routes.py

from ast import NodeVisitor, Return, parse
from contextlib import suppress
from functools import partial, wraps
from inspect import getsource, signature
from mimetypes import guess_type
from os import path, sep
from pathlib import PurePath
from textwrap import dedent
from time import gmtime, strftime
from typing import (
    Any,
    Callable,
    Iterable,
    List,
    Optional,
    Set,
    Tuple,
    Union,
    cast,
)
from urllib.parse import unquote

from sanic_routing.route import Route

from sanic.base.meta import SanicMeta
from sanic.compat import stat_async
from sanic.constants import DEFAULT_HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE, HTTP_METHODS
from sanic.errorpages import RESPONSE_MAPPING
from sanic.exceptions import (
    BadRequest,
    FileNotFound,
    HeaderNotFound,
    RangeNotSatisfiable,
)
from sanic.handlers import ContentRangeHandler
from sanic.log import error_logger
from sanic.models.futures import FutureRoute, FutureStatic
from sanic.models.handler_types import RouteHandler
from sanic.response import HTTPResponse, file, file_stream
from sanic.types import HashableDict


RouteWrapper = Callable[
    [RouteHandler], Union[RouteHandler, Tuple[Route, RouteHandler]]
]
RESTRICTED_ROUTE_CONTEXT = (
    "ignore_body",
    "stream",
    "hosts",
    "static",
    "error_format",
    "websocket",
)


class RouteMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
    name: str

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
        self._future_routes: Set[FutureRoute] = set()
        self._future_statics: Set[FutureStatic] = set()
        self.strict_slashes: Optional[bool] = False

    def _apply_route(self, route: FutureRoute) -> List[Route]:
        raise NotImplementedError  # noqa

    def _apply_static(self, static: FutureStatic) -> Route:
        raise NotImplementedError  # noqa

    def route(
        self,
        uri: str,
        methods: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
        host: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
        strict_slashes: Optional[bool] = None,
        stream: bool = False,
        version: Optional[Union[int, str, float]] = None,
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        ignore_body: bool = False,
        apply: bool = True,
        subprotocols: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        websocket: bool = False,
        unquote: bool = False,
        static: bool = False,
        version_prefix: str = "/v",
        error_format: Optional[str] = None,
        **ctx_kwargs: Any,
    ) -> RouteWrapper:
        """
        Decorate a function to be registered as a route


        **Example using context kwargs**

        .. code-block:: python

            @app.route(..., ctx_foo="foobar")
            async def route_handler(request: Request):
                assert request.route.ctx.foo == "foobar"

        :param uri: path of the URL
        :param methods: list or tuple of methods allowed
        :param host: the host, if required
        :param strict_slashes: whether to apply strict slashes to the route
        :param stream: whether to allow the request to stream its body
        :param version: route specific versioning
        :param name: user defined route name for url_for
        :param ignore_body: whether the handler should ignore request
            body (eg. GET requests)
        :param version_prefix: URL path that should be before the version
            value; default: ``/v``
        :param  ctx_kwargs: Keyword arguments that begin with a ctx_* prefix
            will be appended to the route context (``route.ctx``)
        :return: tuple of routes, decorated function
        """

        # Fix case where the user did not prefix the URL with a /
        # and will probably get confused as to why it's not working
        if not uri.startswith("/") and (uri or hasattr(self, "router")):
            uri = "/" + uri

        if strict_slashes is None:
            strict_slashes = self.strict_slashes

        if not methods and not websocket:
            methods = frozenset({"GET"})

        route_context = self._build_route_context(ctx_kwargs)

        def decorator(handler):
            nonlocal uri
            nonlocal methods
            nonlocal host
            nonlocal strict_slashes
            nonlocal stream
            nonlocal version
            nonlocal name
            nonlocal ignore_body
            nonlocal subprotocols
            nonlocal websocket
            nonlocal static
            nonlocal version_prefix
            nonlocal error_format

            if isinstance(handler, tuple):
                # if a handler fn is already wrapped in a route, the handler
                # variable will be a tuple of (existing routes, handler fn)
                _, handler = handler

            name = self._generate_name(name, handler)

