analyzer.go

// (c) Copyright 2016 Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development LP
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

// Package gosec holds the central scanning logic used by gosec security scanner
package gosec

import (
	"fmt"
	"go/ast"
	"go/build"
	"go/token"
	"go/types"
	"log"
	"os"
	"path"
	"path/filepath"
	"reflect"
	"regexp"
	"strconv"
	"strings"

	"golang.org/x/tools/go/packages"
)

// LoadMode controls the amount of details to return when loading the packages
const LoadMode = packages.NeedName |
	packages.NeedFiles |
	packages.NeedCompiledGoFiles |
	packages.NeedImports |
	packages.NeedTypes |
	packages.NeedTypesSizes |
	packages.NeedTypesInfo |
	packages.NeedSyntax

const externalSuppressionJustification = "Globally suppressed."

const aliasOfAllRules = "*"

var generatedCodePattern = regexp.MustCompile(`^// Code generated .* DO NOT EDIT\.$`)

// The Context is populated with data parsed from the source code as it is scanned.
// It is passed through to all rule functions as they are called. Rules may use
// this data in conjunction withe the encountered AST node.
type Context struct {
	FileSet      *token.FileSet
	Comments     ast.CommentMap
	Info         *types.Info
	Pkg          *types.Package
	PkgFiles     []*ast.File
	Root         *ast.File
	Config       Config
	Imports      *ImportTracker
	Ignores      []map[string][]SuppressionInfo
	PassedValues map[string]interface{}
}

// Metrics used when reporting information about a scanning run.
type Metrics struct {
	NumFiles int `json:"files"`
	NumLines int `json:"lines"`
	NumNosec int `json:"nosec"`
	NumFound int `json:"found"`
}

// Analyzer object is the main object of gosec. It has methods traverse an AST
// and invoke the correct checking rules as on each node as required.
type Analyzer struct {
	ignoreNosec       bool
	ruleset           RuleSet
	context           *Context
	config            Config
	logger            *log.Logger
	issues            []*Issue
	stats             *Metrics
	errors            map[string][]Error // keys are file paths; values are the golang errors in those files
	tests             bool
	excludeGenerated  bool
	showIgnored       bool
	trackSuppressions bool
}

// SuppressionInfo object is to record the kind and the justification that used
// to suppress violations.
type SuppressionInfo struct {
	Kind          string `json:"kind"`
	Justification string `json:"justification"`
}

// NewAnalyzer builds a new analyzer.
func NewAnalyzer(conf Config, tests bool, excludeGenerated bool, trackSuppressions bool, logger *log.Logger) *Analyzer {
	ignoreNoSec := false
	if enabled, err := conf.IsGlobalEnabled(Nosec); err == nil {
		ignoreNoSec = enabled
	}
	showIgnored := false
	if enabled, err := conf.IsGlobalEnabled(ShowIgnored); err == nil {
		showIgnored = enabled
	}
	if logger == nil {
		logger = log.New(os.Stderr, "[gosec]", log.LstdFlags)
	}
	return &Analyzer{
		ignoreNosec:       ignoreNoSec,
		showIgnored:       showIgnored,
		ruleset:           NewRuleSet(),
		context:           &Context{},
		config:            conf,
		logger:            logger,
		issues:            make([]*Issue, 0, 16),
		stats:             &Metrics{},
		errors:            make(map[string][]Error),
		tests:             tests,
		excludeGenerated:  excludeGenerated,
		trackSuppressions: trackSuppressions,
	}
}

// SetConfig updates the analyzer configuration
func (gosec *Analyzer) SetConfig(conf Config) {
	gosec.config = conf
}

// Config returns the current configuration
func (gosec *Analyzer) Config() Config {
	return gosec.config
}

// LoadRules instantiates all the rules to be used when analyzing source
// packages
func (gosec *Analyzer) LoadRules(ruleDefinitions map[string]RuleBuilder, ruleSuppressed map[string]bool) {
	for id, def := range ruleDefinitions {
		r, nodes := def(id, gosec.config)
		gosec.ruleset.Register(r, ruleSuppressed[id], nodes...)
	}
}

// Process kicks off the analysis process for a given package
func (gosec *Analyzer) Process(buildTags []string, packagePaths ...string) error {
	config := &packages.Config{
		Mode:       LoadMode,
		BuildFlags: buildTags,
		Tests:      gosec.tests,
	}

	for _, pkgPath := range packagePaths {
		pkgs, err := gosec.load(pkgPath, config)
		if err != nil {
			gosec.AppendError(pkgPath, err)
		}
		for _, pkg := range pkgs {
			if pkg.Name != "" {
				err := gosec.ParseErrors(pkg)
				if err != nil {
					return fmt.Errorf("parsing errors in pkg %q: %w", pkg.Name, err)
				}
				gosec.Check(pkg)
			}
		}
	}
	sortErrors(gosec.errors)
	return nil
}

