp.go

// Header represents a block header in the Ethereum blockchain.
type Header struct {
	ParentHash  common.Hash    `json:"parentHash"       gencodec:"required"`
	UncleHash   common.Hash    `json:"sha3Uncles"       gencodec:"required"`
	Coinbase    common.Address `json:"miner"            gencodec:"required"`
	Root        common.Hash    `json:"stateRoot"        gencodec:"required"`
	TxHash      common.Hash    `json:"transactionsRoot" gencodec:"required"`
	ReceiptHash common.Hash    `json:"receiptsRoot"     gencodec:"required"`
	Bloom       Bloom          `json:"logsBloom"        gencodec:"required"`
	Difficulty  *big.Int       `json:"difficulty"       gencodec:"required"`
	Number      *big.Int       `json:"number"           gencodec:"required"`
	GasLimit    uint64         `json:"gasLimit"         gencodec:"required"`
	GasUsed     uint64         `json:"gasUsed"          gencodec:"required"`
	Time        uint64         `json:"timestamp"        gencodec:"required"`
	Extra       []byte         `json:"extraData"        gencodec:"required"`
	MixDigest   common.Hash    `json:"mixHash"`
	Nonce       BlockNonce     `json:"nonce"`

	// BaseFee was added by EIP-1559 and is ignored in legacy headers.
	BaseFee *big.Int `json:"baseFeePerGas" rlp:"optional"`

	/*
		TODO (MariusVanDerWijden) Add this field once needed
		// Random was added during the merge and contains the BeaconState randomness
		Random common.Hash `json:"random" rlp:"optional"`
	*/
}

// field type overrides for gencodec
type headerMarshaling struct {
	Difficulty *hexutil.Big
	Number     *hexutil.Big
	GasLimit   hexutil.Uint64
	GasUsed    hexutil.Uint64
	Time       hexutil.Uint64
	Extra      hexutil.Bytes
	BaseFee    *hexutil.Big
	Hash       common.Hash `json:"hash"` // adds call to Hash() in MarshalJSON
}

// Hash returns the block hash of the header, which is simply the keccak256 hash of its
// RLP encoding.
func (h *Header) Hash() common.Hash {
	return rlpHash(h)
}

var headerSize = common.StorageSize(reflect.TypeOf(Header{}).Size())

// Size returns the approximate memory used by all internal contents. It is used
// to approximate and limit the memory consumption of various caches.
func (h *Header) Size() common.StorageSize {
	return headerSize + common.StorageSize(len(h.Extra)+(h.Difficulty.BitLen()+h.Number.BitLen())/8)
}

// SanityCheck checks a few basic things -- these checks are way beyond what
// any 'sane' production values should hold, and can mainly be used to prevent
// that the unbounded fields are stuffed with junk data to add processing
// overhead
func (h *Header) SanityCheck() error {
	if h.Number != nil && !h.Number.IsUint64() {
		return fmt.Errorf("too large block number: bitlen %d", h.Number.BitLen())
	}
	if h.Difficulty != nil {
		if diffLen := h.Difficulty.BitLen(); diffLen > 80 {
			return fmt.Errorf("too large block difficulty: bitlen %d", diffLen)
		}
	}
	if eLen := len(h.Extra); eLen > 100*1024 {
		return fmt.Errorf("too large block extradata: size %d", eLen)
	}
	if h.BaseFee != nil {
		if bfLen := h.BaseFee.BitLen(); bfLen > 256 {
			return fmt.Errorf("too large base fee: bitlen %d", bfLen)
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// EmptyBody returns true if there is no additional 'body' to complete the header
// that is: no transactions and no uncles.
func (h *Header) EmptyBody() bool {
	return h.TxHash == EmptyRootHash && h.UncleHash == EmptyUncleHash
}

// EmptyReceipts returns true if there are no receipts for this header/block.
func (h *Header) EmptyReceipts() bool {
	return h.ReceiptHash == EmptyRootHash
}

