mod.rs

//! Functions within a wasm module.

mod local_function;

use crate::emit::{Emit, EmitContext, Section};
use crate::encode::Encoder;
use crate::error::Result;
use crate::module::imports::ImportId;
use crate::module::Module;
use crate::parse::IndicesToIds;
use crate::tombstone_arena::{Id, Tombstone, TombstoneArena};
use crate::ty::TypeId;
use crate::ty::ValType;
use anyhow::bail;
use std::cmp;

#[cfg(feature = "parallel")]
use rayon::prelude::*;

pub use self::local_function::LocalFunction;

/// A function identifier.
pub type FunctionId = Id<Function>;

/// A wasm function.
///
/// Either defined locally or externally and then imported; see `FunctionKind`.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Function {
    // NB: Not public so that it can't get out of sync with the arena that this
    // function lives within.
    id: FunctionId,

    /// The kind of function this is.
    pub kind: FunctionKind,

    /// An optional name associated with this function
    pub name: Option<String>,
}

impl Tombstone for Function {
    fn on_delete(&mut self) {
        let ty = self.ty();
        self.kind = FunctionKind::Uninitialized(ty);
        self.name = None;
    }
}

impl Function {
    fn new_uninitialized(id: FunctionId, ty: TypeId) -> Function {
        Function {
            id,
            kind: FunctionKind::Uninitialized(ty),
            name: None,
        }
    }

    /// Get this function's identifier.
    pub fn id(&self) -> FunctionId {
        self.id
    }

    /// Get this function's type's identifier.
    pub fn ty(&self) -> TypeId {
        match &self.kind {
            FunctionKind::Local(l) => l.ty(),
            FunctionKind::Import(i) => i.ty,
            FunctionKind::Uninitialized(t) => *t,
        }
    }
}

/// The local- or external-specific bits of a function.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum FunctionKind {
    /// An externally defined, imported wasm function.
    Import(ImportedFunction),

    /// A locally defined wasm function.
    Local(LocalFunction),

    /// A locally defined wasm function that we haven't parsed yet (but have
    /// reserved its id and associated it with its original input wasm module
    /// index). This should only exist within
    /// `ModuleFunctions::add_local_functions`.
    Uninitialized(TypeId),
}

impl FunctionKind {
    /// Get the underlying `FunctionKind::Import` or panic if this is not an
    /// import function
    pub fn unwrap_import(&self) -> &ImportedFunction {
        match self {
            FunctionKind::Import(import) => import,
            _ => panic!("not an import function"),
        }
    }

    /// Get the underlying `FunctionKind::Local` or panic if this is not a local
    /// function.
    pub fn unwrap_local(&self) -> &LocalFunction {
        match self {
            FunctionKind::Local(l) => l,
            _ => panic!("not a local function"),
        }
    }

    /// Get the underlying `FunctionKind::Import` or panic if this is not an
    /// import function
    pub fn unwrap_import_mut(&mut self) -> &mut ImportedFunction {
        match self {
            FunctionKind::Import(import) => import,
            _ => panic!("not an import function"),
        }
    }

    /// Get the underlying `FunctionKind::Local` or panic if this is not a local
    /// function.
    pub fn unwrap_local_mut(&mut self) -> &mut LocalFunction {
        match self {
            FunctionKind::Local(l) => l,
            _ => panic!("not a local function"),
        }
    }
}

/// An externally defined, imported function.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct ImportedFunction {
    /// The import that brings this function into the module.
    pub import: ImportId,
    /// The type signature of this imported function.
    pub ty: TypeId,
}

/// The set of functions within a module.
#[derive(Debug, Default)]
pub struct ModuleFunctions {
    /// The arena containing this module's functions.
    arena: TombstoneArena<Function>,
}

impl ModuleFunctions {
    /// Construct a new, empty set of functions for a module.
    pub fn new() -> ModuleFunctions {
        Default::default()
    }

    /// Create a new externally defined, imported function.
    pub fn add_import(&mut self, ty: TypeId, import: ImportId) -> FunctionId {
        self.arena.alloc_with_id(|id| Function {
            id,
            kind: FunctionKind::Import(ImportedFunction { import, ty }),
            name: None,
        })
    }

    /// Create a new internally defined function
    pub fn add_local(&mut self, func: LocalFunction) -> FunctionId {
        self.arena.alloc_with_id(|id| Function {
            id,
            kind: FunctionKind::Local(func),
            name: None,
        })
    }

    /// Gets a reference to a function given its id
    pub fn get(&self, id: FunctionId) -> &Function {
        &self.arena[id]
    }

    /// Gets a reference to a function given its id
    pub fn get_mut(&mut self, id: FunctionId) -> &mut Function {
        &mut self.arena[id]
    }

    /// Get a function ID by its name.
    ///
    /// The name used is the "name" custom section name and *not* the export
    /// name, if a function happens to be exported.
    ///
    /// Note that function names are *not* guaranteed to be unique. This will
    /// return the first function in the module with the given name.
    pub fn by_name(&self, name: &str) -> Option<FunctionId> {
        self.arena.iter().find_map(|(id, f)| {
            if f.name.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str()) == Some(name) {
                Some(id)
            } else {
                None
            }
        })
    }