func (gosec *Analyzer) load(pkgPath string, conf *packages.Config) ([]*packages.Package, error) {
	abspath, err := GetPkgAbsPath(pkgPath)
	if err != nil {
		gosec.logger.Printf("Skipping: %s. Path doesn't exist.", abspath)
		return []*packages.Package{}, nil
	}

	gosec.logger.Println("Import directory:", abspath)
	// step 1/3 create build context.
	buildD := build.Default
	// step 2/3: add build tags to get env dependent files into basePackage.
	buildD.BuildTags = conf.BuildFlags
	basePackage, err := buildD.ImportDir(pkgPath, build.ImportComment)
	if err != nil {
		return []*packages.Package{}, fmt.Errorf("importing dir %q: %w", pkgPath, err)
	}

	var packageFiles []string
	for _, filename := range basePackage.GoFiles {
		packageFiles = append(packageFiles, path.Join(pkgPath, filename))
	}
	for _, filename := range basePackage.CgoFiles {
		packageFiles = append(packageFiles, path.Join(pkgPath, filename))
	}

	if gosec.tests {
		testsFiles := make([]string, 0)
		testsFiles = append(testsFiles, basePackage.TestGoFiles...)
		testsFiles = append(testsFiles, basePackage.XTestGoFiles...)
		for _, filename := range testsFiles {
			packageFiles = append(packageFiles, path.Join(pkgPath, filename))
		}
	}

	// step 3/3 remove build tags from conf to proceed build correctly.
	conf.BuildFlags = nil
	pkgs, err := packages.Load(conf, packageFiles...)
	if err != nil {
		return []*packages.Package{}, fmt.Errorf("loading files from package %q: %w", pkgPath, err)
	}
	return pkgs, nil
}

// Check runs analysis on the given package
func (gosec *Analyzer) Check(pkg *packages.Package) {
	gosec.logger.Println("Checking package:", pkg.Name)
	for _, file := range pkg.Syntax {
		fp := pkg.Fset.File(file.Pos())
		if fp == nil {
			// skip files which cannot be located
			continue
		}
		checkedFile := fp.Name()
		// Skip the no-Go file from analysis (e.g. a Cgo files is expanded in 3 different files
		// stored in the cache which do not need to by analyzed)
		if filepath.Ext(checkedFile) != ".go" {
			continue
		}
		if gosec.excludeGenerated && isGeneratedFile(file) {
			gosec.logger.Println("Ignoring generated file:", checkedFile)
			continue
		}

		gosec.logger.Println("Checking file:", checkedFile)
		gosec.context.FileSet = pkg.Fset
		gosec.context.Config = gosec.config
		gosec.context.Comments = ast.NewCommentMap(gosec.context.FileSet, file, file.Comments)
		gosec.context.Root = file
		gosec.context.Info = pkg.TypesInfo
		gosec.context.Pkg = pkg.Types
		gosec.context.PkgFiles = pkg.Syntax
		gosec.context.Imports = NewImportTracker()
		gosec.context.Imports.TrackFile(file)
		gosec.context.PassedValues = make(map[string]interface{})
		ast.Walk(gosec, file)
		gosec.stats.NumFiles++
		gosec.stats.NumLines += pkg.Fset.File(file.Pos()).LineCount()
	}
}

func isGeneratedFile(file *ast.File) bool {
	for _, comment := range file.Comments {
		for _, row := range comment.List {
			if generatedCodePattern.MatchString(row.Text) {
				return true
			}
		}
	}
	return false
}

// ParseErrors parses the errors from given package
func (gosec *Analyzer) ParseErrors(pkg *packages.Package) error {
	if len(pkg.Errors) == 0 {
		return nil
	}
	for _, pkgErr := range pkg.Errors {
		parts := strings.Split(pkgErr.Pos, ":")
		file := parts[0]
		var err error
		var line int
		if len(parts) > 1 {
			if line, err = strconv.Atoi(parts[1]); err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("parsing line: %w", err)
			}
		}
		var column int
		if len(parts) > 2 {
			if column, err = strconv.Atoi(parts[2]); err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("parsing column: %w", err)
			}
		}
		msg := strings.TrimSpace(pkgErr.Msg)
		newErr := NewError(line, column, msg)
		if errSlice, ok := gosec.errors[file]; ok {
			gosec.errors[file] = append(errSlice, *newErr)
		} else {
			errSlice = []Error{}
			gosec.errors[file] = append(errSlice, *newErr)
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// AppendError appends an error to the file errors
func (gosec *Analyzer) AppendError(file string, err error) {
	// Do not report the error for empty packages (e.g. files excluded from build with a tag)
	r := regexp.MustCompile(`no buildable Go source files in`)
	if r.MatchString(err.Error()) {
		return
	}
	errors := make([]Error, 0)
	if ferrs, ok := gosec.errors[file]; ok {
		errors = ferrs
	}
	ferr := NewError(0, 0, err.Error())
	errors = append(errors, *ferr)
	gosec.errors[file] = errors
}

