diff --git a/crates/flash/Cargo.toml b/crates/flash/Cargo.toml
index 1444b15ed..c916d7ac0 100644
--- a/crates/flash/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/flash/Cargo.toml
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
 
 [features]
 default = ["cookie_store"]
-cookie_store = ["salvo_core/cookie"]
+cookie_store = ["salvo_core/cookie", "dep:serde_json"]
 session_store = ["dep:salvo-session"]
 
 [dependencies]
@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ async-session = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 salvo_core = { workspace = true, default-features = false }
 salvo_extra = { workspace = true, default-features = false }
 salvo-session = { workspace = true, default-features = false, optional = true }
-tracing = "0.1"
-serde = "1"
-serde_json = "1"
+tracing.workspace = true
+serde.workspace = true
+serde_json = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 salvo_core = {workspace = true, features = ["test"] }
diff --git a/crates/flash/src/lib.rs b/crates/flash/src/lib.rs
index 5db14f209..74114c955 100644
--- a/crates/flash/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/flash/src/lib.rs
@@ -12,11 +12,6 @@ cfg_feature! {
 
     mod cookie_store;
     pub use cookie_store::CookieStore;
-
-    /// Helper function to create a new `CookieStore`.
-    pub fn cookie_store() -> CookieStore {
-        CookieStore::new()
-    }
 }
 
 cfg_feature! {
@@ -24,11 +19,6 @@ cfg_feature! {
 
     mod session_store;
     pub use session_store::SessionStore;
-
-    /// Helper function to create a new `SessionStore`.
-    pub fn session_store() -> SessionStore {
-        SessionStore::new()
-    }
 }
 
 /// Key for incoming flash messages in depot.
@@ -266,8 +256,10 @@ mod tests {
     #[handler]
     pub async fn get_flash(depot: &mut Depot, _res: &mut Response) -> String {
         let mut body = String::new();
-        for message in depot.incoming_flash().unwrap().iter() {
-            writeln!(body, "{} - {}", message.value, message.level).unwrap();
+        if let Some(flash) = depot.incoming_flash() {
+            for message in flash.iter() {
+                writeln!(body, "{} - {}", message.value, message.level).unwrap();
+            }
         }
         body
     }
@@ -277,7 +269,7 @@ mod tests {
     async fn test_cookie_store() {
         let cookie_name = "my-custom-cookie-name".to_string();
         let router = Router::new()
-            .hoop(cookie_store().with_name(&cookie_name).into_handler())
+            .hoop(CookieStore::new().with_name(&cookie_name).into_handler())
             .push(Router::with_path("get").get(get_flash))
             .push(Router::with_path("set").get(set_flash));
         let service = Service::new(router);
@@ -286,7 +278,6 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(respone.status_code(), Some(StatusCode::SEE_OTHER));
 
         let cookie = respone.headers().get(SET_COOKIE).unwrap();
-        println!("cookie: {:?}", cookie);
         assert!(cookie.to_str().unwrap().contains(&cookie_name));
 
         let mut respone = TestClient::get("http://127.0.0.1:7878/get")
@@ -318,7 +309,7 @@ mod tests {
         let session_name = "my-custom-session-name".to_string();
         let router = Router::new()
             .hoop(session_handler)
-            .hoop(session_store().with_name(&session_name).into_handler())
+            .hoop(SessionStore::new().with_name(&session_name).into_handler())
             .push(Router::with_path("get").get(get_flash))
             .push(Router::with_path("set").get(set_flash));
         let service = Service::new(router);
@@ -334,8 +325,6 @@ mod tests {
             .await;
         assert!(respone.take_string().await.unwrap().contains("Hey there!"));
 
-        let cookie = respone.headers().get(SET_COOKIE).unwrap();
-
         let mut respone = TestClient::get("http://127.0.0.1:7878/get")
             .add_header(COOKIE, cookie, true)
             .send(&service)
diff --git a/crates/flash/src/session_store.rs b/crates/flash/src/session_store.rs
index f9279d18a..792ed5517 100644
--- a/crates/flash/src/session_store.rs
+++ b/crates/flash/src/session_store.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use salvo_core::{async_trait, Depot, Request, Response, Result};
+use salvo_core::{async_trait, Depot, Request, Response};
 use salvo_session::SessionDepotExt;
 
 use super::{Flash, FlashHandler, FlashStore};
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ impl FlashStore for SessionStore {
         if let Err(e) = depot
             .session_mut()
             .expect("session must be exist")
-            .insert(&self.name, &serde_json::to_string(&flash).unwrap_or_default())
+            .insert(&self.name, &flash)
         {
             tracing::error!(error = ?e, "save flash to session failed");
         }
diff --git a/examples/flash-cookie/src/main.rs b/examples/flash-cookie/src/main.rs
index a6b67884d..c008f2943 100644
--- a/examples/flash-cookie/src/main.rs
+++ b/examples/flash-cookie/src/main.rs
@@ -1,20 +1,24 @@
+use std::fmt::Write;
+
 use salvo::prelude::*;
+use salvo_flash::{CookieStore, FlashDepotExt};
 
 #[handler]
-async fn hello_world() -> &'static str {
-    "Hello World"
-}
-#[handler]
-async fn hello_world1() -> Result<&'static str, ()> {
-    Ok("Hello World1")
-}
-#[handler]
-async fn hello_world2(res: &mut Response) {
-    res.render("Hello World2");
+pub async fn set_flash(depot: &mut Depot, res: &mut Response) {
+    let flash = depot.outgoing_flash_mut();
+    flash.info("Hey there!").debug("How is it going?");
+    res.render(Redirect::other("/get").unwrap());
 }
+
 #[handler]
-async fn hello_world3(_req: &mut Request, res: &mut Response) {
-    res.render(Text::Plain("Hello World3"));
+pub async fn get_flash(depot: &mut Depot, _res: &mut Response) -> String {
+    let mut body = String::new();
+    if let Some(flash) = depot.incoming_flash() {
+        for message in flash.iter() {
+            writeln!(body, "{} - {}", message.value, message.level).unwrap();
+        }
+    }
+    body
 }
 
 #[tokio::main]
@@ -22,37 +26,9 @@ async fn main() {
     tracing_subscriber::fmt().init();
 
     tracing::info!("Listening on http://127.0.0.1:7878");
-    Server::new(TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:7878")).serve(route()).await;
-}
-
-fn route() -> Router {
-    Router::new()
-        .get(hello_world)
-        .push(Router::with_path("hello1").get(hello_world1))
-        .push(Router::with_path("hello2").get(hello_world2))
-        .push(Router::with_path("hello3").get(hello_world3))
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use salvo::prelude::*;
-    use salvo::test::{ResponseExt, TestClient};
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_hello_world() {
-        let service = Service::new(super::route());
-
-        async fn access(service: &Service, name: &str) -> String {
-            TestClient::get(format!("http://127.0.0.1:7878/{}", name))
-                .send(service)
-                .await
-                .take_string()
-                .await
-                .unwrap()
-        }
-
-        assert_eq!(access(&service, "hello1").await, "Hello World1");
-        assert_eq!(access(&service, "hello2").await, "Hello World2");
-        assert_eq!(access(&service, "hello3").await, "Hello World3");
-    }
+    let router = Router::new()
+        .hoop(CookieStore::new().into_handler())
+        .push(Router::with_path("get").get(get_flash))
+        .push(Router::with_path("set").get(set_flash));
+    Server::new(TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:7878")).serve(router).await;
 }