            if isinstance(host, str):
                host = frozenset([host])
            elif host and not isinstance(host, frozenset):
                try:
                    host = frozenset(host)
                except TypeError:
                    raise ValueError(
                        "Expected either string or Iterable of host strings, "
                        "not %s" % host
                    )
            if isinstance(subprotocols, list):
                # Ordered subprotocols, maintain order
                subprotocols = tuple(subprotocols)
            elif isinstance(subprotocols, set):
                # subprotocol is unordered, keep it unordered
                subprotocols = frozenset(subprotocols)

            if not error_format or error_format == "auto":
                error_format = self._determine_error_format(handler)

            route = FutureRoute(
                handler,
                uri,
                None if websocket else frozenset([x.upper() for x in methods]),
                host,
                strict_slashes,
                stream,
                version,
                name,
                ignore_body,
                websocket,
                subprotocols,
                unquote,
                static,
                version_prefix,
                error_format,
                route_context,
            )

            self._future_routes.add(route)

            args = list(signature(handler).parameters.keys())
            if websocket and len(args) < 2:
                handler_name = handler.__name__

                raise ValueError(
                    f"Required parameter `request` and/or `ws` missing "
                    f"in the {handler_name}() route?"
                )
            elif not args:
                handler_name = handler.__name__

                raise ValueError(
                    f"Required parameter `request` missing "
                    f"in the {handler_name}() route?"
                )

            if not websocket and stream:
                handler.is_stream = stream

            if apply:
                self._apply_route(route)

            if static:
                return route, handler
            return handler

        return decorator

    def add_route(
        self,
        handler: RouteHandler,
        uri: str,
        methods: Iterable[str] = frozenset({"GET"}),
        host: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
        strict_slashes: Optional[bool] = None,
        version: Optional[Union[int, str, float]] = None,
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        stream: bool = False,
        version_prefix: str = "/v",
        error_format: Optional[str] = None,
        **ctx_kwargs,
    ) -> RouteHandler:
        """A helper method to register class instance or
        functions as a handler to the application url
        routes.

        :param handler: function or class instance
        :param uri: path of the URL
        :param methods: list or tuple of methods allowed, these are overridden
                        if using a HTTPMethodView
        :param host:
        :param strict_slashes:
        :param version:
        :param name: user defined route name for url_for
        :param stream: boolean specifying if the handler is a stream handler
        :param version_prefix: URL path that should be before the version
            value; default: ``/v``
        :param  ctx_kwargs: Keyword arguments that begin with a ctx_* prefix
            will be appended to the route context (``route.ctx``)
        :return: function or class instance
        """
        # Handle HTTPMethodView differently
        if hasattr(handler, "view_class"):
            methods = set()

            for method in HTTP_METHODS:
                view_class = getattr(handler, "view_class")
                _handler = getattr(view_class, method.lower(), None)
                if _handler:
                    methods.add(method)
                    if hasattr(_handler, "is_stream"):
                        stream = True

        if strict_slashes is None:
            strict_slashes = self.strict_slashes

        self.route(
            uri=uri,
            methods=methods,
            host=host,
            strict_slashes=strict_slashes,
            stream=stream,
            version=version,
            name=name,
            version_prefix=version_prefix,
            error_format=error_format,
            **ctx_kwargs,
        )(handler)
        return handler

    # Shorthand method decorators
    def get(
        self,
        uri: str,
        host: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
        strict_slashes: Optional[bool] = None,
        version: Optional[Union[int, str, float]] = None,
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        ignore_body: bool = True,
        version_prefix: str = "/v",
        error_format: Optional[str] = None,
        **ctx_kwargs,
    ) -> RouteHandler:
        """
        Add an API URL under the **GET** *HTTP* method

        :param uri: URL to be tagged to **GET** method of *HTTP*
        :param host: Host IP or FQDN for the service to use
        :param strict_slashes: Instruct :class:`Sanic` to check if the request
            URLs need to terminate with a */*
        :param version: API Version
        :param name: Unique name that can be used to identify the Route
        :param version_prefix: URL path that should be before the version
            value; default: ``/v``
        :param  ctx_kwargs: Keyword arguments that begin with a ctx_* prefix
            will be appended to the route context (``route.ctx``)
        :return: Object decorated with :func:`route` method
        """
        return cast(
            RouteHandler,
            self.route(
                uri,
                methods=frozenset({"GET"}),
                host=host,
                strict_slashes=strict_slashes,
                version=version,
                name=name,
                ignore_body=ignore_body,
                version_prefix=version_prefix,
                error_format=error_format,
                **ctx_kwargs,
            ),
        )

    def post(
        self,
        uri: str,
        host: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
        strict_slashes: Optional[bool] = None,
        stream: bool = False,
        version: Optional[Union[int, str, float]] = None,
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        version_prefix: str = "/v",
        error_format: Optional[str] = None,
        **ctx_kwargs,
    ) -> RouteHandler:
        """
        Add an API URL under the **POST** *HTTP* method

