diff --git a/doc/usage/extensions/math.rst b/doc/usage/extensions/math.rst
index 62630608993..9a042f631a6 100644
--- a/doc/usage/extensions/math.rst
+++ b/doc/usage/extensions/math.rst
@@ -133,6 +133,10 @@ are built:
    elements (cf the `dvisvgm FAQ`_). This option is used only when
    ``imgmath_image_format`` is ``'svg'``.
 
+.. confval:: imgmath_embed
+
+   Default: ``False``.  If true, inline LaTeX output as HTML base64 images
+   instead of separate png/svg files.
 
 :mod:`sphinx.ext.mathjax` -- Render math via JavaScript
 -------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/imgmath.py b/sphinx/ext/imgmath.py
index f0096ff2cd7..deb89d479fe 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/imgmath.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/imgmath.py
@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import tempfile
-from os import path
+from os import path, remove
 from subprocess import PIPE, CalledProcessError
 from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
+import base64
 
 from docutils import nodes
 from docutils.nodes import Element
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@
 from sphinx.util.png import read_png_depth, write_png_depth
 from sphinx.util.template import LaTeXRenderer
 from sphinx.writers.html import HTMLTranslator
+from sphinx.util.images import guess_mimetype
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -283,6 +285,18 @@ def get_tooltip(self: HTMLTranslator, node: Element) -> str:
     return ''
 
 
+def html_get_img_src(self: HTMLTranslator, fname: str) -> str:
+    if self.builder.config.imgmath_embed:
+        bname = path.basename(fname)
+        outfn = path.join(self.builder.outdir, self.builder.imagedir, 'math', bname)
+        mimetype = guess_mimetype(outfn, default='*')
+        encoded = base64.b64encode(open(outfn, "rb").read()).decode()
+        remove(outfn)
+        return f'data:{mimetype};base64,{encoded}'
+    else:
+        return fname
+
+
 def html_visit_math(self: HTMLTranslator, node: nodes.math) -> None:
     try:
         fname, depth = render_math(self, '$' + node.astext() + '$')
@@ -298,7 +312,8 @@ def html_visit_math(self: HTMLTranslator, node: nodes.math) -> None:
         self.body.append('<span class="math">%s</span>' %
                          self.encode(node.astext()).strip())
     else:
-        c = ('<img class="math" src="%s"' % fname) + get_tooltip(self, node)
+        img_src = html_get_img_src(self, fname)
+        c = ('<img class="math" src="%s"' % img_src) + get_tooltip(self, node)
         if depth is not None:
             c += ' style="vertical-align: %dpx"' % (-depth)
         self.body.append(c + '/>')
@@ -331,7 +346,8 @@ def html_visit_displaymath(self: HTMLTranslator, node: nodes.math_block) -> None
         self.body.append('<span class="math">%s</span></p>\n</div>' %
                          self.encode(node.astext()).strip())
     else:
-        self.body.append(('<img src="%s"' % fname) + get_tooltip(self, node) +
+        img_src = html_get_img_src(self, fname)
+        self.body.append(('<img src="%s"' % img_src) + get_tooltip(self, node) +
                          '/></p>\n</div>')
     raise nodes.SkipNode
 
@@ -354,5 +370,6 @@ def setup(app: Sphinx) -> Dict[str, Any]:
     app.add_config_value('imgmath_latex_preamble', '', 'html')
     app.add_config_value('imgmath_add_tooltips', True, 'html')
     app.add_config_value('imgmath_font_size', 12, 'html')
+    app.add_config_value('imgmath_embed', False, 'html')
     app.connect('build-finished', cleanup_tempdir)
     return {'version': sphinx.__display_version__, 'parallel_read_safe': True}