// ignore a node (and sub-tree) if it is tagged with a nosec tag comment
func (gosec *Analyzer) ignore(n ast.Node) map[string]SuppressionInfo {
	if groups, ok := gosec.context.Comments[n]; ok && !gosec.ignoreNosec {

		// Checks if an alternative for #nosec is set and, if not, uses the default.
		noSecDefaultTag := "#nosec"
		noSecAlternativeTag, err := gosec.config.GetGlobal(NoSecAlternative)
		if err != nil {
			noSecAlternativeTag = noSecDefaultTag
		}

		for _, group := range groups {
			comment := strings.TrimSpace(group.Text())
			foundDefaultTag := strings.HasPrefix(comment, noSecDefaultTag)
			foundAlternativeTag := strings.HasPrefix(comment, noSecAlternativeTag)

			if foundDefaultTag || foundAlternativeTag {
				gosec.stats.NumNosec++

				// Extract the directive and the justification.
				justification := ""
				commentParts := regexp.MustCompile(`-{2,}`).Split(comment, 2)
				directive := commentParts[0]
				if len(commentParts) > 1 {
					justification = strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimRight(commentParts[1], "\n"))
				}

				// Pull out the specific rules that are listed to be ignored.
				re := regexp.MustCompile(`(G\d{3})`)
				matches := re.FindAllStringSubmatch(directive, -1)

				suppression := SuppressionInfo{
					Kind:          "inSource",
					Justification: justification,
				}

				// Find the rule IDs to ignore.
				ignores := make(map[string]SuppressionInfo)
				for _, v := range matches {
					ignores[v[1]] = suppression
				}

				// If no specific rules were given, ignore everything.
				if len(matches) == 0 {
					ignores[aliasOfAllRules] = suppression
				}
				return ignores
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// Visit runs the gosec visitor logic over an AST created by parsing go code.
// Rule methods added with AddRule will be invoked as necessary.
func (gosec *Analyzer) Visit(n ast.Node) ast.Visitor {
	// If we've reached the end of this branch, pop off the ignores stack.
	if n == nil {
		if len(gosec.context.Ignores) > 0 {
			gosec.context.Ignores = gosec.context.Ignores[1:]
		}
		return gosec
	}

	// Get any new rule exclusions.
	ignoredRules := gosec.ignore(n)

	// Now create the union of exclusions.
	ignores := map[string][]SuppressionInfo{}
	if len(gosec.context.Ignores) > 0 {
		for k, v := range gosec.context.Ignores[0] {
			ignores[k] = v
		}
	}

	for ruleID, suppression := range ignoredRules {
		ignores[ruleID] = append(ignores[ruleID], suppression)
	}

	// Push the new set onto the stack.
	gosec.context.Ignores = append([]map[string][]SuppressionInfo{ignores}, gosec.context.Ignores...)

	// Track aliased and initialization imports
	gosec.context.Imports.TrackImport(n)

	for _, rule := range gosec.ruleset.RegisteredFor(n) {
		// Check if all rules are ignored.
		generalSuppressions, generalIgnored := ignores[aliasOfAllRules]
		// Check if the specific rule is ignored
		ruleSuppressions, ruleIgnored := ignores[rule.ID()]

		ignored := generalIgnored || ruleIgnored
		suppressions := append(generalSuppressions, ruleSuppressions...)

		// Track external suppressions.
		if gosec.ruleset.IsRuleSuppressed(rule.ID()) {
			ignored = true
			suppressions = append(suppressions, SuppressionInfo{
				Kind:          "external",
				Justification: externalSuppressionJustification,
			})
		}

		issue, err := rule.Match(n, gosec.context)
		if err != nil {
			file, line := GetLocation(n, gosec.context)
			file = path.Base(file)
			gosec.logger.Printf("Rule error: %v => %s (%s:%d)\n", reflect.TypeOf(rule), err, file, line)
		}
		if issue != nil {
			if gosec.showIgnored {
				issue.NoSec = ignored
			}
			if !ignored || !gosec.showIgnored {
				gosec.stats.NumFound++
			}
			if ignored && gosec.trackSuppressions {
				issue.WithSuppressions(suppressions)
				gosec.issues = append(gosec.issues, issue)
			} else if !ignored || gosec.showIgnored || gosec.ignoreNosec {
				gosec.issues = append(gosec.issues, issue)
			}
		}
	}
	return gosec
}

// Report returns the current issues discovered and the metrics about the scan
func (gosec *Analyzer) Report() ([]*Issue, *Metrics, map[string][]Error) {
	return gosec.issues, gosec.stats, gosec.errors
}

// Reset clears state such as context, issues and metrics from the configured analyzer
func (gosec *Analyzer) Reset() {
	gosec.context = &Context{}
	gosec.issues = make([]*Issue, 0, 16)
	gosec.stats = &Metrics{}
	gosec.ruleset = NewRuleSet()
}