        :param uri: URL to be tagged to **POST** method of *HTTP*
        :param host: Host IP or FQDN for the service to use
        :param strict_slashes: Instruct :class:`Sanic` to check if the request
            URLs need to terminate with a */*
        :param version: API Version
        :param name: Unique name that can be used to identify the Route
        :param version_prefix: URL path that should be before the version
            value; default: ``/v``
        :param  ctx_kwargs: Keyword arguments that begin with a ctx_* prefix
            will be appended to the route context (``route.ctx``)
        :return: Object decorated with :func:`route` method
        """
        return cast(
            RouteHandler,
            self.route(
                uri,
                methods=frozenset({"POST"}),
                host=host,
                strict_slashes=strict_slashes,
                stream=stream,
                version=version,
                name=name,
                version_prefix=version_prefix,
                error_format=error_format,
                **ctx_kwargs,
            ),
        )

    def put(
        self,
        uri: str,
        host: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
        strict_slashes: Optional[bool] = None,
        stream: bool = False,
        version: Optional[Union[int, str, float]] = None,
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        version_prefix: str = "/v",
        error_format: Optional[str] = None,
        **ctx_kwargs,
    ) -> RouteHandler:
        """
        Add an API URL under the **PUT** *HTTP* method

        :param uri: URL to be tagged to **PUT** method of *HTTP*
        :param host: Host IP or FQDN for the service to use
        :param strict_slashes: Instruct :class:`Sanic` to check if the request
            URLs need to terminate with a */*
        :param version: API Version
        :param name: Unique name that can be used to identify the Route
        :param version_prefix: URL path that should be before the version
            value; default: ``/v``
        :param  ctx_kwargs: Keyword arguments that begin with a ctx_* prefix
            will be appended to the route context (``route.ctx``)
        :return: Object decorated with :func:`route` method
        """
        return cast(
            RouteHandler,
            self.route(
                uri,
                methods=frozenset({"PUT"}),
                host=host,
                strict_slashes=strict_slashes,
                stream=stream,
                version=version,
                name=name,
                version_prefix=version_prefix,
                error_format=error_format,
                **ctx_kwargs,
            ),
        )

    def head(
        self,
        uri: str,
        host: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
        strict_slashes: Optional[bool] = None,
        version: Optional[Union[int, str, float]] = None,
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        ignore_body: bool = True,
        version_prefix: str = "/v",
        error_format: Optional[str] = None,
        **ctx_kwargs,
    ) -> RouteHandler:
        """
        Add an API URL under the **HEAD** *HTTP* method

        :param uri: URL to be tagged to **HEAD** method of *HTTP*
        :type uri: str
        :param host: Host IP or FQDN for the service to use
        :type host: Optional[str], optional
        :param strict_slashes: Instruct :class:`Sanic` to check if the request
            URLs need to terminate with a */*
        :type strict_slashes: Optional[bool], optional
        :param version: API Version
        :type version: Optional[str], optional
        :param name: Unique name that can be used to identify the Route
        :type name: Optional[str], optional
        :param ignore_body: whether the handler should ignore request
            body (eg. GET requests), defaults to True
        :type ignore_body: bool, optional
        :param version_prefix: URL path that should be before the version
            value; default: ``/v``
        :param  ctx_kwargs: Keyword arguments that begin with a ctx_* prefix
            will be appended to the route context (``route.ctx``)
        :return: Object decorated with :func:`route` method
        """
        return cast(
            RouteHandler,
            self.route(
                uri,
                methods=frozenset({"HEAD"}),
                host=host,
                strict_slashes=strict_slashes,
                version=version,
                name=name,
                ignore_body=ignore_body,
                version_prefix=version_prefix,
                error_format=error_format,
                **ctx_kwargs,
            ),
        )

    def options(
        self,
        uri: str,
        host: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
        strict_slashes: Optional[bool] = None,
        version: Optional[Union[int, str, float]] = None,
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        ignore_body: bool = True,
        version_prefix: str = "/v",
        error_format: Optional[str] = None,
        **ctx_kwargs,
    ) -> RouteHandler:
        """
        Add an API URL under the **OPTIONS** *HTTP* method