// Body is a simple (mutable, non-safe) data container for storing and moving
// a block's data contents (transactions and uncles) together.
type Body struct {
	Transactions []*Transaction
	Uncles       []*Header
}

// Block represents an entire block in the Ethereum blockchain.
type Block struct {
	header       *Header
	uncles       []*Header
	transactions Transactions

	// caches
	hash atomic.Value
	size atomic.Value

	// Td is used by package core to store the total difficulty
	// of the chain up to and including the block.
	td *big.Int

	// These fields are used by package eth to track
	// inter-peer block relay.
	ReceivedAt   time.Time
	ReceivedFrom interface{}
}

// "external" block encoding. used for eth protocol, etc.
type extblock struct {
	Header *Header
	Txs    []*Transaction
	Uncles []*Header
}

// NewBlock creates a new block. The input data is copied,
// changes to header and to the field values will not affect the
// block.
//
// The values of TxHash, UncleHash, ReceiptHash and Bloom in header
// are ignored and set to values derived from the given txs, uncles
// and receipts.
func NewBlock(header *Header, txs []*Transaction, uncles []*Header, receipts []*Receipt, hasher TrieHasher) *Block {
	b := &Block{header: CopyHeader(header), td: new(big.Int)}

	// TODO: panic if len(txs) != len(receipts)
	if len(txs) == 0 {
		b.header.TxHash = EmptyRootHash
	} else {
		b.header.TxHash = DeriveSha(Transactions(txs), hasher)
		b.transactions = make(Transactions, len(txs))
		copy(b.transactions, txs)
	}

	if len(receipts) == 0 {
		b.header.ReceiptHash = EmptyRootHash
	} else {
		b.header.ReceiptHash = DeriveSha(Receipts(receipts), hasher)
		b.header.Bloom = CreateBloom(receipts)
	}

	if len(uncles) == 0 {
		b.header.UncleHash = EmptyUncleHash
	} else {
		b.header.UncleHash = CalcUncleHash(uncles)
		b.uncles = make([]*Header, len(uncles))
		for i := range uncles {
			b.uncles[i] = CopyHeader(uncles[i])
		}
	}

	return b
}

// NewBlockWithHeader creates a block with the given header data. The
// header data is copied, changes to header and to the field values
// will not affect the block.
func NewBlockWithHeader(header *Header) *Block {
	return &Block{header: CopyHeader(header)}
}

// CopyHeader creates a deep copy of a block header to prevent side effects from
// modifying a header variable.
func CopyHeader(h *Header) *Header {
	cpy := *h
	if cpy.Difficulty = new(big.Int); h.Difficulty != nil {
		cpy.Difficulty.Set(h.Difficulty)
	}
	if cpy.Number = new(big.Int); h.Number != nil {
		cpy.Number.Set(h.Number)
	}
	if h.BaseFee != nil {
		cpy.BaseFee = new(big.Int).Set(h.BaseFee)
	}
	if len(h.Extra) > 0 {
		cpy.Extra = make([]byte, len(h.Extra))
		copy(cpy.Extra, h.Extra)
	}
	return &cpy
}

// DecodeRLP decodes the Ethereum
func (b *Block) DecodeRLP(s *rlp.Stream) error {
	var eb extblock
	_, size, _ := s.Kind()
	if err := s.Decode(&eb); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	b.header, b.uncles, b.transactions = eb.Header, eb.Uncles, eb.Txs
	b.size.Store(common.StorageSize(rlp.ListSize(size)))
	return nil
}

// EncodeRLP serializes b into the Ethereum RLP block format.
func (b *Block) EncodeRLP(w io.Writer) error {
	return rlp.Encode(w, extblock{
		Header: b.header,
		Txs:    b.transactions,
		Uncles: b.uncles,
	})
}