    /// Removes a function from this module.
    ///
    /// It is up to you to ensure that any potential references to the deleted
    /// function are also removed, eg `call` expressions, exports, table
    /// elements, etc.
    pub fn delete(&mut self, id: FunctionId) {
        self.arena.delete(id);
    }

    /// Get a shared reference to this module's functions.
    pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Function> {
        self.arena.iter().map(|(_, f)| f)
    }

    /// Get a shared reference to this module's functions.
    ///
    /// Requires the `parallel` feature of this crate to be enabled.
    #[cfg(feature = "parallel")]
    pub fn par_iter(&self) -> impl ParallelIterator<Item = &Function> {
        self.arena.par_iter().map(|(_, f)| f)
    }

    /// Get an iterator of this module's local functions
    pub fn iter_local(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (FunctionId, &LocalFunction)> {
        self.iter().filter_map(|f| match &f.kind {
            FunctionKind::Local(local) => Some((f.id(), local)),
            _ => None,
        })
    }

    /// Get a parallel iterator of this module's local functions
    ///
    /// Requires the `parallel` feature of this crate to be enabled.
    #[cfg(feature = "parallel")]
    pub fn par_iter_local(&self) -> impl ParallelIterator<Item = (FunctionId, &LocalFunction)> {
        self.par_iter().filter_map(|f| match &f.kind {
            FunctionKind::Local(local) => Some((f.id(), local)),
            _ => None,
        })
    }

    /// Get a mutable reference to this module's functions.
    pub fn iter_mut(&mut self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &mut Function> {
        self.arena.iter_mut().map(|(_, f)| f)
    }

    /// Get a mutable reference to this module's functions.
    ///
    /// Requires the `parallel` feature of this crate to be enabled.
    #[cfg(feature = "parallel")]
    pub fn par_iter_mut(&mut self) -> impl ParallelIterator<Item = &mut Function> {
        self.arena.par_iter_mut().map(|(_, f)| f)
    }

    /// Get an iterator of this module's local functions
    pub fn iter_local_mut(&mut self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (FunctionId, &mut LocalFunction)> {
        self.iter_mut().filter_map(|f| {
            let id = f.id();
            match &mut f.kind {
                FunctionKind::Local(local) => Some((id, local)),
                _ => None,
            }
        })
    }

    /// Get a parallel iterator of this module's local functions
    ///
    /// Requires the `parallel` feature of this crate to be enabled.
    #[cfg(feature = "parallel")]
    pub fn par_iter_local_mut(
        &mut self,
    ) -> impl ParallelIterator<Item = (FunctionId, &mut LocalFunction)> {
        self.par_iter_mut().filter_map(|f| {
            let id = f.id();
            match &mut f.kind {
                FunctionKind::Local(local) => Some((id, local)),
                _ => None,
            }
        })
    }

    pub(crate) fn emit_func_section(&self, cx: &mut EmitContext) {
        log::debug!("emit function section");
        let functions = used_local_functions(cx);
        if functions.len() == 0 {
            return;
        }
        let mut cx = cx.start_section(Section::Function);
        cx.encoder.usize(functions.len());
        for (id, function, _size) in functions {
            let index = cx.indices.get_type_index(function.ty());
            cx.encoder.u32(index);

            // Assign an index to all local defined functions before we start
            // translating them. While translating they may refer to future
            // functions, so we'll need to have an index for it by that point.
            // We're guaranteed the function section is emitted before the code
            // section so we should be covered here.
            cx.indices.push_func(id);
        }
    }
}

impl Module {
    /// Declare local functions after seeing the `function` section of a wasm
    /// executable.
    pub(crate) fn declare_local_functions(
        &mut self,
        section: wasmparser::FunctionSectionReader,
        ids: &mut IndicesToIds,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        log::debug!("parse function section");
        for func in section {
            let ty = ids.get_type(func?)?;
            let id = self
                .funcs
                .arena
                .alloc_with_id(|id| Function::new_uninitialized(id, ty));
            let idx = ids.push_func(id);
            if self.config.generate_synthetic_names_for_anonymous_items {
                self.funcs.get_mut(id).name = Some(format!("f{}", idx));
            }
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    /// Add the locally defined functions in the wasm module to this instance.
    pub(crate) fn parse_local_functions(
        &mut self,
        section: wasmparser::CodeSectionReader,
        function_section_count: u32,
        indices: &mut IndicesToIds,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        log::debug!("parse code section");
        let amt = section.get_count();
        if amt != function_section_count {
            bail!("code and function sections must have same number of entries")
        }
        let num_imports = self.funcs.arena.len() - (amt as usize);