        :param uri: URL to be tagged to **OPTIONS** method of *HTTP*
        :type uri: str
        :param host: Host IP or FQDN for the service to use
        :type host: Optional[str], optional
        :param strict_slashes: Instruct :class:`Sanic` to check if the request
            URLs need to terminate with a */*
        :type strict_slashes: Optional[bool], optional
        :param version: API Version
        :type version: Optional[str], optional
        :param name: Unique name that can be used to identify the Route
        :type name: Optional[str], optional
        :param ignore_body: whether the handler should ignore request
            body (eg. GET requests), defaults to True
        :type ignore_body: bool, optional
        :param version_prefix: URL path that should be before the version
            value; default: ``/v``
        :param  ctx_kwargs: Keyword arguments that begin with a ctx_* prefix
            will be appended to the route context (``route.ctx``)
        :return: Object decorated with :func:`route` method
        """
        return cast(
            RouteHandler,
            self.route(
                uri,
                methods=frozenset({"OPTIONS"}),
                host=host,
                strict_slashes=strict_slashes,
                version=version,
                name=name,
                ignore_body=ignore_body,
                version_prefix=version_prefix,
                error_format=error_format,
                **ctx_kwargs,
            ),
        )

    def patch(
        self,
        uri: str,
        host: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
        strict_slashes: Optional[bool] = None,
        stream=False,
        version: Optional[Union[int, str, float]] = None,
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        version_prefix: str = "/v",
        error_format: Optional[str] = None,
        **ctx_kwargs,
    ) -> RouteHandler:
        """
        Add an API URL under the **PATCH** *HTTP* method

        :param uri: URL to be tagged to **PATCH** method of *HTTP*
        :type uri: str
        :param host: Host IP or FQDN for the service to use
        :type host: Optional[str], optional
        :param strict_slashes: Instruct :class:`Sanic` to check if the request
            URLs need to terminate with a */*
        :type strict_slashes: Optional[bool], optional
        :param stream: whether to allow the request to stream its body
        :type stream: Optional[bool], optional
        :param version: API Version
        :type version: Optional[str], optional
        :param name: Unique name that can be used to identify the Route
        :type name: Optional[str], optional
        :param ignore_body: whether the handler should ignore request
            body (eg. GET requests), defaults to True
        :type ignore_body: bool, optional
        :param version_prefix: URL path that should be before the version
            value; default: ``/v``
        :param  ctx_kwargs: Keyword arguments that begin with a ctx_* prefix
            will be appended to the route context (``route.ctx``)
        :return: Object decorated with :func:`route` method
        """
        return cast(
            RouteHandler,
            self.route(
                uri,
                methods=frozenset({"PATCH"}),
                host=host,
                strict_slashes=strict_slashes,
                stream=stream,
                version=version,
                name=name,
                version_prefix=version_prefix,
                error_format=error_format,
                **ctx_kwargs,
            ),
        )

    def delete(
        self,
        uri: str,
        host: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
        strict_slashes: Optional[bool] = None,
        version: Optional[Union[int, str, float]] = None,
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        ignore_body: bool = True,
        version_prefix: str = "/v",
        error_format: Optional[str] = None,
        **ctx_kwargs,
    ) -> RouteHandler:
        """
        Add an API URL under the **DELETE** *HTTP* method

        :param uri: URL to be tagged to **DELETE** method of *HTTP*
        :param host: Host IP or FQDN for the service to use
        :param strict_slashes: Instruct :class:`Sanic` to check if the request
            URLs need to terminate with a */*
        :param version: API Version
        :param name: Unique name that can be used to identify the Route
        :param version_prefix: URL path that should be before the version
            value; default: ``/v``
        :param  ctx_kwargs: Keyword arguments that begin with a ctx_* prefix
            will be appended to the route context (``route.ctx``)
        :return: Object decorated with :func:`route` method
        """
        return cast(
            RouteHandler,
            self.route(
                uri,
                methods=frozenset({"DELETE"}),
                host=host,
                strict_slashes=strict_slashes,
                version=version,
                name=name,
                ignore_body=ignore_body,
                version_prefix=version_prefix,
                error_format=error_format,
                **ctx_kwargs,
            ),
        )

    def websocket(
        self,
        uri: str,
        host: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
        strict_slashes: Optional[bool] = None,
        subprotocols: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        version: Optional[Union[int, str, float]] = None,
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        apply: bool = True,
        version_prefix: str = "/v",
        error_format: Optional[str] = None,
        **ctx_kwargs,
    ):
        """
        Decorate a function to be registered as a websocket route

