diff --git a/CHANGES b/CHANGES
index ba01f72a985..90ec78048fe 100644
--- a/CHANGES
+++ b/CHANGES
@@ -18,9 +18,10 @@ Features added
 * #10755: linkcheck: Check the source URL of raw directives that use the ``url``
   option.
 * #10781: Allow :rst:role:`ref` role to be used with definitions and fields.
-* #10717: HTML Search: Increase priority for full title and 
+* #10717: HTML Search: Increase priority for full title and
   subtitle matches in search results
 * #10718: HTML Search: Save search result score to the HTML element for debugging
+* #10673: Make toctree accept 'genindex', 'modindex' and 'search' docnames
 
 Bugs fixed
 ----------
diff --git a/sphinx/directives/other.py b/sphinx/directives/other.py
index 35e16e6230a..c27cc3d7824 100644
--- a/sphinx/directives/other.py
+++ b/sphinx/directives/other.py
@@ -77,6 +77,8 @@ def run(self) -> List[Node]:
         return ret
 
     def parse_content(self, toctree: addnodes.toctree) -> List[Node]:
+        generated_documents = {'genindex', 'modindex', 'search'}
+        referencable_docs = self.env.found_docs | generated_documents
         suffixes = self.config.source_suffix
 
         # glob target documents
@@ -118,7 +120,7 @@ def parse_content(self, toctree: addnodes.toctree) -> List[Node]:
                 docname = docname_join(self.env.docname, docname)
                 if url_re.match(ref) or ref == 'self':
                     toctree['entries'].append((title, ref))
-                elif docname not in self.env.found_docs:
+                elif docname not in referencable_docs:
                     if excluded(self.env.doc2path(docname, False)):
                         message = __('toctree contains reference to excluded document %r')
                         subtype = 'excluded'
@@ -132,6 +134,8 @@ def parse_content(self, toctree: addnodes.toctree) -> List[Node]:
                 else:
                     if docname in all_docnames:
                         all_docnames.remove(docname)
+                    elif docname in generated_documents:
+                        pass
                     else:
                         logger.warning(__('duplicated entry found in toctree: %s'), docname,
                                        location=toctree)
diff --git a/sphinx/environment/adapters/toctree.py b/sphinx/environment/adapters/toctree.py
index 9678e3c7c83..5db7a854a84 100644
--- a/sphinx/environment/adapters/toctree.py
+++ b/sphinx/environment/adapters/toctree.py
@@ -139,6 +139,16 @@ def _entries_from_toctree(toctreenode: addnodes.toctree, parents: List[str],
                         item = nodes.list_item('', para)
                         # don't show subitems
                         toc = nodes.bullet_list('', item)
+                    elif ref in {'genindex', 'modindex', 'search'}:
+                        docname, _, sectionname = self.env.domains['std'].labels[ref]   # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                        if not title:
+                            title = sectionname
+                        reference = nodes.reference('', title, internal=True,
+                                                    refuri=docname, anchorname='')
+                        para = addnodes.compact_paragraph('', '', reference)
+                        item = nodes.list_item('', para)
+                        # don't show subitems
+                        toc = nodes.bullet_list('', item)
                     else:
                         if ref in parents:
                             logger.warning(__('circular toctree references '
diff --git a/sphinx/environment/collectors/toctree.py b/sphinx/environment/collectors/toctree.py
index 52a8fd8d12b..419f23e1bb6 100644
--- a/sphinx/environment/collectors/toctree.py
+++ b/sphinx/environment/collectors/toctree.py
@@ -256,7 +256,8 @@ def _walk_doctree(docname: str, doctree: Element, secnum: Tuple[int, ...]) -> No
                         _walk_doctree(docname, subnode, secnum)
                 elif isinstance(subnode, addnodes.toctree):
                     for _title, subdocname in subnode['entries']:
-                        if url_re.match(subdocname) or subdocname == 'self':
+                        if (url_re.match(subdocname)
+                                or subdocname in {'self', 'genindex', 'modindex', 'search'}):
                             # don't mess with those
                             continue
 
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-index/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-toctree-index/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e69de29bb2d
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-index/foo.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree-index/foo.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fc2c716ae81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-index/foo.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+foo
+===
+
+:index:`word`
+
+.. py:module:: pymodule
+
+.. py:function:: Timer.repeat(repeat=3, number=1000000)
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-index/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree-index/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..eb211c53fee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-index/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+test-toctree-index
+==================
+
+.. toctree::
+
+   foo
+
+
+.. toctree::
+   :caption: Indices
+
+   genindex
+   modindex
+   search
+
diff --git a/tests/test_environment_toctree.py b/tests/test_environment_toctree.py
index 60a9826fda6..8d5cfc0b9fb 100644
--- a/tests/test_environment_toctree.py
+++ b/tests/test_environment_toctree.py
@@ -346,3 +346,17 @@ def test_get_toctree_for_includehidden(app):
 
     assert_node(toctree[2],
                 [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "baz"])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree-index')
+def test_toctree_index(app):
+    app.build()
+    toctree = app.env.tocs['index']
+    assert_node(toctree,
+                [bullet_list, ([list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [0][0]
+                                            [bullet_list, (addnodes.toctree,  # [0][1][0]
+                                                           addnodes.toctree)])])])  # [0][1][1]
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1], addnodes.toctree,
+                caption="Indices", glob=False, hidden=False,
+                titlesonly=False, maxdepth=-1, numbered=0,
+                entries=[(None, 'genindex'), (None, 'modindex'), (None, 'search')])