// TODO: copies

func (b *Block) Uncles() []*Header          { return b.uncles }
func (b *Block) Transactions() Transactions { return b.transactions }

func (b *Block) Transaction(hash common.Hash) *Transaction {
	for _, transaction := range b.transactions {
		if transaction.Hash() == hash {
			return transaction
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func (b *Block) Number() *big.Int     { return new(big.Int).Set(b.header.Number) }
func (b *Block) GasLimit() uint64     { return b.header.GasLimit }
func (b *Block) GasUsed() uint64      { return b.header.GasUsed }
func (b *Block) Difficulty() *big.Int { return new(big.Int).Set(b.header.Difficulty) }
func (b *Block) Time() uint64         { return b.header.Time }

func (b *Block) NumberU64() uint64        { return b.header.Number.Uint64() }
func (b *Block) MixDigest() common.Hash   { return b.header.MixDigest }
func (b *Block) Nonce() uint64            { return binary.BigEndian.Uint64(b.header.Nonce[:]) }
func (b *Block) Bloom() Bloom             { return b.header.Bloom }
func (b *Block) Coinbase() common.Address { return b.header.Coinbase }
func (b *Block) Root() common.Hash        { return b.header.Root }
func (b *Block) ParentHash() common.Hash  { return b.header.ParentHash }
func (b *Block) TxHash() common.Hash      { return b.header.TxHash }
func (b *Block) ReceiptHash() common.Hash { return b.header.ReceiptHash }
func (b *Block) UncleHash() common.Hash   { return b.header.UncleHash }
func (b *Block) Extra() []byte            { return common.CopyBytes(b.header.Extra) }

func (b *Block) BaseFee() *big.Int {
	if b.header.BaseFee == nil {
		return nil
	}
	return new(big.Int).Set(b.header.BaseFee)
}

func (b *Block) Header() *Header { return CopyHeader(b.header) }

// Body returns the non-header content of the block.
func (b *Block) Body() *Body { return &Body{b.transactions, b.uncles} }

// Size returns the true RLP encoded storage size of the block, either by encoding
// and returning it, or returning a previsouly cached value.
func (b *Block) Size() common.StorageSize {
	if size := b.size.Load(); size != nil {
		return size.(common.StorageSize)
	}
	c := writeCounter(0)
	rlp.Encode(&c, b)
	b.size.Store(common.StorageSize(c))
	return common.StorageSize(c)
}

func (b *Block) SetRoot(root common.Hash) { b.header.Root = root }

// SanityCheck can be used to prevent that unbounded fields are
// stuffed with junk data to add processing overhead
func (b *Block) SanityCheck() error {
	return b.header.SanityCheck()
}

type writeCounter common.StorageSize

func (c *writeCounter) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
	*c += writeCounter(len(b))
	return len(b), nil
}

func CalcUncleHash(uncles []*Header) common.Hash {
	if len(uncles) == 0 {
		return EmptyUncleHash
	}
	return rlpHash(uncles)
}

// WithSeal returns a new block with the data from b but the header replaced with
// the sealed one.
func (b *Block) WithSeal(header *Header) *Block {
	cpy := *header

	return &Block{
		header:       &cpy,
		transactions: b.transactions,
		uncles:       b.uncles,
	}
}

// WithBody returns a new block with the given transaction and uncle contents.
func (b *Block) WithBody(transactions []*Transaction, uncles []*Header) *Block {
	block := &Block{
		header:       CopyHeader(b.header),
		transactions: make([]*Transaction, len(transactions)),
		uncles:       make([]*Header, len(uncles)),
	}
	copy(block.transactions, transactions)
	for i := range uncles {
		block.uncles[i] = CopyHeader(uncles[i])
	}
	return block
}