        :param uri: path of the URL
        :param host: Host IP or FQDN details
        :param strict_slashes: If the API endpoint needs to terminate
                               with a "/" or not
        :param subprotocols: optional list of str with supported subprotocols
        :param name: A unique name assigned to the URL so that it can
                     be used with :func:`url_for`
        :param version_prefix: URL path that should be before the version
            value; default: ``/v``
        :param  ctx_kwargs: Keyword arguments that begin with a ctx_* prefix
            will be appended to the route context (``route.ctx``)
        :return: tuple of routes, decorated function
        """
        return self.route(
            uri=uri,
            host=host,
            methods=None,
            strict_slashes=strict_slashes,
            version=version,
            name=name,
            apply=apply,
            subprotocols=subprotocols,
            websocket=True,
            version_prefix=version_prefix,
            error_format=error_format,
            **ctx_kwargs,
        )

    def add_websocket_route(
        self,
        handler,
        uri: str,
        host: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
        strict_slashes: Optional[bool] = None,
        subprotocols=None,
        version: Optional[Union[int, str, float]] = None,
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        version_prefix: str = "/v",
        error_format: Optional[str] = None,
        **ctx_kwargs,
    ):
        """
        A helper method to register a function as a websocket route.

        :param handler: a callable function or instance of a class
                        that can handle the websocket request
        :param host: Host IP or FQDN details
        :param uri: URL path that will be mapped to the websocket
                    handler
                    handler
        :param strict_slashes: If the API endpoint needs to terminate
                with a "/" or not
        :param subprotocols: Subprotocols to be used with websocket
                handshake
        :param name: A unique name assigned to the URL so that it can
                be used with :func:`url_for`
        :param version_prefix: URL path that should be before the version
            value; default: ``/v``
        :param  ctx_kwargs: Keyword arguments that begin with a ctx_* prefix
            will be appended to the route context (``route.ctx``)
        :return: Objected decorated by :func:`websocket`
        """
        return self.websocket(
            uri=uri,
            host=host,
            strict_slashes=strict_slashes,
            subprotocols=subprotocols,
            version=version,
            name=name,
            version_prefix=version_prefix,
            error_format=error_format,
            **ctx_kwargs,
        )(handler)

    def static(
        self,
        uri,
        file_or_directory: Union[str, bytes, PurePath],
        pattern=r"/?.+",
        use_modified_since=True,
        use_content_range=False,
        stream_large_files=False,
        name="static",
        host=None,
        strict_slashes=None,
        content_type=None,
        apply=True,
        resource_type=None,
    ):
        """
        Register a root to serve files from. The input can either be a
        file or a directory. This method will enable an easy and simple way
        to setup the :class:`Route` necessary to serve the static files.

        :param uri: URL path to be used for serving static content
        :param file_or_directory: Path for the Static file/directory with
            static files
        :param pattern: Regex Pattern identifying the valid static files
        :param use_modified_since: If true, send file modified time, and return
            not modified if the browser's matches the server's
        :param use_content_range: If true, process header for range requests
            and sends the file part that is requested
        :param stream_large_files: If true, use the
            :func:`StreamingHTTPResponse.file_stream` handler rather
            than the :func:`HTTPResponse.file` handler to send the file.
            If this is an integer, this represents the threshold size to
            switch to :func:`StreamingHTTPResponse.file_stream`
        :param name: user defined name used for url_for
        :param host: Host IP or FQDN for the service to use
        :param strict_slashes: Instruct :class:`Sanic` to check if the request
            URLs need to terminate with a */*
        :param content_type: user defined content type for header
        :return: routes registered on the router
        :rtype: List[sanic.router.Route]
        """

        name = self._generate_name(name)

        if strict_slashes is None and self.strict_slashes is not None:
            strict_slashes = self.strict_slashes