        // First up serially create corresponding `LocalId` instances for all
        // functions as well as extract the operators parser for each function.
        // This is pretty tough to parallelize, but we can look into it later if
        // necessary and it's a bottleneck!
        let mut bodies = Vec::with_capacity(amt as usize);
        for (i, body) in section.into_iter().enumerate() {
            let body = body?;
            let index = (num_imports + i) as u32;
            let id = indices.get_func(index)?;
            let ty = match self.funcs.arena[id].kind {
                FunctionKind::Uninitialized(ty) => ty,
                _ => unreachable!(),
            };

            // First up, implicitly add locals for all function arguments. We also
            // record these in the function itself for later processing.
            let mut args = Vec::new();
            let type_ = self.types.get(ty);
            for ty in type_.params().iter() {
                let local_id = self.locals.add(*ty);
                let idx = indices.push_local(id, local_id);
                args.push(local_id);
                if self.config.generate_synthetic_names_for_anonymous_items {
                    let name = format!("arg{}", idx);
                    self.locals.get_mut(local_id).name = Some(name);
                }
            }

            // Ensure that there exists a `Type` for the function's entry
            // block. This is required because multi-value blocks reference a
            // `Type`, however function entry's type is implicit in the
            // encoding, and doesn't already exist in the `ModuleTypes`.
            let results = type_.results().to_vec();
            self.types.add_entry_ty(&results);

            // WebAssembly local indices are 32 bits, so it's a validation error to
            // have more than 2^32 locals. Sure enough there's a spec test for this!
            let mut total = 0u32;
            for local in body.get_locals_reader()? {
                let (count, _) = local?;
                total = match total.checked_add(count) {
                    Some(n) => n,
                    None => bail!("can't have more than 2^32 locals"),
                };
            }

            // Now that we know we have a reasonable amount of locals, put them in
            // our map.
            for local in body.get_locals_reader()? {
                let (count, ty) = local?;
                let ty = ValType::parse(&ty)?;
                for _ in 0..count {
                    let local_id = self.locals.add(ty);
                    let idx = indices.push_local(id, local_id);
                    if self.config.generate_synthetic_names_for_anonymous_items {
                        let name = format!("l{}", idx);
                        self.locals.get_mut(local_id).name = Some(name);
                    }
                }
            }

            let body = body.get_operators_reader()?;
            bodies.push((id, body, args, ty));
        }

        // Wasm modules can often have a lot of functions and this operation can
        // take some time, so parse all function bodies in parallel.
        let results = maybe_parallel!(bodies.(into_iter | into_par_iter))
            .map(|(id, body, args, ty)| {
                (id, LocalFunction::parse(self, indices, id, ty, args, body))
            })
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();

        // After all the function bodies are collected and finished push them
        // into our function arena.
        for (id, func) in results {
            let func = func?;
            self.funcs.arena[id].kind = FunctionKind::Local(func);
        }

        Ok(())
    }
}

fn used_local_functions<'a>(cx: &mut EmitContext<'a>) -> Vec<(FunctionId, &'a LocalFunction, u64)> {
    // Extract all local functions because imported ones were already
    // emitted as part of the import sectin. Find the size of each local
    // function. Sort imported functions in order so that we can get their
    // index in the function index space.
    let mut functions = Vec::new();
    for f in cx.module.funcs.iter() {
        match &f.kind {
            FunctionKind::Local(l) => functions.push((f.id(), l, l.size())),
            FunctionKind::Import(_) => {}
            FunctionKind::Uninitialized(_) => unreachable!(),
        }
    }

    // Sort local functions from largest to smallest; we will emit them in
    // this order. This helps load times, since wasm engines generally use
    // the function as their level of granularity for parallelism. We want
    // larger functions compiled before smaller ones because they will take
    // longer to compile.
    functions.sort_by_key(|(id, _, size)| (cmp::Reverse(*size), *id));

    functions
}

impl Emit for ModuleFunctions {
    fn emit(&self, cx: &mut EmitContext) {
        log::debug!("emit code section");
        let functions = used_local_functions(cx);
        if functions.len() == 0 {
            return;
        }

        let mut cx = cx.start_section(Section::Code);
        cx.encoder.usize(functions.len());

        // Functions can typically take awhile to serialize, so serialize
        // everything in parallel. Afterwards we'll actually place all the
        // functions together.
        let bytes = maybe_parallel!(functions.(into_iter | into_par_iter))
            .map(|(id, func, _size)| {
                log::debug!("emit function {:?} {:?}", id, cx.module.funcs.get(id).name);
                let mut wasm = Vec::new();
                let mut encoder = Encoder::new(&mut wasm);
                let (used_locals, local_indices) = func.emit_locals(cx.module, &mut encoder);
                func.emit_instructions(cx.indices, &local_indices, &mut encoder);
                (wasm, id, used_locals, local_indices)
            })
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();

        cx.indices.locals.reserve(bytes.len());
        for (wasm, id, used_locals, local_indices) in bytes {
            cx.encoder.bytes(&wasm);
            cx.indices.locals.insert(id, local_indices);
            cx.locals.insert(id, used_locals);
        }
    }
}