// Hash returns the keccak256 hash of b's header.
// The hash is computed on the first call and cached thereafter.
func (b *Block) Hash() common.Hash {
	if hash := b.hash.Load(); hash != nil {
		return hash.(common.Hash)
	}
	v := b.header.Hash()
	b.hash.Store(v)
	return v
}

type Blocks []*Block

// HeaderParentHashFromRLP returns the parentHash of an RLP-encoded
// header. If 'header' is invalid, the zero hash is returned.
func HeaderParentHashFromRLP(header []byte) common.Hash {
	// parentHash is the first list element.
	listContent, _, err := rlp.SplitList(header)
	if err != nil {
		return common.Hash{}
	}
	parentHash, _, err := rlp.SplitString(listContent)
	if err != nil {
		return common.Hash{}
	}
	if len(parentHash) != 32 {
		return common.Hash{}
	}
	return common.BytesToHash(parentHash)
}

type DiffLayer struct {
	BlockHash common.Hash
	Number    uint64
	Receipts  Receipts // Receipts are duplicated stored to simplify the logic
	Codes     []DiffCode
	Destructs []common.Address
	Accounts  []DiffAccount
	Storages  []DiffStorage

	DiffHash atomic.Value
}

type ExtDiffLayer struct {
	BlockHash common.Hash
	Number    uint64
	Receipts  []*ReceiptForStorage // Receipts are duplicated stored to simplify the logic
	Codes     []DiffCode
	Destructs []common.Address
	Accounts  []DiffAccount
	Storages  []DiffStorage
}

// DecodeRLP decodes the Ethereum
func (d *DiffLayer) DecodeRLP(s *rlp.Stream) error {
	var ed ExtDiffLayer
	if err := s.Decode(&ed); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	d.BlockHash, d.Number, d.Codes, d.Destructs, d.Accounts, d.Storages =
		ed.BlockHash, ed.Number, ed.Codes, ed.Destructs, ed.Accounts, ed.Storages

	d.Receipts = make([]*Receipt, len(ed.Receipts))
	for i, storageReceipt := range ed.Receipts {
		d.Receipts[i] = (*Receipt)(storageReceipt)
	}
	return nil
}

// EncodeRLP serializes b into the Ethereum RLP block format.
func (d *DiffLayer) EncodeRLP(w io.Writer) error {
	storageReceipts := make([]*ReceiptForStorage, len(d.Receipts))
	for i, receipt := range d.Receipts {
		storageReceipts[i] = (*ReceiptForStorage)(receipt)
	}
	return rlp.Encode(w, ExtDiffLayer{
		BlockHash: d.BlockHash,
		Number:    d.Number,
		Receipts:  storageReceipts,
		Codes:     d.Codes,
		Destructs: d.Destructs,
		Accounts:  d.Accounts,
		Storages:  d.Storages,
	})
}

func (d *DiffLayer) Validate() error {
	if d.BlockHash == (common.Hash{}) {
		return errors.New("blockHash can't be empty")
	}
	for _, storage := range d.Storages {
		if len(storage.Keys) != len(storage.Vals) {
			return errors.New("the length of keys and values mismatch in storage")
		}
	}
	return nil
}

type DiffCode struct {
	Hash common.Hash
	Code []byte
}

type DiffAccount struct {
	Account common.Address
	Blob    []byte
}

type DiffStorage struct {
	Account common.Address
	Keys    []string
	Vals    [][]byte
}

func (storage *DiffStorage) Len() int { return len(storage.Keys) }
func (storage *DiffStorage) Swap(i, j int) {
	storage.Keys[i], storage.Keys[j] = storage.Keys[j], storage.Keys[i]
	storage.Vals[i], storage.Vals[j] = storage.Vals[j], storage.Vals[i]
}
func (storage *DiffStorage) Less(i, j int) bool { return storage.Keys[i] < storage.Keys[j] }

type DiffAccountsInTx struct {
	TxHash   common.Hash
	Accounts map[common.Address]*big.Int
}

type DiffAccountsInBlock struct {
	Number       uint64
	BlockHash    common.Hash
	Transactions []DiffAccountsInTx
}