        if not isinstance(file_or_directory, (str, bytes, PurePath)):
            raise ValueError(
                f"Static route must be a valid path, not {file_or_directory}"
            )

        static = FutureStatic(
            uri,
            file_or_directory,
            pattern,
            use_modified_since,
            use_content_range,
            stream_large_files,
            name,
            host,
            strict_slashes,
            content_type,
            resource_type,
        )
        self._future_statics.add(static)

        if apply:
            self._apply_static(static)

    def _generate_name(self, *objects) -> str:
        name = None

        for obj in objects:
            if obj:
                if isinstance(obj, str):
                    name = obj
                    break

                try:
                    name = obj.name
                except AttributeError:
                    try:
                        name = obj.__name__
                    except AttributeError:
                        continue
                else:
                    break

        if not name:  # noqa
            raise ValueError("Could not generate a name for handler")

        if not name.startswith(f"{self.name}."):
            name = f"{self.name}.{name}"

        return name

    async def _static_request_handler(
        self,
        file_or_directory,
        use_modified_since,
        use_content_range,
        stream_large_files,
        request,
        content_type=None,
        __file_uri__=None,
    ):
        # Merge served directory and requested file if provided
        root_path = file_path = path.abspath(unquote(file_or_directory))

        if __file_uri__:
            # Strip all / that in the beginning of the URL to help prevent
            # python from herping a derp and treating the uri as an
            # absolute path
            unquoted_file_uri = unquote(__file_uri__).lstrip("/")

            segments = unquoted_file_uri.split("/")
            if ".." in segments or any(sep in segment for segment in segments):
                raise BadRequest("Invalid URL")

            file_path = path.join(file_or_directory, unquoted_file_uri)
            file_path = path.abspath(file_path)

        if not file_path.startswith(root_path):
            error_logger.exception(
                f"File not found: path={file_or_directory}, "
                f"relative_url={__file_uri__}"
            )
            raise FileNotFound(
                "File not found",
                path=file_or_directory,
                relative_url=__file_uri__,
            )
        try:
            headers = {}
            # Check if the client has been sent this file before
            # and it has not been modified since
            stats = None
            if use_modified_since:
                stats = await stat_async(file_path)
                modified_since = strftime(
                    "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT", gmtime(stats.st_mtime)
                )
                if (
                    request.headers.getone("if-modified-since", None)
                    == modified_since
                ):
                    return HTTPResponse(status=304)
                headers["Last-Modified"] = modified_since
            _range = None
            if use_content_range:
                _range = None
                if not stats:
                    stats = await stat_async(file_path)
                headers["Accept-Ranges"] = "bytes"
                headers["Content-Length"] = str(stats.st_size)
                if request.method != "HEAD":
                    try:
                        _range = ContentRangeHandler(request, stats)
                    except HeaderNotFound:
                        pass
                    else:
                        del headers["Content-Length"]
                        for key, value in _range.headers.items():
                            headers[key] = value

            if "content-type" not in headers:
                content_type = (
                    content_type
                    or guess_type(file_path)[0]
                    or DEFAULT_HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE
                )

                if "charset=" not in content_type and (
                    content_type.startswith("text/")
                    or content_type == "application/javascript"
                ):
                    content_type += "; charset=utf-8"

                headers["Content-Type"] = content_type

            if request.method == "HEAD":
                return HTTPResponse(headers=headers)
            else:
                if stream_large_files:
                    if type(stream_large_files) == int:
                        threshold = stream_large_files
                    else:
                        threshold = 1024 * 1024

                    if not stats:
                        stats = await stat_async(file_path)
                    if stats.st_size >= threshold:
                        return await file_stream(
                            file_path, headers=headers, _range=_range
                        )
                return await file(file_path, headers=headers, _range=_range)
        except RangeNotSatisfiable:
            raise
        except FileNotFoundError:
            raise FileNotFound(
                "File not found",
                path=file_or_directory,
                relative_url=__file_uri__,
            )
        except Exception:
            error_logger.exception(
                f"Exception in static request handler: "
                f"path={file_or_directory}, "
                f"relative_url={__file_uri__}"
            )
            raise

    def _register_static(
        self,
        static: FutureStatic,
    ):
        # TODO: Though sanic is not a file server, I feel like we should
        # at least make a good effort here.  Modified-since is nice, but
        # we could also look into etags, expires, and caching
        """
        Register a static directory handler with Sanic by adding a route to the
        router and registering a handler.

        :param app: Sanic
        :param file_or_directory: File or directory path to serve from
        :type file_or_directory: Union[str,bytes,Path]
        :param uri: URL to serve from
        :type uri: str
        :param pattern: regular expression used to match files in the URL
        :param use_modified_since: If true, send file modified time, and return
                                not modified if the browser's matches the
                                server's
        :param use_content_range: If true, process header for range requests
                                and sends the file part that is requested
        :param stream_large_files: If true, use the file_stream() handler
                                rather than the file() handler to send the file
                                If this is an integer, this represents the
                                threshold size to switch to file_stream()
        :param name: user defined name used for url_for
        :type name: str
        :param content_type: user defined content type for header
        :return: registered static routes
        :rtype: List[sanic.router.Route]
        """

        if isinstance(static.file_or_directory, bytes):
            file_or_directory = static.file_or_directory.decode("utf-8")
        elif isinstance(static.file_or_directory, PurePath):
            file_or_directory = str(static.file_or_directory)
        elif not isinstance(static.file_or_directory, str):
            raise ValueError("Invalid file path string.")
        else:
            file_or_directory = static.file_or_directory

        uri = static.uri
        name = static.name
        # If we're not trying to match a file directly,
        # serve from the folder
        if not static.resource_type:
            if not path.isfile(file_or_directory):
                uri += "/<__file_uri__:path>"
        elif static.resource_type == "dir":
            if path.isfile(file_or_directory):
                raise TypeError(
                    "Resource type improperly identified as directory. "
                    f"'{file_or_directory}'"
                )
            uri += "/<__file_uri__:path>"
        elif static.resource_type == "file" and not path.isfile(
            file_or_directory
        ):
            raise TypeError(
                "Resource type improperly identified as file. "
                f"'{file_or_directory}'"
            )
        elif static.resource_type != "file":
            raise ValueError(
                "The resource_type should be set to 'file' or 'dir'"
            )

        # special prefix for static files
        # if not static.name.startswith("_static_"):
        #     name = f"_static_{static.name}"

        _handler = wraps(self._static_request_handler)(
            partial(
                self._static_request_handler,
                file_or_directory,
                static.use_modified_since,
                static.use_content_range,
                static.stream_large_files,
                content_type=static.content_type,
            )
        )

        route, _ = self.route(  # type: ignore
            uri=uri,
            methods=["GET", "HEAD"],
            name=name,
            host=static.host,
            strict_slashes=static.strict_slashes,
            static=True,
        )(_handler)

        return route

    def _determine_error_format(self, handler) -> str:
        with suppress(OSError, TypeError):
            src = dedent(getsource(handler))
            tree = parse(src)
            http_response_types = self._get_response_types(tree)

            if len(http_response_types) == 1:
                return next(iter(http_response_types))

        return ""

    def _get_response_types(self, node):
        types = set()

        class HttpResponseVisitor(NodeVisitor):
            def visit_Return(self, node: Return) -> Any:
                nonlocal types

                with suppress(AttributeError):
                    checks = [node.value.func.id]  # type: ignore
                    if node.value.keywords:  # type: ignore
                        checks += [
                            k.value
                            for k in node.value.keywords  # type: ignore
                            if k.arg == "content_type"
                        ]

                    for check in checks:
                        if check in RESPONSE_MAPPING:
                            types.add(RESPONSE_MAPPING[check])

        HttpResponseVisitor().visit(node)

        return types

    def _build_route_context(self, raw):
        ctx_kwargs = {
            key.replace("ctx_", ""): raw.pop(key)
            for key in {**raw}.keys()
            if key.startswith("ctx_")
        }
        restricted = [
            key for key in ctx_kwargs.keys() if key in RESTRICTED_ROUTE_CONTEXT
        ]
        if restricted:
            restricted_arguments = ", ".join(restricted)
            raise AttributeError(
                "Cannot use restricted route context: "
                f"{restricted_arguments}. This limitation is only in place "
                "until v22.9 when the restricted names will no longer be in"
                "conflict. See https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/issues/2303 "
                "for more information."
            )
        if raw:
            unexpected_arguments = ", ".join(raw.keys())
            raise TypeError(
                f"Unexpected keyword arguments: {unexpected_arguments}"
            )
        return HashableDict(ctx_kwargs)